最后冲刺：2021年考研英语阅读模拟题（十四）

发布时间：2020-10-22

英语是考研初试当中比较拉分的科目，历来令不少考生又爱又恨。许多考生的英语都有很大的进步空间，因此英语该如何学就成为了众多考生关心的重点。想要学好英语，实战经验很重要。下面，51题库考试学习网为大家带来考研初试英语科目的一些模拟试题，正在备考的小伙伴赶紧练起来吧。

When you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, it’s amazing how little we have developed in other respects. We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas. We may despise them because they mistook these goings on for entertainment. We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived 2000 years ago and obviously knew no better. But are our feelings of superiority really justified? Are we any less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest? Don’t the spectators who attend them hope they will see some violence? Human beings remains as bloodthirsty as ever they were. The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungey lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long age; sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings or bearbaiting.

It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men batter each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames. Let us not deceive ourselves. Any talk of ‘the sporting spirit’ is sheer hypocrisy. People take part in violent sports because of the high rewards they bring. Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence. A world heavyweight championship match, for instance, is front page news. Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen. They feel disappointment because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence.

Why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much? You may well ask. The answer is simple: they are uncivilized. For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally - admittedly with little success. But at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmen cooped up in cages, or public floggings of any of the countless other barbaric practices which were common in the past. Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be. Social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world. Big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly. These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but because positive steps were taken to change the law. The law is the biggest instrument of social change that we have and it may exert great civilizing influence. If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind. We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings.

21. It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s opinion of nowadays’ human beings is

A. not very high. B. high.

C. contemptuous. D. critical.

22. The main idea of this passage is

A. vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by law.

B. people are willing to pay vast sums money to see violence.

C. to compare two different attitudes towards dangerous sports.

D. people are bloodthirsty in sports.

23. That the author mentions the old Romans is

A. To compare the old Romans with today’s people.

B. to give an example.

C. to show human beings in the past know nothing better.

D. to indicate human beings are used to bloodthirsty.

24. How many dangerous sports does the author mention in this passage?

A. Three. B. Five.

C. Six. D. Seven.

25. The purpose of the author in writing this passage is

A. that, by banning the violent sports, we human beings can improve our selves.

B. that, by banning the dangerous sports, we can improve the law.

C. that we must take positive steps to improve social welfare system.

D. to show law is the main instrument of social change.

参考答案：AADBA

以上就是51题库考试学习网为大家带来的全部内容，希望能给大家一些帮助。51题库考试学习网提醒：在最后阶段，调整自己的心态也是非常重要的，每年都有考生临考前放弃，所以小伙伴们要注意不要给自己太大的压力哦。另外，小伙伴们如果还有其他关于考研信息的疑问，也可以留言咨询哦。

下面小编为大家准备了 研究生入学 的相关考题，供大家学习参考。
Text 1"The love of money",St Paul memorably wrote to his protege Timothy,"is the root of all evil.""All"may be putting it a bit strongly,but dozens of psychological studies have indeed shown that people primed to think about money before an experiment are more likely to lie,cheat and steal during the course of that experiment.Another well-known aphorism,ascribed to Benjamin Franklin,is"time is money".If true,that suggests a syllogism:that the love of time is a root of evil,too.But a paperjust published in Psychological Science by Francesca Gino of Harvard and Cassie Mogilner of the University of Pennsylvania suggests precisely the opposite.Dr Gino and Dr Mogilner asked a group of volunteers to do a scries of what appeared to be aptitude tests.As is ofien the case in such experiments,though,what the voiunteers were told.and what the truth was,were rather different things.In the first test they were asked to make,within three minutes,as many coherent sentences as they could out of a set ofwords they had been presented with.What they were not told was that each of them had been assigned to one of three groups.Some volunteers'word sets were seeded with ones associated with money,such as"dollars","financing"and"spend".Some were seeded with words associated with time（eg,"clock",/'hours","moment"）.And some were seeded with neither.Thus unknowingly primed,the volunteers were ready for the second test.This was mathematical.They were given a sheet of paper with 20 matrices which each contained 12 numbers.two of which added up to ten（for example,3.81 and 6.19）.They had to write down,on a separate answer sheet,how many of these pairs they could manage to find in five minutes.They were also given a packet ofmoney and told they could reward themselves with a dollar for each pair they discovered.This led Dr Gino and Dr Mogilner to suspect that self-reflection played a part in controlling uncthical behaviour during the test.They therefore conducted a third test in which,for half the volunteers,there was a mirror in the cubicle they were sitting in when doing the experiment.Volunteers primed to think about money cheated 39%of the time when a mirror was present but 67%when it was not.Those primed to think about time cheated 32%of the time in the presence of the mirror and 36%in its absence-results that are statistically indistinguishable.Finally,a fourth experiment asked primed volunteers to fill in a questionnaire before tackling the matrix.In among"filler"questions intended to disguise what was happening this asked them to rate how they felt about self-reflective statements like,"Right now,1 am thinking about who I am as a person."As in the previous tests,those primed with money words cheated more ofien than those primed with neutral words and far more ofien than those primed with time words.But whether someone cheated was also related to how strongly he felt about the self-reflective statements presented to him in the questionnaire.It seems,then,that thinking about time has the opposite effect on people from thinking about money.It makes them more honest than normal,rather than less so.Moreover,the more reflective they are,the more honest they become.There must be an aphorism in that.
It can be concluded from the text that——.

A.people primed with neutral words cheated more than those primed with money words
B.self-refiection plays a significant role in people's decision making
C.volunteers cheated was also related with whether a mirror in the cubicle they were sitting
D.people primed with time words cheated most among the subjects
答案：B
解析：
推理判断题。题目没有体现具体的对应段落，但是conclude泽为“结论”，按照出题顺序的原则对应文章的第五段，其中In among“filler"questions intended to disguise what was happening this asked them to raic how they feh about self-reflective statements like（问卷上设有掩饰之前不光彩行为的“补充”问题，调查他们在看到门我反思表述语句时的感受）可以体现结论，B项self-refiection plays a significant roleIn people's decision making“自我反省在人们的决策中扮演着重要的角色”与此相对应。故B项为正确选项。【干扰排除】A项巾的比较与原文刚好相反，因此应当排除；c项在定位的段落中并没有体现，因此应当排除；D项在结论的段落中有体现，但是段落中说被灌输金钱词语的志愿者作弊倾向最大，因此该选项排除。
咳血之肝火犯肺证，治宜选方

A.泻心汤
B.龙胆泻肝汤
C.泻白散合黛蛤散
D.黄土汤
答案：C
解析：
咳血之肝火犯肺证表现为咳嗽阵作，痰中带血或纯血鲜红.胸胁胀痛.烦躁易怒，口苦，舌质红，苔薄黄，脉弦数。其病机为木火刑金，肺失清肃，肺络受损。治宜清肝泻火，凉血止血。其代表方为泻白散合黛蛤散。吐血之肝火犯胃证表现为吐血色红或紫黯，口苦胁痛，心烦易怒，寐少梦多，舌质红绛，脉弦数。其病机为肝火横逆，胃络损伤。治宜泻肝清胃，胃络损伤。其代表方为龙胆泻肝汤。
中小学生常见心理健康问题有哪些？请至少举例说明五种。

答案：
解析：
（1)多动症。也称“儿童多动综合征”，是一种以行为障碍为特征的儿童综合征，多在7岁前就有异常表现。多动症儿童行为主要特征有：①活动过多。例如， 在公共汽车里总是爬上爬下；在课堂里坐不住，总是在椅子上来回挪动，甚至离开座位到处走动。这种儿童的多动与一般儿童的好动不同的是，他们的活动是杂乱的、缺乏组 织性和目的性的。②注意力不集中。不能专注于一种活动，不能坐定看一会儿电视，做 作业做了一会儿又去干别的，做事经常有头无尾，丢三落四。③行为冲动经常未经考虑就行动，在做集体游戏时，难以耐心等待。 有时突然喊叫，袭击别人。 (2) 焦虑症。焦虑症是以与客观威胁不相适合的焦虑反应为特征的神经症，焦虑是由紧 张、不安、焦急、忧虑、恐惧交织而成的一 种情绪状态。焦虑症的表现是：紧张不安， 忧心忡忡，集中注意困难，极端敏感，对微刺激做过度反应，难以做决定。在躯体症状方面，有心跳加快、过度出汗、肌肉持续 性紧张、尿频尿急、睡眠障碍等不适反应。 学生中常见的焦虑反应是考试焦虑。其表现 是随着考试临近心情极度紧张。考试时不能集中注意，知觉范围变窄，思维刻板、出现 慌乱，无法发挥正常水平。考试后又持久地不能松弛下来。 (3) 抑郁症。抑郁症是以持久性的心境低落 为特征的神经症。抑郁症的表现，一是情绪消极、悲伤、颓废、淡漠，失去满足感和生 活的乐趣；二是消极的认识倾向，低自尊、 无能感，从消极方面看事物，好责难自己， 对未来不抱多大希望；三是动机缺失、被动，缺少热情；四是躯体上疲劳、失眠、食 欲不振等。 (4) 强迫症。强迫症包括强迫观念和强迫行 为，强迫观念指当事人身不由己地思考他不 想考虑的事情，强迫行为指当事人反复去做 他不希望执行的动作，如果不这样想不这样做，他就会感到极端焦虑。 (5) 恐怖症。恐怖症是对特定的无实在危害 的事物与场景的非理性惧怕。恐怖症可分为单纯恐怖症、广场恐惧症和社交恐怖症。中 学生中社交恐怖症较多见，包括与异性交往的恐怖症。患有社交恐怖症的人害怕在社交 场合讲话（在会场上讲演、在公共场合进餐 时交谈），担心自己会因双手发抖、脸红、 声音发颤、口吃而暴露自己的焦虑，觉得自 己说话不自然，因而不敢抬头，不敢正视对方的眼睛。 (6) 人格障碍与人格缺陷。人格障碍是长期固定的适应不良的行为模式，这种行为模式由一些不成熟的、不适当的压力应对或问题解决方式所构成。有人格障碍的人与有神经 症的人相似，都没有丧失与现实的接触，也 没有明显的行为混乱。人格障碍有许多类型，例如依赖型人格障碍者有被动的生活取向，不能决策和接受责任，有自我否定的倾向；反社会型人格障碍者有两个显著的特点：一是缺乏对他人的同情与关心，二是缺乏羞耻心与罪恶感。 (7) 性偏差。性偏差是指青少年性发育过程中的不良适应，如过度手淫、迷恋黄色书 刊、早恋、不当性游戏、轻度性别认同困难 等，一般不属于性心理障碍。但对这些不适 应行为，应给予有效的干预。 (8) 进食障碍。进食障碍包括神经性厌食、 贪食和异食癖等，其中神经性厌食是一种由于节食不当而引起的严重体重失常。神经性厌食症多发生于女性（女生比男生多20 倍），其症状是对食物极端厌恶，甚至恐惧， 四肢无力，有的女生则出现闭经。 (9) 睡眠障碍。睡眠障碍包括失眠、过度思 睡、睡行症、夜惊、梦魇等。失眠可能由压力事件、脑力或体力劳动过度引起，也可能 是神经症的伴生物。夜惊可能与儿童发育阶 段精神功能暂时失调有关。梦魇与学生曰间情绪压力有关。

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