最后冲刺：2021年考研英语模拟试题(2020-10-17)

发布时间：2020-10-17

最近，有小伙伴在询问最后阶段，考研英语该如何备考才最有效。最后阶段，我们应该将备考的重点放在复习和了解考试上，多去练习历年真题和模拟试题。下面，51题库考试学习网为大家带来考研初试的一些模拟试题，一起来看看吧。

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The provision of positive incentives to work in the new society will not be an easy task. But the most difficult task of all is to devise the ultimate and final sanction to replace the ultimate sanction of hunger—the economic whip of the old dispensation. Moreover, in a society which rightly rejects the pretence of separating economics from politics and denies the autonomy of the economic order, that sanction can be found only in some conscious act of society. We can no longer ask the invisible hand to do our dirty work for us.

I confess that I am less horror-struck than some people at the prospect, which seems to me unavoidable, of an ultimate power of what is called direction of labour resting in some arm of society, whether in an organ of state or of trade unions. I should indeed be horrified if I identified this prospect with a return to the conditions of the pre-capitalist era. The economic whip of laissez-faire undoubtedly represented an advance on the serf-like conditions of that period: in that relative sense, the claim of capitalism to have established for the first time a system of “free” labour deserves respect. But the direction of labour as exercised in Great Britain in the Second World War seems to me to represent as great an advance over the economic whip of the heyday of capitalist private enterprise as the economic whip represented over pre-capitalist serfdom.

Much depends on the effectiveness of the positive incentives, much, too, on the solidarity and self-discipline of the community. After all, under the system of laissez-faire capitalism the fear of hunger remained an ultimate sanction rather than a continuously operative force. It would have been intolerable if the worker had been normally driven to work by conscious fear of hunger; nor, except in the early and worst days of the Industrial Revolution, did that normally happen. Similarly in the society of the future the power of direction should be regarded not so much as an instrument of daily use but rather as an ultimate sanction held in reserve where voluntary methods fail. It is inconceivable that, in any period or in any conditions that can now be foreseen, any organ of state in Great Britain would be in a position, even if it had the will, to marshal and deploy the labour force over the whole economy by military discipline like an army in the field. This, like other nightmares of a totally planned economy, can be left to those who like to frighten themselves and others with scarecrows.

1. The word “sanction”(Line 2, Paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to______.

[A] corrective measures [B] encouraging methods

[C] preventive efforts [D] revolutionary actions

2. Which of the following is implied in the first paragraph?

[A] People used to be forced to work under whips.

[B] The author dislikes the function of politics in economy.

[C] Incentives are always less available than regulations.

[D] People have an instinct of working less and getting more.

3. The author’s attitudes towards future, as is indicated in the beginning of the second paragraph, is one of______.

[A] reluctant acceptance [B] sheer pessimism

[C] mild optimism [D] extreme hopefulness

4. The author of the text seems to oppose the idea of______.

[A] free market [B] military control

[C] strict regulations [D] unrestrained labors

5. The last sentence of the text indicates the author’s______.

[A] hatred [B] affection [C] stubbornness [D] rejection

答案

1.A 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.D

总体分析

本文是一篇经济类文章，介绍了旧的强制性经济激励手段已经不适用现代社会。

第一段：指出旧的分配方式中的经济激励手段——饥饿处罚已经不能再发挥作用。

第二段：分析指出自由放任资本主义制度下经济激励手段的发展。

第三段：指出在未来社会中强制性的激励手段只能被看作是备用的手段。

以上就是51题库考试学习网为大家带来的全部内容，希望能给大家一些帮助。51题库考试学习网提醒：2021年考研正式报名已经开始，在预报名阶段未来得及报名的小伙伴要注意了。另外，小伙伴们如果还有其他关于考研信息的疑问，也可以留言咨询哦。

下面小编为大家准备了 研究生入学 的相关考题，供大家学习参考。

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观察学习

答案：

解析：

由班杜拉提出，是指通过观察他人的行为及行为后果而间接进行的学习，包括注意保持、复制、动机四个子过程。注意过程中个体决定学习谁、学习什么行为；保持过程中观察者记住从榜样情景了解的行为；复制过程中观察者将头脑中有关榜样情景的表象和符号概念转化为外显行为；动机过程中个体决定要不要表现习得行为。

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行为性体温调节的调节中枢位于
A.大脑皮层 B.视前区-下丘脑前部 C.下丘脑视交叉上核 D.下丘脑

答案：A

解析：

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现有两只桶分别盛有10L浓度为15g/L的盐水，现同时以2L/min的速度向第一只桶中注入清水，搅拌均匀后一2L/min的速度注入第二只桶中，然后以2L/min的速度从第二只桶中排出，问5min后第二只桶中含盐多少克？

答案：

解析：

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马克思把资本划分为不变资本和可变资本，其意义在于（　　）
A.揭示了剩余价值的真正来源
B.为计算剩余价值率提供了科学依据
C.为计算资本周转速度提供了依据
D.为资本有机构成、平均利润、生产价格理论奠定了基础

答案：A,B,D

解析：

这是根据“不变资本和可变资本的区分及其意义”知识点命的题，考查对不变资本和可变资本区分意义的理解和掌握.区分不变资本和可变资本的依据，是资本不同部分在价值增殖过程中所起作用的不同.区分不变资本和可变资本的意义：一是进一步揭露了剩余价值的源泉和资本主义剥削的实质，二是为准确计算资本家对工人的剥削程度，提供了科学依据；三是为理解资本有机构成、平均利润等理论奠定了基础.所以，正确答案为ABD.预付资本的周转速度是固定资本和流动资本的平均周转速度，与不变资本和可变资本的区分无关，所以，选项C不符合题意要求.不变资本和可变资本区分的依据、内容以及与固定资本和流动资本划分的比较等内容都是命题的素材，可采取选择题进行考查.

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