考情前瞻：2021年考研英语历史学类阅读理解模拟题及答案（四）

发布时间：2020-10-12

最近，有小伙伴在询问最后阶段，考研英语该如何备考才最有效。最后阶段，我们应该将备考的重点放在复习和了解考试上，多去练习历年真题和模拟试题。下面，51题库考试学习网为大家带来考研初试的一些模拟试题，一起来看看吧。

Various accounts have traced the “Big Apple” expression to Depression-Era sidewalk apple vendors， a Harlem night club and a popular 1930s dance known as the “Big Apple.” One fanciful version even links the name with a notorious 19th-century procuress!

In fact， it was the jazz musicians of the 1930s and ‘40s who put the phrase into more or less general circulation. If a jazzman circa 1940 told you he had a gig in the “Big Apple，” you knew he had an engagement to play in the most coveted venue of all， Manhattan， where the audience was the biggest， hippest， and most appreciative in the country.

The older generation of jazzmen specifically credit Fletcher Henderson， one of the greatest of the early BigBand leaders and arrangers， with popularizing it， but such things are probably impossible to document. Be that as it may， the ultimate source actually was not the jazz world but the racetrack.

As Damon Runyon (among many others) cheerfully pointed out， New York in those days offered a betting man a lot of places to go broke. There were no fewer than four major tracks nearby， and it required no fewer than three racing journals to cover such a lively scene—The Daily Racing Form (which still survives on newsstands today) and The Running Horse and The New York Morning Telegraph (which do not)—and the ultimate credit for marrying New York to its durable catchphrase goes to columnist John J. FitzGerald who wrote for the Telegraph for over 20 years.

Despite its turf-related origins， by the 1930s and ‘40s， the phrase had become firmly linked to the city’s jazzscene. “Big Apple” was the name both of a popular night club at West 135th Street and Seventh Avenue in Harlem and a jitterbug-style group dance that originated in the South， became a huge phenomenon at Harlem‘s great Savoy Ballroom and rapidly spread across the country. (Neat cultural footnote： the great African-American cinema pioneer Oscar Micheaux liked to use the Big Apple as a venue for occasional screenings of his latest feature film or documentary.)

A film short called The Big Apple came out in 1938， with an all-Black cast featuring Herbert “Whitey” White‘s Lindy Hoppers， Harlem’s top ballroom dancers in the Swing Era. In a book published the same year， bandleader Cab Calloway used the phrase “Big Apple” to mean “the big town， the main stem， Harlem.” Anyonewho loved the city would have readily agreed with Jack FitzGerald： “There‘s only one Big Apple. That’s New York.”

The term had grown stale and was in fact generally forgotten by the 1970s. Then Charles Gillett， head of the New York Convention & Visitors Bureau， got the idea of reviving it. The agency was desperately trying to attract tourists to the town. Mayor John Lindsay had dubbed “Fun City，” but which had become better-known for its blackouts， strikes， street crime and occasional riots. What could be a more wholesome symbol of renewal than a plump red apple?

The city‘s industrial-strength campaign was launched toward the end of the Lindsay administration in 1971， complete with a cheerful Big Apple logo in innumerable forms (lapel pins， buttons， bumper stickers， refrigerator magnets， shopping bags， ashtrays， ties， tie tacks， “Big Apple” T-shirts， etc.)。

Apparently Gillett was on to something， because at this writing， over 35 years later， the campaign he launched—it won him a Tourism Achievement award in 1994， by the way—is still going strong.

1. Read the first paragraph and then choose the correct one.

[A] “Big Apple” is a name of New York.

[B] There are many reasons for the name “Big Apple”……

[C] People are likely to call New York City “Big Apple”

[D] The name “Big Apple” is a name of New York City in the history.

2. According to the author， what‘s the reason for the name “Big Apple”?

[A] He thought that the name “Big Apple” could not be traced as many people‘s saying.

[B] He thought that the name “Big Apple” was something about jazz musicians.

[C] He thought that initially the name “Big Apple”was a name for Manhattan， not for New York City.

[D] He thought that the name “Big Apple” was named by jazz musicians.

3. According to Cab Calloway‘s book， what’s the meaning of the phrase “Big Apple”?

[A] A name of club in his book.

[B] A name of drama mentioned in his book.

[C] It meant the big town， the main stem， Harlem.

[D] It was just a name and had no means.

4.How did they revive the name “Big Apple” by the 1970s?

[A] By announced a new slogan.

[B] By announce that a plump red apple is a symbol of health.

[C] By put an end to New York‘s occasional riots.

[D] By put an end to New York‘s street crimes.

5.What‘s the industrial-strength campaign’s effect which was launched toward the end of the Lindsay

administration in 1971?

[A] It led to a trend of widely used of the phrase “Big Apple”。

[B] It made the phrase “Big Apple” have new meanings.

[C] The campaign is good for the reviving of the name “Big City”。

[D] The campaign lead to the name‘s widely use which was good for its reviving.

参考答案：

1.[B]段意归纳题。本题的干扰项在 C 项。纽约市被称为大苹果是我们的常识，所以很多考生会选择这个选项。但陷阱往往就在这里。我们把这种陷阱称为“真理式陷阱”。该类干扰项的共同特点在于，孤立的看，这个选项挑不出任何毛病，而且往往能使我们联想起我们日常生活中的常识。但有至关重要的是该类选项在目标段落中没有被谈到，所以需要被排除。

2.[B]选项中 A 项讲的是上一段说的内容，因此不能选。C 项说大苹果最初是曼哈顿名字这点说的不正确。文中提到曼哈顿只是说它与我们的命名有关，但没说这名字给了曼哈顿了。D 项说作者认为大苹果这个名字是爵士乐音乐家给起的，也不正确。这个名字虽然与爵士乐家有关，但不是由爵士乐家们专门为纽约市取的名字。

3.[C]细节题。细读文章第六段即可找到答案。此类题只要准确定位到原文就可以顺利排除干扰项。

4.[B]C 和 D 项干扰意图明显，可以很容易被排除。A 项虽然没有错，但相对而言，B 项说得更具体些。

5.[D]该题的迷惑性在于如何区分几个相近选项。B 项是可以首先排除的。接下来看 A、C.从一定意义上说，A、C 都有道理。但根据选择最佳方案法，我们发现，D 项说得最全面。所以，这里把 A、C 排除而选择 D.

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下面小编为大家准备了 研究生入学 的相关考题，供大家学习参考。

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