考情前瞻:2021年考研英语医学类阅读理解模拟题及答案(十八)
发布时间:2020-10-11
2021年考研初试备考还有最后的近三个月时间,相信大家也都在紧张的复习当中。在复习时,多做练习题可以让我们更加了解考试内容。下面,51题库考试学习网为大家带来考研初试的一些模拟试题,正在备考的小伙伴赶紧练起来吧。
Should doctor-assisted suicide ever be a
legal option? It involves the extreme measure of taking the life of a terminally
ill patient when the patient is in extreme pain and the chances for recovery
appear to be none.Those who argue against assisted suicide do so by considering
the roles of the patient,the
doctor,and nature in these
situations.
Should the patient take an active role in
assisted suicide? When a patient is terminally ill and in great pain,those who oppose assisted suicide say
that it should not be up to that patient to decide what his or her fate will
be.There are greater powers at work that determine when a person dies,for example,nature.Neither science nor personal preference should take
precedence over these larger forces.
What role should the doctor have? Doctors,when taking the Hippocratic oath,swear to preserve life at all costs,and it is their ethical and legal duty to
follow both the spirit and the letter of this oath.It is their responsibilities
to heal the sick,and in the cases
when healing is not possible,then
the doctor is obliged to make the dying person comfortable.Doctors are trained never
to hasten death.Those who oppose assisted suicide believe that doctors who do
help terminally ill patients die are committing a crime,and they should be dealt with
accordingly.Doctors are also,by
virtue of their humanness,capable
of making mistakes.Doctors could quite possibly say,for instance,that a cancer patient was terminal,and then the illness could later turn out
not to be so serious.There is always an element of doubt concerning the future
outcome of human affairs.
The third perspective to consider when
thinking about assisted suicide is the role of nature.Life is precious.Many
people believe that it is not up to human beings to decide when to end their
own or another‘s life.Only nature
determines when it is the right time for a person to die.To assist someone in
suicide is not only to break criminal laws,but to break divine 1aws as well.
These general concerns of those who oppose
assisted suicide are valid in certain contexts of the assisted suicide
question.For instance,patients
cannot always be certain of their medical conditions.Pain clouds judgment,and so the patient should not be the sole
arbiter of her or his own destiny.Patients do not usually choose the course of
their medical treatment,so they
shouldn‘t be held
completely responsible for decisions related to it.Doctors are also fallible,and it is understandable that they would
not want to make the final decision about when death should occur.Since doctors
are trained to prolong life,they
usually do not elect to take it by prescribing assisted suicide.
I believe that blindly opposing assisted
suicide does no one a service.If someone is dying of cancer and begging to be
put out of his or her misery,and
someone gives that person a deadly dose of morphine,that seems merciful rather than criminal.If
we can agree to this,then I
think we could also agree that having a doctor close by measuring the dosage
and advising the family and friends is a reasonable request.Without the doctor‘s previous treatment,the person would have surely been dead already.Doctors
have intervened for months or even years,so why not sanction this final,merciful intervention?
Life is indeed precious,but an inevitable part of life is death,and it should be precious,too.If life has become an intolerable
pain and intense suffering,then it
seems that in order to preserve dignity and beauty,one should have the right to end her or
his suffering quietly,surely,and with family and friends nearby.
1. In this passage“doctor-assisted suicide”actually refers to the practice that
doctors____.
[A]kill their patients by intentional
inducement
[B]unconsciously help their patients to
commit suicide
[c]propose euthanasia(安乐死)to the terminally ill patient
[D]kill their patients with improper
prescription
2. People may object to doctor-assisted
suicide on the ground that____.
[A]patients should determine when they want
to end their lives
[B]doctors should be punished if they fail
to save their patients
[C]doctors may make mistakes in their
diagnosis
[D]doctors should wait until their patients‘ death is certain
3. Who has the power to decide when a
person should die according to those who argue against assisted suicide?
[A]The patient. [B]The doctor.
[C]Nature. [D]None of the above.
4. When speaking of the role patients play
in assisted suicide,the
author admits that____.
[A]it is not up to them to make the choice
[B]science is a better arbiter than their
personal preference
[C]personal preference should not be taken
too seriously
[D]they are unable to make the choice in
some cases
5. The author makes it clear that____.
[A]he is opposed to doctor-assisted suicide
[B]he is in favor of doctor-assisted
suicide
[C]he neither objects to nor favors
doctor-assisted suicide
[D]he thinks it better to leave the issue
undiscussed at present
参考答案:
1. [C] 第一段第二句实际上是doctor-assisted suicide的定义。
2. [C] 参阅第三段第六、七、八句。
3. [C] 参阅第四段第三、四、五句。
4. [D] 参阅第五段,尤其是本段第一句。
5. [B] 参阅最后一段,尤其是该段第二句。
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下面小编为大家准备了 研究生入学 的相关考题,供大家学习参考。
A.客观性 B.有限性 C.相对性 D. 一维性
辩证唯物主义时空观认为:时间和空间是物质运动的存在形式。物质运动与时间和空间 的不可分割证明了时间和空间的客观性。时间是指物质运动的持续性、顺序性,特点是一维 性;空间是指物质运动的广延性、伸张性,特点是三维性。物质运动总是在一定的时间和空间 中进行的,没有离开物质运动的“纯粹”时间和空间,也没有离开时间和空间的物质运动。具体 物质形态的时空是有限的,而整个物质世界的时空是无限的;物质运动时间和空间的客观实在 性是绝对的,物质运动时间和空间的具体特性是相对的。一切以时间、地点、条件为转移,具体 问题具体分析,是马克思主义活的灵魂。物质、运动、时间、空间具有内在的统一性。
【解题思路】
(1)本题考査世界的物质性及其发展规律中关于辩证唯物主义时空观的理解和应用。
(2)爱因斯坦最著名的理论就是“相对论”,1905年,爱因斯坦得出著名的时间相对论, 指出一个对象相对于另一对象移动的速度越快,自身时间相对变慢。根据这个假设,一个移动 中的时钟秒针应比一个静止平放的时钟秒针跳动得慢,这一现象称为“时间稀释”。用简单的话来说,就是一个跑着的人的时间流逝得慢,他跑得越快,其时间放慢得越明显。爱因斯坦本 人也对这个论题提出著名的“双生子佯谬”,概括起来就是:两个孪生兄弟在宇宙飞船发射场相 互离别,一个留在地球上,另一个上了以光速的80%的速度飞行的宇宙飞船。过了 50年,留 在地球上的兄弟去迎接航天兄弟的归来,人们会发现航天兄弟的面孔更年轻,事实上他只过了 30年。100年后的2005年,科学家利用分子加速器把原子打成两条光束,绕围而行,模拟理论 中运动较快的时钟,然后用高精密度的激光光谱测量时间,发现光束和外界相比的确慢了一 些。实验与爱因斯坦的理论“完全符合”。爱因斯坦的实验和后来科学家的实验都证明了物质运动空间的具体特性是相对的。
(3)四个选项都是时间的属性或特点,但只有C选项是符合本题要求的正确选项。
B.真武汤
C.苓桂术甘汤
D.猪苓汤
A.小青龙汤 B.射干麻黄汤 C.定喘汤 D.三子养亲汤 E.苏子降气汤
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