考情前瞻:2021年考研英语医学类阅读理解模拟题及答案(十五)
发布时间:2020-10-11
最近,有小伙伴在询问最后阶段,考研英语该如何备考才最有效。最后阶段,我们应该将备考的重点放在复习和了解考试上,多去练习历年真题和模拟试题。下面,51题库考试学习网为大家带来考研初试的一些模拟试题,一起来看看吧。
Depending on whom you ask, the experiment announced at a Texas
medical conference last week was a potential breakthrough for infertile women, a tragic failure or a dangerous step
closer to the nightmare scenario of human cloning.
There\'s truth to all these points of view.
Infertility was clearly the motivation when Chinese doctors used a new
technique to help one of their countrywomen get pregnant. Unlike some infertile
women, the 30-year-old
patient produced eggs just fine, and
those eggs could be fertilized by sperm. But they never developed properly, largely because of defects in parts of
the egg outside the fertilized nucleus. So using a technique developed by Dr.
James Grifo at New York University, Dr. Zhuang Guanglun of Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou took the
patient\'s fertilized egg, scooped out the chromosome-bearing nuclear material and put it in a donated egg
whose nucleus had been removed. In this more benign environment, development proceeded normally, and the woman became pregnant with
triplets who carried a mix of her DNA and her husband\'s——pretty much like any normal baby.
What has some doctors and ethicists upset
is that this so-called nuclear-transfer technique has also been used to produce
clones, starting with
Dolly the sheep. The only significant difference is that with cloning, the inserted nucleus comes from a single, usually adult, cell, and the resulting offspring is genetically identical to the parent.
Doing that with humans is ethically repugnant to many. Besides, for reasons that aren\'t yet well
understood, cloned animals
often abort spontaneously or are born with defects; Dolly died very young, though she had seemed healthy. And
because the Chinese woman\'s twins were born prematurely and died (the third
triplet was removed early on to improve chances for the remaining two), critics have suggested that cloning and
nuclear transfer are equally risky for humans.
Not likely, says Grifo. “The
obstetric outcome was a disaster,” he
admits, “but the embryos were chromosomally normal. We have no evidence that
it had anything to do with the procedure.” Even so, concern over potential risks is why the Food and Drug Administration created a
stringent approval process for such research in 2001——a process that Grifo found so onerous
that he stopped working on the technique and gave it to the researchers in
China, where it was
subsequently banned (but only this month, long after Zhuang\'s patient became pregnant)。
The bottom line, say critics, is that perfecting a technique that
could be used for human cloning, even
if it were developed for another purpose, is just a bad idea——an
assertion Zhuang rejects. “I agree
that it makes sense to control these experiments,” he says. “But
we\'ve developed an effective technology to help people. We understand how to do
it. We need it.”
注(1):本文选自Time; 10/27/2003, p47;
注(2):本文习题命题模仿对象2003年真题Text 4;
1. What is implied in the first paragraph?
[A]Some people regard it as a tragic
failure.
[B]The new experiment means a breakthrough
for some people.
[C]People have different reactions to the
new experiment.
[D]The new experiment means a step further
to the dangerous human cloning.
2. The author uses the case of Dolly and
the Chinese pregnant woman to show that _________.
[A]both nuclear-transfer and cloning are
dangerous for humans and animals
[B]both of them benefit from the new
technique
[C]both of them are the examples of
technical failure
[D]both of them are the fruits of the new
technology
3. Zhuang‘s attitude toward the critics’ conclusion is one of __________.
[A]reserved consent
[B]strong disapproval
[C]slight contempt
[D]enthusiastic support
4. The only difference existing between
nuclear-transfer and cloning technique is ________.
[A]whether it is used for research or for
helping the infertile
[B]whether the offspring looks like the
parent
[C]whether it is used in animals or human
beings
[D]whether the inserted nucleus comes from
a single and usually adult cell
5. The text intends to express the idea
that _________.
[A]research of cloning has potential risks
[B]the research of cloning should be
stopped totally
[C]ethics and research of cloning are in
contradiction
[D]researchers should have the right to
continue the study of cloning
答案:CABDC
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下面小编为大家准备了 研究生入学 的相关考题,供大家学习参考。
B.as
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