考前冲刺:2021年考研英语阅读经典试题及答案(二)
发布时间:2020-10-09
最近,有小伙伴在询问最后阶段,考研英语该如何备考才最有效。最后阶段,我们应该将备考的重点放在复习和了解考试上,多去练习历年真题和模拟试题。下面,51题库考试学习网为大家带来考研初试的一些模拟试题,一起来看看吧。
The
fossil remains of the first flying vertebrates, the pterosaurs, have intrigued
paleontologists for more than two centuries. How such large creatures, which
weighed in some cases as much as a piloted hang-glider and had wingspans from 8
to 12 meters, solved the problems of powered flight, and exactly what these
creatures were — reptiles or birds — are among the questions scientists have
puzzled over.
Perhaps
the least controversial assertion about the pterosaurs is that they were
reptiles. Their skulls, pelvises, and hind feet are reptilian. The anatomy of
their wings suggests that they did not evolve into the class of birds. In
pterosaurs a greatly elongated fourth finger of each forelimb supported a
winglike membrane. The other fingers were short and reptilian, with sharpclaws.
In birds the second finger is the principal strut of the wing, which consists
primarily of feathers. If the pterosaurs walked on all fours, the three short
fingers may have been employed for grasping. When a pterosaur walked or
remained stationary, the fourth finger, and with it the wing, could only turn
upward in an extended inverted V shape along each side of the animal’s body.
The
pterosaurs resembled both birds and bats in their overall structure and
proportions. This is not surprising because the design of any flying vertebrate
is subject to aerodynamic constraints. Both the pterosaurs and the birds have
hollow bones, a feature that represents a savings in weight. In the birds,
however, these bones are reinforced more massively by internal struts.
Although
scales typically cover reptiles, the pterosaurs probably had hairy coats. T. H.
Huxley reasoned that flying vertebrates must have been warm-blooded because
flying implies a high rate of metabolism, which in turn implies a high internal
temperature. Huxley speculated that a coat of hair would insulate against loss
of body heat and might streamline the body to reduce drag in flight. The recent
discovery of a pterosaur specimen covered in long, dense, and relatively thick
hairlike fossil material was the first clear evidence that his reasoning was
correct.
Efforts
to explain how the pterosaurs became airborne have led to suggestions that they
launched themselves by jumping from cliffs, by dropping from trees, or even by
rising into light winds from the crests of waves. Each hypothesis has its
difficulties. The first wrongly assumes that the pterosaurs’ hind feet resembled a bat’s and could serve as hooks by which the
animal could hang in preparation for flight. The second hypothesis seems
unlikely because large pterosaurs could not have landed in trees without
damaging their wings. The third calls for high waves to channel updrafts. The
wind that made such waves however, might have been too strong for the
pterosaurs to control their flight once airborne.
1. It can
be inferred from the text that scientist now generally agree that the
[A]
enormous wingspan of the pterosaurs enabled them to fly great distances.
[B]
structure of the skeleton of the pterosaurs suggests a close evolutionary
relationship to bats.
[C]
fossil remains of the pterosaurs reveal how they solved the problem of powered
flight.
[D]
pterosaurs were reptiles.
2. The
author views the idea that the pterosaurs became airborne by rising into light
winds created by waves as
[A]
revolutionary.
[B]
unlikely.
[C]
unassailable.
[D]
probable.
3.
According to the text, the skeleton of a pterosaur can be distinguished from
that of a bird by the
[A] size
of its wingspan.
[B]
presence of hollow spaces in its bones.
[C]
anatomic origin of its wing strut.
[D]
presence of hooklike projections on its hind feet.
4. The
ideas attributed to T. H. Huxley in the text suggest that he would most likely
agree with which of the following statements?
[A] An
animal’s brain size has little bearing on
its ability to master complex behaviors.
[B] An
animal’s appearance is often influenced
by environmental requirements and physical capabilities.
[C]
Animals within a given family group are unlikely to change their appearance
dramatically over a period of time.
[D] The
origin of flight in vertebrates was an accidental development rather than the
outcome of specialization or adaptation.
5. Which
of the following best describes the organization of the last paragraph of the
text?
[A] New
evidence is introduced to support a traditional point of view.
[B] Three
explanations for a phenomenon are presented and each is disputed by means of
specific information.
[C] Three
hypotheses are outlined and evidence supporting each is given.
[D]
Recent discoveries are described and their implications for future study are
projected.
参考答案及解析
1.【答案】D
【考点解析】这是一道审题定位题型。该题的答案信息在第二段的第一句,根据本句的内容即可得出本题的正确答案是D。考生要加强对题干的理解和认识,并且要善于找到原文和题干相吻合之处,否则就会失去解题思路。
2.【答案】B
【考点解析】本题是一道句间关系题型。本题的答案信息在尾段的第一、二句和尾段的倒数第一、二句。从尾段的第二句
“Each hypothesis has its difficulties” (每种假设都有缺陷)可以判断:作者认为“从浪尖上伴轻风飞起”是不可能的。考生要加强对句子之间语意关系的理解。
3.【答案】C
【考点解析】本题是一道审题定位题。其答案信息在第三段。题干中问翼龙和鸟类骨骼方面的“不同”。原文第三段中涉及两者相同与不同。第三段的尾句暗示本题的正确答案是C。考生在解题时应加强审题定位的能力。
4.【答案】B
【考点解析】这是一道归纳推导题。本题的正确答案在第四段的第一、二、三句。这三句话的内容暗示本题的正确答案是B,即动物的外型通常受环境要求和生理能力的影响。考生在解题时应注意提高对原文信息的归纳推导能力。
5.【答案】B
【考点解析】本题是一道段落结构识别题。尾段的第一句对所谈现象提出了三种解释,然后针对每一种解释进行科学上的否定。可见本题的正确答案是B。考生在复习中应该加强对段落结构的识别能力。
以上就是51题库考试学习网为大家带来的全部内容,希望能给大家一些帮助。51题库考试学习网提醒:2021年考研正式报名已经开始,在预报名阶段未来得及报名的小伙伴要注意了。另外,小伙伴们如果还有其他关于考研信息的疑问,也可以留言咨询哦。
下面小编为大家准备了 研究生入学 的相关考题,供大家学习参考。
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