最后冲刺:2021年考研英语阅读模拟题(九)
发布时间:2020-10-22
目前,2021年考研初试备考时间已不足三个月,不知各位小伙伴复习的如何了?在最后阶段,我们最需要做的是了解考试,而试题练习无疑是非常不错的方法。为了帮助大家备考,51题库考试学习网在下面为大家带来考研初试的一些模拟试题,一起练起来吧。
Rewards and punishments are used in
different ways by different communities to maintain social order and preserve
cultural values.In all cultures,parents
must teach their children to avoid danger and to observe the community‘s moral precepts.Adults also condition
each other’s observance of
social norms,using methods
ranging form mild forms of censure,such as looking away when someone makes an inappropriate remark,to imprisoning or executing individuals
for behavior considered deviant or dangerous.The caning of American teenager
Michael Fay in Singapore for vandalism in 1994 brought wide media attention to
cultural differences in the application of punishment.Faced with increasing
violence at home,many Americans
endorsed Singapore‘s use
of corporal punishment to maintain social order.Was Fay’s punishment effective? Whether he
subsequently avoids vandalism is unknown,but the punishment did apparently lead to his avoidance of Singapore—which he left promptly.
The operant techniques societies use to
maintain social control vary in part with the dangers and threats that confront
them.The Gusii of Kenya,with a
history of tribal warfare,face
threats not only from outsiders but also from natural forces,including wild animals.Gusii parents tend
to rely more on punishment and fear than on rewards in conditioning appropriate
social behavior in their children.Caning,food deprivation,and
withdrawing shelter and protection are common forms of punishment.
In contrast,the Mixtecans of Juxtlahuaca,Mexico,are a highly cohesive
community,with little
internal conflict,and social norms
that encourage cooperation.Their social patterns appear adaptive,for the Mixtecans are dominated by the
nearby Spanish Mexicans,who
control the official government and many economic resources in their region.The
Mixtecans do not generally impose fines or jail sentences or use physical
punishment to deter aggression in either adults or children.Rather,they tend to rely on soothing
persuasion.Social ostracism is the most feared punishment,and social ties within the community are
very strong,so responses that
reinforce these ties are effective in maintaining social order.
In the United States,fear of social ostracism or stigma was
once a more powerful force in maintaining control over antisocial behavior,especially in small communities.Today,even imprisonment does not appear to be
an adequate deterrent to many forms of crime,especially violent crime.Although one reason is the inconsistent
application of punishment,another
may be the fact that imprisonment no longer carries the intense stigma it once
had,so that prison is
no longer as an effective punishment.
1.The best title of this passage would
be____.
[A] Crime and Punishment
[B] Reward and Punishment
[C] Social Order
2.According to the passage,what is a universal cultural norm in
maintaining social order?
[A] Children must be obedient to their
parents.
[B] People must publicly complain when
someone misbehaves.
[C] People should do their parts to ensure
that others comply with social rules.
[D] People should publicly humiliate the
wrongdoers.
3.What can be inferred from the Michael Fay
case?
[A] Many Americans were opposed to the
corporal punishment that Michael Fay received in Singapore.
[B] The American media did not pay any
attention to cultural differences until 1994.
[C] The caning was effective because
Michael Fay subsequently refrained from vandalism.
[D] Michael Fay left Singapore immediately
after the caning punishment.
4.What would a Gusii mother from Kenya most
likely do to punish her children?
[A] To stop giving them pocket money.
[B] To persuade them in a gentle way.
[C] To verbally humiliate them.
[D] To threaten to expel them from the
home.
5.The word“stigma”(in fourth
paragraph)most probably means____.
[A] irony
[B] verbal
[C] persuasion
[D] bad reputation
以上就是51题库考试学习网为大家带来的全部内容,希望能给大家一些帮助。51题库考试学习网提醒:目前2021年考研大纲已经公布,小伙伴们在复习时要注意以大纲为准哦。另外,小伙伴们如果还有其他关于考研信息的疑问,也可以留言咨询哦。
下面小编为大家准备了 研究生入学 的相关考题,供大家学习参考。
A.联合应用大剂量广谱抗生素静脉点滴
B.抗结核治疗
C.根治性肿瘤切除加术前后化疗
D.肿瘤刮除植骨术
B.血沉及PPD试验
C.胸腔穿刺
D.痰找结核菌
[分析]胸片示右侧胸腔中等量积液,患者午后有低热、盗汗、乏力、结核中毒症状,加之有干咳和右胸不适,所以临床考虑结核的可能性大。此时抽胸水可供鉴别,并且与其他各项相比意义更大。
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