考情前瞻:2021年考研英语哲学类阅读理解模拟题及答案(三)
发布时间:2020-10-11
最近,有小伙伴在询问最后阶段,考研英语该如何备考才最有效。最后阶段,我们应该将备考的重点放在复习和了解考试上,多去练习历年真题和模拟试题。下面,51题库考试学习网为大家带来考研初试的一些模拟试题,一起来看看吧。
The income-tax
deadline approaches and some taxpayers‘thoughts turn to it.Test time approaches and some students’thoughts turn to it.Temptation appears
and some spouses consider it.Nowadays,cheating is on the rise.“You want something you can‘t get by behaving within the rules,and you want it badly enough,you’ll do it regardless
of any guilt or regret,and you‘re willing to run the risk of being
caught.”That’s how Ladd Wheeler,psychology professor at the University of
Rochester in New York,defines
cheating.
Cheating represents the triumph of the“Brazen Rule”over the“Golden
Rule”,says Terry Pinkard,philosophy professor at Georgetown
University in Washington D.C.“The
Golden Rule says,‘Do unto others as
you would have them do unto you.’The
Brazen Rule says,‘Do unto others as
they would do unto you if they were in your place.’”Many experts believe cheating is on the
rise.“We‘re seeing more of the kind of person who
regards the world as a series of things to be manipulated.Whether to cheat
depends on whether it’s in
the person‘s interest.”He does,however,see
less cheating among the youngest students.
Richard Dienstbier,psychology professor at the University of
Nebraska in Lincoln,believes
that society‘s attitudes account
for much of the rise in cheating.“Twenty years
ago,if a person cheated
in college,society said:”That is extremely serious;you will be
dropped for a semester if not kicked out permanently,’“he says.”Nowadays,at the
University of Nebraska,for
example,it is the stated
policy of the College of Arts and Sciences that if a student cheats on an exam,the student must receive an‘F’on what he cheated on.That‘s nothing.If you’re
going to fail anyway,why not
cheat?“
Cheating is unethical,Pinkard says,whether it‘s massive fraud or failure to tell a store cashier you were
undercharged.“You’re treating other people merely as a
means for your own ends.You‘re
using people in ways they would not consent to.The cheater says,’Let everybody else bear the burden,and I‘ll reap the benefits.’”
Cheaters usually try to justify their
actions,says Robert Hogan,chairman of the psychology department at
the University of Tulsa in Oklahoma.“They never think it‘s their
fault.”Cheaters make
justifications because they want to feel good about themselves,adds Wheeler.“They don’t want to label themselves as a cheater.Also,they may be anticipating the possibility
of getting caught,so they work on
their excuse ahead of time.”The
most common justifications,psychologists
say,include:
“I had to do it.”
“The test was
unfair.”
“Everybody does it,and I have to cheat to get what‘s rightfully mine.”
“The government
wastes the money anyway.”
“My wife (or
husband) doesn‘t understand me,and we’ve grown apart.”
Cheating is most likely in situations where
the stakes are high and the chances of getting caught are low,says social psychologist Lynn Kahle of
the University of Oregon in Eugene.In his study,a group of freshmen were allowed to grade their own tests,while secret,pressure-sensitive paper indicated who
changed answers.To raise the pressure,students were given an extremely high score as the“average”for the test and told that those who failed would go before an
inquiring board of psychologists.About 46 percent of the male students changed
answers;among the females,about
30 percent cheated.
Everybody cheats a little,some psychologists say,while others insist that most people are
basically honest and some wouldn‘t cheat
under any circumstances.
Despite the general rise in cheating,Pinkard sees some cause for hope:“I do find among younger students a much
less tolerant attitude toward cheating.”Perhaps,he says,the upcoming generation is less spoiled
than the“baby boom”students who preceded them—and therefore less self-centered.“There seems to be a swing back in the
culture.”
1.The purpose of this passage is to____.
[A] convince the reader that cheating is
immoral
[B] discuss the varieties of and reasons
for cheating
[C] describe how cheaters cheat
[D] suggest how to curtail cheating
2.According to the passage,which of the following is TRUE?
[A] It is ethical to cheat unless money is
involved.
[B] Failure to tell a store cashier you
were undercharged is not considered cheating.
[C] There has been a general rise in
cheating.
[D] Most cheaters are college students.
3.According to the passage,with which of the following would the
author probably NOT agree?
[A] Cheating is often the result of intense
pressure.
[B] Cheating is cheating,whether on a test or on income tax forms.
[C] Cheating is widespread and society is
too tolerant.
[D] The Brazen Rule is a better rule than
the Golden Rule.
4.When a person is caught cheating,it is most likely that he____.
[A] pretends to apologize for what he has
done
[B] pretends that he has no knowledge of
what is going on
[C] ascribes his misconduct to some
external motivation
[D] denies the fact in fearful anticipation
of escaping punishment
5.Regarding the future of cheating,the author seems to be____.
[A] depressed [B] optimistic
[C] amused [D] bewildered
参考答案:
1.[B] 第一段提到了各种各样的欺骗行为;但对原因的探讨贯穿整个文章。
2.[C] 参阅最后一段第一句,从Despite the general rise in cheating看,的确存在欺骗现象不断增加的问题。
3.[D] 本文对欺骗行为进行了鞭挞,作者对鼓励欺骗的厚颜无耻原则(the Brazen Rule)持批评态度。
4.[C] 意为:将他的不良行为归因于某种外在动机。即:不承认自己内心想欺骗。参阅第五段。
5.[B] 参阅最后一段。在作者看来,在新的一代人中,欺骗行为将减少。
以上就是51题库考试学习网为大家带来的全部内容,希望能给大家一些帮助。51题库考试学习网提醒:2021年考研正式报名已经开始,在预报名阶段未来得及报名的小伙伴要注意了。另外,小伙伴们如果还有其他关于考研信息的疑问,也可以留言咨询哦。
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