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共用题干
第三篇
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that it is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous."
"Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,"researchers say,"is the complexity of the day." Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program."In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition."
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a page read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate."
第三篇
Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that it is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.
The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous."
"Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,"researchers say,"is the complexity of the day." Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program."In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition."
To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a page read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate."
People in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night because they had__________.
A:no drive and ambition
B:no electric lighting
C:the best sleep habits
D:a lot to do the next day
A:no drive and ambition
B:no electric lighting
C:the best sleep habits
D:a lot to do the next day
参考答案
参考解析
解析：细节题。答案相关句在第二段第三句："The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.”由此可知，以前夜晚一片漆黑，人们没有事做，因而那时的人们养成了最佳睡眠的习惯。本段首句提到了睡眠不足是因为电灯泡的发明，可推知十八九世纪的人因为没有照明，导致没有事情可做，因而养成了早睡觉的习惯。因此，选项B符合文意。选项A“没有精力和野心”和选项C “有最好的睡眠习惯”使用文中的只言片语进行干扰，不正确；选项D“第二天有很多事情要做”文中没有提及。
推断题。在第二段后半部分中，大卫博士提到其实在睡眠上人们在自欺欺人，只是他们没有意识到而已，并且人们认为睡6.5个小时他们完全可以应付。事实上，要确保精力充沛，他们需要7.5个小时、8个小时或更长时间的睡眠。在第三段中，大卫博士指出，每当面对工作、家人、朋友和社会的巨大压力时，很多人认为睡眠是最不重要的，是最可以有弹性的。由此不难得出结论，美国人不在乎睡眠不足的后果或对此视而不见，因此选项B 符合文意。
推断题。根据第三段内容可知，美国人往往通过减少睡眠时间的方式来处理生活中的事情，因为他们认为睡眠是最不重要的（the least expensive item)。因此，选项A 符合文意。选项B“需要更多的睡眠去应对生活压力”与文意正好相反；选项C“一天任何时候都可以用来睡觉”和选项D“充足的睡眠可以激发人的动力和野心”文中没有提及。
语义题。由最后一段第一句的put subjects through...tests可知，这些subjects要经过一些测试，由此推知，subjects即 “测试对象”。因此，选项C为正确答案。
推断题。由最后一段最后两句“We've found that if you're in sleep deficit, performance suffers…Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate.”可知，睡眠关系到人的精力和表现，因此，选项D符合文意。虽然文章在最后一段提到了睡眠不足时，瞬时记忆力会下降，但并没有说睡多了可以提高记忆力，因此选项A“大幅度提高记忆力”不正确；选项B“被其他人认为精力充沛”是对原文的曲解；选项C“维持某人的日程安排”文中并未提及。
推断题。在第二段后半部分中，大卫博士提到其实在睡眠上人们在自欺欺人，只是他们没有意识到而已，并且人们认为睡6.5个小时他们完全可以应付。事实上，要确保精力充沛，他们需要7.5个小时、8个小时或更长时间的睡眠。在第三段中，大卫博士指出，每当面对工作、家人、朋友和社会的巨大压力时，很多人认为睡眠是最不重要的，是最可以有弹性的。由此不难得出结论，美国人不在乎睡眠不足的后果或对此视而不见，因此选项B 符合文意。
推断题。根据第三段内容可知，美国人往往通过减少睡眠时间的方式来处理生活中的事情，因为他们认为睡眠是最不重要的（the least expensive item)。因此，选项A 符合文意。选项B“需要更多的睡眠去应对生活压力”与文意正好相反；选项C“一天任何时候都可以用来睡觉”和选项D“充足的睡眠可以激发人的动力和野心”文中没有提及。
语义题。由最后一段第一句的put subjects through...tests可知，这些subjects要经过一些测试，由此推知，subjects即 “测试对象”。因此，选项C为正确答案。
推断题。由最后一段最后两句“We've found that if you're in sleep deficit, performance suffers…Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate.”可知，睡眠关系到人的精力和表现，因此，选项D符合文意。虽然文章在最后一段提到了睡眠不足时，瞬时记忆力会下降，但并没有说睡多了可以提高记忆力，因此选项A“大幅度提高记忆力”不正确；选项B“被其他人认为精力充沛”是对原文的曲解；选项C“维持某人的日程安排”文中并未提及。
更多 “共用题干 第三篇Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that it is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous.""Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,"researchers say,"is the complexity of the day." Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program."In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition."To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a page read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate."People in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night because they had__________.A:no drive and ambitionB:no electric lightingC:the best sleep habitsD:a lot to do the next day” 相关考题
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共用题干
第二篇Sleep DeficitJudging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流 行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit (睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scien- tists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5,eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous.Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5hours' sleep.If you'ye got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho- logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier."We'ye found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."The word"subjects"(Line 1,Para 4)refers to_________. A:the performance tests used in the study of sleep deficit B:special branches of knowledge that are being studied C:people whose behavior or reactions are being studied D:the psycological consequences of sleep deficit
考题
共用题干
Sleep DeficitJudging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr.David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit（睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr.David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous."Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5;5 hours, sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho-logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr.David."Short-term memory is weakened,as arc abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."People in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night because they had______.A:no drive and ambition B:the best sleep habitsC:no electric light D:nothing to do in the evening
考题
共用题干
Sleep DeficitJudging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr.David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit（睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr.David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous."Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5;5 hours, sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho-logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr.David."Short-term memory is weakened,as arc abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."The word"subjects"(Line 1,Para 4)refers to______.A:the performance tests used in the study of sleep deficitB:special branches of knowledge that are being studiedC:people whose behavior or reactions are being studiedD:the psychological consequences of sleep deficit
考题
共用题干
第二篇Sleep DeficitJudging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流 行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit (睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scien- tists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5,eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous.Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5hours' sleep.If you'ye got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho- logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier."We'ye found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."Many Americans believe that________.A:sleep is the first thing that can be sacrificed when one is busyB:they need more sleep to cope with the complexities of everyday lifeC:to sleep is something one can do at any time of the dayD:enough sleep promotes people's drives and ambition
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共用题干
第二篇Sleep DeficitJudging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流 行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit (睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scien- tists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5,eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous.Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5hours' sleep.If you'ye got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho- logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier."We'ye found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."People in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night because they had_______.A:no drive and ambition B:the best sleep habitsC:no electric lightD:nothing to do in the evening
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共用题干
第二篇Sleep DeficitJudging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流 行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit (睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scien- tists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5,eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous.Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5hours' sleep.If you'ye got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho- logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier."We'ye found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."According to Dr. David,Americans_________.A:are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of lifeB:often neglect the consequences of sleep deficitC:don't know how to relax themselves properlyD:can't get by on 6.5 hours of sleep
考题
共用题干
Sleep DeficitJudging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr.David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit（睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr.David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous."Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5;5 hours, sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho-logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr.David."Short-term memory is weakened,as arc abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."According to Dr.David,Americans______.A:are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of lifeB:often neglect the consequences of sleep deficitC:don't know how to relax themselves properlyD:can't get by on 6.5 hours of sleep
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共用题干
第三篇Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that it is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous.""Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,"researchers say,"is the complexity of the day." Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program."In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition."To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a page read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate."According to Dr. David,Americans___________.A: are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of lifeB:often neglect the consequences of sleep deficitC:do not know how to relax themselves properlyD:can get by on 6.5 hours of sleep
考题
共用题干
第三篇Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that it is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous.""Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,"researchers say,"is the complexity of the day." Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program."In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition."To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a page read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate."The word"subjects"(line 1,Para.4)refers to__________.A:the performance tests used in the study of sleep deficitB:special branches of knowledge that are being studiedC:people whose behaviors or reactions are being studiedD:the psychological consequences of sleep deficit
考题
共用题干
第二篇Sleep DeficitJudging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流 行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit (睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scien- tists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5,eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous.Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5hours' sleep.If you'ye got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho- logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier."We'ye found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."It can be infered from this passage that one should sleep as many hours as is necessary to_________.A:improve one’s memory dramaticallyB:be considered dynamic by other peopleC:maintain one’s daily scheduleD:feel energetic and perform adequately
考题
共用题干
Sleep DeficitJudging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr.David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit（睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr.David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous."Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5;5 hours, sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho-logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr.David."Short-term memory is weakened,as arc abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."Many Americans believe that______.A:sleep is the first thing that can be sacrificed when one is busy B:they need more sleep to cope with the complexities of everyday lifeC:to sleep is something one can do at any time of the dayD:enough sleep promotes people's drives and ambition
考题
共用题干
Sleep DeficitJudging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流行病）of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr.David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit（睡眠不足）crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night."The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark."By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake up to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr.David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous."Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,researchers say,is the complexity of the day.Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his programme.In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5;5 hours, sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition.To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psycho-logical and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr.David."Short-term memory is weakened,as arc abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."It can be inferred from this passage that one should sleep as many hours as is necessary to______.A:improve one,S memory dramaticallyB:be considered dynamic by other peopleC:maintain one's daily scheduleD:feel energetic and perform adequately
考题
共用题干
第三篇Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that it is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous.""Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,"researchers say,"is the complexity of the day." Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program."In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition."To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a page read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate."Many Americans believe that__________.A:sleep is the first thing that can be sacrificed when one is busyB:they need more sleep to cope with the complexities of everyday lifeC:to sleep is something one can do at any time of the dayD:enough sleep promotes people's drive and ambition
考题
共用题干
第三篇Judging from recent surveys,most experts in sleep behavior agree that it is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation."I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,"says Dr. David.Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago.From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries,sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us,when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm,and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s,that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically,to between 7.5 and 8 hours,and most people had to wake to an alarm clock."People cheat on their sleep,and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David."They think they're okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours,when they really need 7.5,8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous.""Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep,"researchers say,"is the complexity of the day." Whenever pressures from work,family,friends and community mount,many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program."In our society,you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5.5 hours' sleep.If you've got to get 8.5 hours,people think you lack drive and ambition."To determine the consequences of sleep deficit,researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them,for instance,to add columns of numbers or recall a page read to them only minutes earlier."We've found that if you're in sleep deficit,performance suffers,"says Dr. David."Short-term memory is weakened,as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate."It can be concluded from the passage that one should sleep as many hours as is necessary to________.A:improve one's memory dramaticallyB:be considered dynamic by other peopleC:maintain one's daily scheduleD:feel energetic and perform adequately
考题
It's no secret that most of us don't get enough sleep and suffer for it.If you're between the ages of 16 and 64,1 don't get seven to nine hours ofsleep per night,your logical 2,executive function,attention,and mood can be impaired.3,severe sleep deprivation can lead to depression,anxiety,and 4 ofparanoia（妄想症）.In the long run,sleep deprivation is a main 5 to the nsk ofdementia and Alzheimer's disease.6,one group that doesn't need to heed these warnings i.s executives.In our 7 of 35,000 leaders and interviews with 250 more,we found that the more seruor a person's 8 is,the more sleep they get.There are tw0 9 explanations for this.Either senior executives,with the help of_10 and hard-working middle managers,do less and take more time for sleep.Or senior executives have had the 11 and discipline throughout their career to get enough sleep and 12 maintain a high performance level without 13.Our conclusion is that the latter is the 14."Sleep has always been foundational for my performance,"Cees't Hart,president and CEO of Carlsberg Group,shared with us."And 15 to perform in a way that is required by my current job,I need seven hours of sleep,every night.Of course,with 16 travel and work commitments,sometimes this is 17,and when that happens,it comes with a cost.When I sleep less,I perform less."18,our data found that 68%ofnon-executive leaders get five to seven hours of sleep per night.When there are not enough hours in the day,they 19 some from the night.Many leaders stay up late to catch up on email or other tasks.According to our research,this tendency is widespread,20 gender.11选？A.knowledge
B.intrigue
C.wisdom
D.talent
考题
It's no secret that most of us don't get enough sleep and suffer for it.If you're between the ages of 16 and 64,1 don't get seven to nine hours ofsleep per night,your logical 2,executive function,attention,and mood can be impaired.3,severe sleep deprivation can lead to depression,anxiety,and 4 ofparanoia（妄想症）.In the long run,sleep deprivation is a main 5 to the nsk ofdementia and Alzheimer's disease.6,one group that doesn't need to heed these warnings i.s executives.In our 7 of 35,000 leaders and interviews with 250 more,we found that the more seruor a person's 8 is,the more sleep they get.There are tw0 9 explanations for this.Either senior executives,with the help of_10 and hard-working middle managers,do less and take more time for sleep.Or senior executives have had the 11 and discipline throughout their career to get enough sleep and 12 maintain a high performance level without 13.Our conclusion is that the latter is the 14."Sleep has always been foundational for my performance,"Cees't Hart,president and CEO of Carlsberg Group,shared with us."And 15 to perform in a way that is required by my current job,I need seven hours of sleep,every night.Of course,with 16 travel and work commitments,sometimes this is 17,and when that happens,it comes with a cost.When I sleep less,I perform less."18,our data found that 68%ofnon-executive leaders get five to seven hours of sleep per night.When there are not enough hours in the day,they 19 some from the night.Many leaders stay up late to catch up on email or other tasks.According to our research,this tendency is widespread,20 gender.15选？A.eventually
B.similarly
C.especially
D.virtually
考题
Power Napping is Good f the I.Q.
Today we hear me me about the imptance of getting enoughsleep—about eight hours a night. Sleep can help heal give energy toboth the body the brain. ____1____ It seems almost certain that the thirdof our lives that we spend asleep has a great effect on the two-thirds that weare awake. Sleep affects our emotions, memy, focus, behavi.
Studies show that people in developed countries spend less timeasleep me time at wk commuting. Dr. Karine Spiegel, at theUniversity of Chicago, has found that the average length of sleep has gone downfrom nine hours a night in 1910 to seven--a-half hours a night today.However, our bodies cannot function well without enough sleep. ____2____Accding to Canadian scientist Dr. Stanley Cen, every hour of lost sleep at nightcauses us to lose one I.Q. point the next day. F example, when someone getsonly five six hours of sleep each night f a week, the person’s I.Q. couldgo down 15 points me. ____3____
Most sleep experts say that humans need at least eight hours ofsleep every day, but it should be in two stages: a long sleep at night ashter nap in the afternoon. Some companies help their employees follow thisadvice. ____4____ They say this makes the wkers much me efficient.
To study sleep deprivation (not getting enough sleep), scientistsuse a test called the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT). During the test, aperson stays in a darkened, quiet room during the daytime. Scientists believethat a sleep-deprived person will fall asleep quickly. If it takes ten minutes longer to fall asleep, the person is probably getting enough sleep.
Scientists have also found that the time of year seems to affect howmuch sleep we need. ____5____ However, in the summer, people sometimes sleep aslittle as six hours, without having any problems.
词汇：
emotion n. 情绪
commuting n. 乘公交车上下班，通勤
I.Q. n. 智商(全称为intelligent quotient)
deprivation n. 剥夺，匮乏
Sleep Latency Test n. 睡眠潜伏期
注释：
1.have/has an effect on... 对……有效果的
2.go down from... to...从………降至……
练习：
A.They allow them to “power nap” in the afternoon, if only f 20 minutes.
B.Losing just one two hours of sleep a night, over a long period oftime, can cause serious health problems.
C.People usually sleep longer in the winter, sometimes as much as 14hours a night.
D.People in power are me intelligent because they take naps.
E.Medical experts now believe that sleep is even me imptant fhealth than diet exercise.
F.That’s why, without enough sleep, a nmally intelligent person may startto have difficulty doing daily tasks.
考题
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SleepingPeople who sleep for more than eight hours a night do not live as long as those who sleep for six hours,according to the biggest study yet into sleep patterns and mortality（死亡率）.Scientists have no explanation for the findings and do not know if they mean people who like a lie-in（睡懒觉）can extend their lives by sleeping less.Although it is a common belief that sleeping for at least eight hours a night is vital forhealth and well-being,the six-year study involving more than 1.1 million Americans older than 30 found that those who slept for less than eight hours were far from doing themselves any long-term harm."Individuals who now average 6.5 hours of sleep a night can be reassured that this is a safe amount of sleep.From a health standpoint,there is no reason to sleep longer,"said Daniel Kripke , a professor of psychiatry（精神病学）at the University of California, San Diego.Dr. Kripke said,"We don't know if long sleep periods lead to death.Additional studies are needed to determine if setting your alarm clock earlier will actually improve your health."The scientists,who were funded by the American Cancer Society,found that the best survival rates were among the men and women who slept for seven hours a night.Those who slept for eight hours were 12 per cent more likely to die during the six-year period of the study,when other factors such as diet and smoking were taken into account.Even those who spent a mere five hours a night in bed lived longer than those who slept eight or more hours.However,an increasing death rate was found among those who slept for less than five hours.Dr. Kripke said,"Previous sleep studies have indicated that both short-and long-duration （持续时间）sleep had higher mortality rates. However, none of those studies were large enough to distinguish the difference between seven and eight hours a night,until now." Most of the participants slept for 7 hours a night during the study.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
考题
共用题干
SleepingPeople who sleep for more than eight hours a night do not live as long as those who sleep for six hours,according to the biggest study yet into sleep patterns and mortality（死亡率）.Scientists have no explanation for the findings and do not know if they mean people who like a lie-in（睡懒觉）can extend their lives by sleeping less.Although it is a common belief that sleeping for at least eight hours a night is vital forhealth and well-being,the six-year study involving more than 1.1 million Americans older than 30 found that those who slept for less than eight hours were far from doing themselves any long-term harm."Individuals who now average 6.5 hours of sleep a night can be reassured that this is a safe amount of sleep.From a health standpoint,there is no reason to sleep longer,"said Daniel Kripke , a professor of psychiatry（精神病学）at the University of California, San Diego.Dr. Kripke said,"We don't know if long sleep periods lead to death.Additional studies are needed to determine if setting your alarm clock earlier will actually improve your health."The scientists,who were funded by the American Cancer Society,found that the best survival rates were among the men and women who slept for seven hours a night.Those who slept for eight hours were 12 per cent more likely to die during the six-year period of the study,when other factors such as diet and smoking were taken into account.Even those who spent a mere five hours a night in bed lived longer than those who slept eight or more hours.However,an increasing death rate was found among those who slept for less than five hours.Dr. Kripke said,"Previous sleep studies have indicated that both short-and long-duration （持续时间）sleep had higher mortality rates. However, none of those studies were large enough to distinguish the difference between seven and eight hours a night,until now." The findings indicate that it is all right to sleep for 6.5 hours a night.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
考题
共用题干
SleepingPeople who sleep for more than eight hours a night do not live as long as those who sleep for six hours,according to the biggest study yet into sleep patterns and mortality（死亡率）.Scientists have no explanation for the findings and do not know if they mean people who like a lie-in（睡懒觉）can extend their lives by sleeping less.Although it is a common belief that sleeping for at least eight hours a night is vital forhealth and well-being,the six-year study involving more than 1.1 million Americans older than 30 found that those who slept for less than eight hours were far from doing themselves any long-term harm."Individuals who now average 6.5 hours of sleep a night can be reassured that this is a safe amount of sleep.From a health standpoint,there is no reason to sleep longer,"said Daniel Kripke , a professor of psychiatry（精神病学）at the University of California, San Diego.Dr. Kripke said,"We don't know if long sleep periods lead to death.Additional studies are needed to determine if setting your alarm clock earlier will actually improve your health."The scientists,who were funded by the American Cancer Society,found that the best survival rates were among the men and women who slept for seven hours a night.Those who slept for eight hours were 12 per cent more likely to die during the six-year period of the study,when other factors such as diet and smoking were taken into account.Even those who spent a mere five hours a night in bed lived longer than those who slept eight or more hours.However,an increasing death rate was found among those who slept for less than five hours.Dr. Kripke said,"Previous sleep studies have indicated that both short-and long-duration （持续时间）sleep had higher mortality rates. However, none of those studies were large enough to distinguish the difference between seven and eight hours a night,until now." Sleeping for less than 5 hours each night is better than sleeping for 5 hours.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
考题
共用题干
SleepingPeople who sleep for more than eight hours a night do not live as long as those who sleep for six hours,according to the biggest study yet into sleep patterns and mortality（死亡率）.Scientists have no explanation for the findings and do not know if they mean people who like a lie-in（睡懒觉）can extend their lives by sleeping less.Although it is a common belief that sleeping for at least eight hours a night is vital forhealth and well-being,the six-year study involving more than 1.1 million Americans older than 30 found that those who slept for less than eight hours were far from doing themselves any long-term harm."Individuals who now average 6.5 hours of sleep a night can be reassured that this is a safe amount of sleep.From a health standpoint,there is no reason to sleep longer,"said Daniel Kripke , a professor of psychiatry（精神病学）at the University of California, San Diego.Dr. Kripke said,"We don't know if long sleep periods lead to death.Additional studies are needed to determine if setting your alarm clock earlier will actually improve your health."The scientists,who were funded by the American Cancer Society,found that the best survival rates were among the men and women who slept for seven hours a night.Those who slept for eight hours were 12 per cent more likely to die during the six-year period of the study,when other factors such as diet and smoking were taken into account.Even those who spent a mere five hours a night in bed lived longer than those who slept eight or more hours.However,an increasing death rate was found among those who slept for less than five hours.Dr. Kripke said,"Previous sleep studies have indicated that both short-and long-duration （持续时间）sleep had higher mortality rates. However, none of those studies were large enough to distinguish the difference between seven and eight hours a night,until now." The study shows that the longer you sleep each night,the longer you'll live.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
考题
共用题干
SleepingPeople who sleep for more than eight hours a night do not live as long as those who sleep for six hours,according to the biggest study yet into sleep patterns and mortality（死亡率）.Scientists have no explanation for the findings and do not know if they mean people who like a lie-in（睡懒觉）can extend their lives by sleeping less.Although it is a common belief that sleeping for at least eight hours a night is vital forhealth and well-being,the six-year study involving more than 1.1 million Americans older than 30 found that those who slept for less than eight hours were far from doing themselves any long-term harm."Individuals who now average 6.5 hours of sleep a night can be reassured that this is a safe amount of sleep.From a health standpoint,there is no reason to sleep longer,"said Daniel Kripke , a professor of psychiatry（精神病学）at the University of California, San Diego.Dr. Kripke said,"We don't know if long sleep periods lead to death.Additional studies are needed to determine if setting your alarm clock earlier will actually improve your health."The scientists,who were funded by the American Cancer Society,found that the best survival rates were among the men and women who slept for seven hours a night.Those who slept for eight hours were 12 per cent more likely to die during the six-year period of the study,when other factors such as diet and smoking were taken into account.Even those who spent a mere five hours a night in bed lived longer than those who slept eight or more hours.However,an increasing death rate was found among those who slept for less than five hours.Dr. Kripke said,"Previous sleep studies have indicated that both short-and long-duration （持续时间）sleep had higher mortality rates. However, none of those studies were large enough to distinguish the difference between seven and eight hours a night,until now." More than one million Americans participated in the six-year study.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
考题
共用题干
SleepingPeople who sleep for more than eight hours a night do not live as long as those who sleep for six hours,according to the biggest study yet into sleep patterns and mortality（死亡率）.Scientists have no explanation for the findings and do not know if they mean people who like a lie-in（睡懒觉）can extend their lives by sleeping less.Although it is a common belief that sleeping for at least eight hours a night is vital forhealth and well-being,the six-year study involving more than 1.1 million Americans older than 30 found that those who slept for less than eight hours were far from doing themselves any long-term harm."Individuals who now average 6.5 hours of sleep a night can be reassured that this is a safe amount of sleep.From a health standpoint,there is no reason to sleep longer,"said Daniel Kripke , a professor of psychiatry（精神病学）at the University of California, San Diego.Dr. Kripke said,"We don't know if long sleep periods lead to death.Additional studies are needed to determine if setting your alarm clock earlier will actually improve your health."The scientists,who were funded by the American Cancer Society,found that the best survival rates were among the men and women who slept for seven hours a night.Those who slept for eight hours were 12 per cent more likely to die during the six-year period of the study,when other factors such as diet and smoking were taken into account.Even those who spent a mere five hours a night in bed lived longer than those who slept eight or more hours.However,an increasing death rate was found among those who slept for less than five hours.Dr. Kripke said,"Previous sleep studies have indicated that both short-and long-duration （持续时间）sleep had higher mortality rates. However, none of those studies were large enough to distinguish the difference between seven and eight hours a night,until now." All the participants were from the state of California.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
考题
单选题I can’t agree with my Mum. I think that such an old-fashioned dress can’t cost a ______. She says 100 pounds is a real ______.A
lot of money; luck B
bargain; luckC
fortune; bargainD
big sum; fortune
考题
单选题Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A
We will be in trouble if our fat cells become less responsive to insulin.B
More and more studies are done to study the link between sleep and weight.C
More than 20％ of Americans are not getting enough sleep.D
Fat cells are there to help us maintain a good health.
考题
单选题In the last paragraph the author points out that ______.A
sleeping less is good for human healthB
people ought to be persuaded to sleep less than beforeC
it is incorrect to say that people sleep too littleD
those who can sleep less should be encouraged
考题
单选题Surveys show that ______ less sleep than we think, ______ too much sleep could even harm our health.A
not only do we need, but thatB
not only we need, but alsoC
not only we need, but thatD
not only do we need, but also
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