提分必备：2021年考研初试政治模拟试题(2020-09-17)

The information commissioner gave Facebook a rap over the knuckles earlier this month,putting the company on notice of likely fines-the equivalent of a few minutes'revenue-for breaches of privacy.On Wednesday the European commission gave Google a vigorous correction,fining it￠4.3 billion for abusing its market dominance with the AndrOJd operating system which powers the overwhelming majority of the world's mobile phones.Google is appealing.The billions of euros at stake aside,it is easy to see why.Google gives most of Android away,not only to the consumers who use it,but to the companies that build their phones around it.As the company points out,there are more than 24,000 competing Android phones available today,from 1,300 companies.How can that possibly constitute a harmful monopoly?Besides,Google has real competition in the smartphone world from Apple.At the same time,these are exactly the factors that make the commission's decision so interesLing and significant.For Google's business to work,it must become as easy as possible for advertisers to reach users.That is the purpose of all the software that Google gives away,from the Android operating system,through to YouTube,Google search on phones and the Chrome browser.This might look like a cross-subsidy,but on the other hand it is the heart of the company's business.The software that Google gives away is not designed to make a profit on its own.This free version does not include the bits that make a phone useful for anything but making telephone calls,and this was the weak spot in Google's defence.None of the enticements-the mail,the search,the maps and the browser-are included.These can only be used with a proprietary chunk of software that Google controls;and manufacturers who want to use the Play store and 11 crucial Google apps must agree not to build so much as a single phone that does not include them.It is all or nothing.This licensing trick is the way in which Google has undoubtedly limited competition.The commission's decision to punish it probably comes too late to undo the damage it has done.All digital businesses tend towards a monopoly,and this is in part because in some important ways they benefit consumers more the larger they grow.Yet as customers we pay for this in other ways and as citizens even more so,not least because the companies fattened by monopoly profits grow too large to fail and too powerful to challenge.There is a public interest in preventing any company from acquiring almost unlimited power.Regulation defends democracy.
The author's attitude toward the commcssion's decision is

A.cautious.
B.ambiguous.
C.sarcastic.
D.supportive.

生产商品的具体劳动和抽象劳动是（　　）
A.生产商品的两次不同劳动
B.生产同一商品的两个劳动过程
C.生产商品的同一劳动过程的两个方面
D.不同劳动过程中的两个方面

男性，50岁，因气急伴腹胀半年，近一周症状加重入院。体检：气急，半卧位，颈静脉怒张，心界不大，心尖搏动不明显。心率105次/分，律齐。心音低钝，各瓣膜区无杂音。两肺底有少量啰音。腹膨隆，肝肋下4指，有压痛，肝颈回流征阳性。腹水征（+），下肢不肿，血压100/80mmHg，心电图示低电压胸导T波低平。最可能的诊断是

A.肝硬化腹水
B.扩张型心肌病
C.限制型心肌病
D.缩窄性心包炎

在 Black- Scholes期权定价模型的参数估计中,最难估计的变量是

A.执行价格X
B.连续复利的无风险利率
C.标的资产波动率
D.期权的到期时间T