【T4】

A.HANDLE

B.ON

C.CONTINUED TO A.THE TREND WAS NATURALLY MOST OBVIOUS IN THOSE AREAS OF SCIENCE BASED ESPECIALLY【T1】______A MATHEMATICAL OR LABORATORY TRAINING

B.AMATEURS, ON THE OTHER HAND, HAVE【T2】______PURSUE LOCAL STUDIES

C.ONE MAN COULD CONTINUE TO【T3】______THE INFORMATION SPECIALIZATION CAN BE SEEN AS A RESPONSE TO THE PROBLEM OF AN INCREASING ACCUMULATION OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDG

E.BY SPLITTING UP THE SUBJECT MATTER INTO SMALLER UNITS,【T4】_____AND USE IT AS THE BASIS FOR FURTHER RESEARC

H.BUT SPECIALIZATION WAS ONLY ONEOF A SERIES OF RELATED DEVELOPMENTS IN SCIENCE AFFECTING THE PROCESS OF COMMUNICATIO

N.ANOTHER WAS THE GROWING PROFESSIONALISATION OF SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY. NO CLEAR-CUT DISTINCTION CAN BE DRAWN BETWEEN PROFESSIONALS AND AMATEURS IN SCIENCE:EXCEPTIONS CAN BE FOUND TO ANY RUL

E.NEVERTHELESS, THE WORD "AMATEUR" DOES CARRY A CONNOTATION THAT THE PERSON CONCERNED IS NOT FULLY INTEGRATED INTO THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY AND, IN PARTICULAR, MAY NOT FULLY SHARE ITS VALUES.THE GROWTH OF SPECIALIZATION IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY, WITH ITS CONSEQUENT REQUIREMENT OF A LONGER, MORE COMPLEX TRAINING, IMPLIED GREATER PROBLEMS FOR AMATEUR PARTICIPATION IN SCIENC

E.【T5】______, AND CAN BE ILLUSTRATED IN TERMS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEOLOGY IN THE UNITED KINGDO

M. A COMPARISON OF BRITISH GEOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS OVER THE LAST CENTURY AND A HALF REVEALS NOT SIMPLY AN INCREASING EMPHASIS ON THE PRIMACY OF RESEARCH, BUT ALSO A CHANGING DEFINITION OF WHAT CONSTITUTES AN ACCEPTABLE RESEARCH PAPER.THUS, IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY, LOCAL GEOLOGICAL STUDIES REPRESENTED WORTHWHILE RESEARCH IN THEIR OWN RIGHT; BUT, IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY,LOCAL STUDIES HAVE INCREASINGLY BECOME ACCEPTABLE TO PROFESSIONALS ONLY IFTHEY INCORPORATE, AND REFLECT ON, THE WIDER GEOLOGICAL PICTUR

E.【T6】______ IN THEOLD WAY.THE OVERALL RESULT HAS BEEN TO MAKE ENTRANCE TO PROFESSIONAL GEOLOGICAL JOURNALS HARDER FOR AMATEURS, A RESULT THAT HAS BEEN REINFORCED BY THE WIDESPREAD INTRODUCTION OF REFEREEING, FIRST BY NATIONAL JOURNALS IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY AND THEN BY SEVERAL LOCAL GEOLOGICAL JOURNALS IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.AS A LOGICAL CONSEQUENCE OF THIS DEVELOPMENT, SEPARATE JOURNALS HAVE NOW APPEARED AIMED MAINLY TOWARDS EITHER PROFESSIONAL OR AMATEUR READERSHIP.A RATHER SIMILAR PROCESS OF DIFFERENTIATION HAS LED TO PROFESSIONAL GEOLOGISTS COMING TOGETHER NATIONALLY WITHIN ONE OR TWO SPECIFIC SOCIETIES, WHEREAS THE AMATEURS HAVE TENDED EITHER TO REMAIN IN LOCAL SOCIETIES OR TO COME TOGETHER NATIONALLY IN A DIFFERENT WAY.

【T18】

A.TEND TO

B.CONSIDERED

C.ARISE

D.THINK OF A.IT MAY BE【T13】______FOOLISH

B.MISUNDERSTANDINGS【T14】______BETWEEN PEOPLE FROM CULTURES

C.NO ONE WOULD【T15】______KEEPING A BUSINESS FRIEND

D.GUESTS【T16】______FEEL THEY ARE NOT HIGHLY REGARDED IN SOCIAL LIFE, TIME PLAYS A VERY IMPORTANT PART.IN THE U.S.A.【T17】______IF THE INVITATION TO A DINNER PARTY IS EXTENDED ONLY THREE OR FOUR DAYS BEFORE THE PARTY DAT

E.BUT IT IS NOT TRUE IN ALL COUNTRIES.IN OTHER AREAS OF THE WORLD【T18】______TO MAKE AN APPOINTMENT TOO FAR IN ADVANCE BECAUSE PLANS WHICH ARE MADE FOR A DATE MORE THAN A WEEK AWAY TEND TO BE FORGOTTE

N.THE MEANING OF TIME DIFFERS IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORL

D.THUS,【T19】______THAT TREAT TIME DIFFERENTLY; PROMPTNESS IS VALUED HIGHLY IN AMERICAN LIFE, FOR EXAMPL

E.IF PEOPLE ARE NOT PROMPT, THEY MAY BE REGARDED AS IMPOLITE OR NOT FULLY RESPONSIBL

E.IN THE U.S.【T20】______WAITING FOR AN HOUR; IT WOULD BE TOO IMPOLIT

E.

【T7】

A.DEFENDING

B.UP

C.COPE A.KEEP LIVING【T7】______TO THAT IMAGE

B.IF YOU CAN【T8】______WITH THREE DAYS RUNNING

C.WAYS OF【T9】______AN IDEA WHAT YOU DESCRIBE IS A HABIT OF LYING THAT IS MORE SERIOUS THAN THIS.I SUSPECT THAT THELIES YOU TELL ARE【T10】______YOU HAVE OF YOUR OWN WORT

H.PEOPLE WHO HAVE DOUBTS ABOUTTHEIR OWN SELF-ESTEEM OFTEN WORRY THAT OTHERS WILL JUDGE THEM AS HARSHLY AS THEY FEEL THEY DESERVE BECAUSE OF A SECRET IDEA THAT THEY ARE PRETTY WORTHLESS.IN OTHER WORDS, THEY CREATE A FALSE PICTURE OF THEMSELVES, A PICTURE OF SOMEONE WHO MEETS ALL THE EXPECTATIONS THEY THINK OTHERS HAVE OF THEM, AND AS YOU SAY, THAT CAUSES PROBLEMS—SINCE THEY HAVE TO【T11】______.AT THE SAME TIME, THEY HAVE TO TELL FURTHER LIE TO COVER THE STORIES THEY HAVE ALREADY TOL

D.ACCORDING TO SOME AUTHORITIES, THIS IS PARTICULARLY AMONG WOMEN ESPECIALLY THOSE WHO HAVE FEW OPPORTUNITIES TO DEVELOP AN ADEQUATE SENSE OF SELF-WORT

H. I SUGGEST YOU GIVE YOURSELF ONE DAY DURING WHICH YOU STICK SOLIDLY TO THE TRUTH ABOUT YOURSEL

F.GIVE YOURSELF A SMALL TREAT AT THE END OF THE DAY IF YOU HAVE MANAGED TO KEEP IT UP.WAIT A WEEK AND THEN TRY IT AGAI

N.ONCE YOU HAVE ACHIEVED THREE SEPARATE LIE-FREE DAYS,SEE【T12】______, THEN EXTEND IT TO A WHOLE WEE

K.DON"T MAKE A PROMISE TO YOURSELF THATYOU WILL NEVER LIE AGAIN BECAUSE ALMOST CERTAINLY YOU WILL—IT"S TOO MUCH TO TAKE ON AT ONC

E.TRY TO CHANGE THINGS LITTLE BY LITTLE, BY SETTING YOURSELF MANAGEABLE TARGETS.AFTER A WHILE, YOU"LL WONDER WHY YOU EVER HAD THE PROBLEM AT ALL.

【T19】

A.DROP OUT

B.FOR YOUR SOCIETY

C.TAKE EFFECT

D.THE LAUNCHING PAD A.THE FAMOUS LAW OF DIMINISHING RETURNS BEGINS TO【T13】______

B.YOU ARE ON【T14】______

C.YOU CAN SUCCESSFULLY【T15】______IN GRADE SCHOOL

D.PROVIDE MANPOWER【T16】______ WHEN THEY ADVISE YOUR KIDS TO "GET AN EDUCATION" IF YOU WANT TO RAISE YOUR INCOME, THEY TELL YOU ONLY HALF THE TRUT

H.WHAT THEY REALLY MEAN IS TO GET JUST ENOUGH EDUCATION TO【T17】______, BUT NOT TOO MUCH THAT YOU PROVE AN EMBARRASSMENT TO YOUR SOCIETY.GET A HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA,AT LEAST.WITHOUT THAT,YOU ARE OCCUPATIONALLY DEAD,UNLESS YOUR NAME HAPPENS TO BE GEORGE BERNARD SHAW OR THOMAS ALVA EDISON AND【T18】______.GET A COLLEGE DEGREE, IF POSSIBL

E.WITH A

B.A.,【T19】______.BUT NOW YOU HAVE TO START TO PUT ON THE BRAKES.IF YOU GO FOR A MASTER"S DEGREE, MAKE SURE IT IS AN

M.

B.A., AND ONLY FROM A FIRST-RATE UNIVERSITY.BEYOND THIS,【T20】______.

【T3】

A. DEPENDS

B.ESSENTIAL

C.DISCOURAGED A.THE CHILD GETS【T1】______

B.THIS【T2】______ON INTERACTION

C.IS【T3】______TO THE GROWTH BUT SPEECH HAS TO BE INDUCED, AND【T4】______BETWEEN THE MOTHER AND THE CHILD,WHERE THE MOTHER RECOGNIZES THE SIGNALS IN THE CHILD"S BABBLING, GRASPING AND SMILING,AND RESPONDS TO THE

M.INSENSITIVITY OF THE MOTHER TO THESE SIGNALS DULLS THE INTERACTION BECAUSE【T5】______AND SENDS OUT ONLY THE OBVIOUS SIGNALS.SENSITIVITY TO THE CHILD"S NON-VERBAL SIGNALS【T6】______AND DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAG

E.

The challenge that newspapers faced from the website is______.

A．the display ads and the classified ads

B．the classified ads and the small text-ads

C．the small text-ads that appear alongside search engines

D．the localization of website and more elaborate service