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Australia has very strict laws relating to the importation and possession of certain goods. Food, plant material and animal products from overseas, including many common souvenirs, could introduce some of the world′s most serious pests and diseases into Australia. Failing to declare quarantine items (需要检疫的物品) on arrival could destroy our agriculture, tourism industries and special environment.
Every piece of luggage will be screened orx-rayed on arrival in Australia. So you must declare for inspection of all food, plant material and animal products to check that they are free of pest sand diseases.
You must tick YES on the InformingPassenger Card (IPC) to declare if you are carrying any food, plant material oranimal products. In signing the IPC, passengers who are making a legal declaration and failing to answer all questions truth fully can have serious consequences.
If you fail to declare or dispose of (处理) any quarantine items, or make a false declaration:
* you will get caught;
* you could be fined over A $ 200on-the-spot; or you could be prosecuted and fined more than A $ 60,000 and riskup to 10 years imprisonment;
If you are not sure about the items you are carrying, ask a quarantine officer who will determine whether they are allowed into Australia.
For what purpose is the passage written?
Every piece of luggage will be screened orx-rayed on arrival in Australia. So you must declare for inspection of all food, plant material and animal products to check that they are free of pest sand diseases.
You must tick YES on the InformingPassenger Card (IPC) to declare if you are carrying any food, plant material oranimal products. In signing the IPC, passengers who are making a legal declaration and failing to answer all questions truth fully can have serious consequences.
If you fail to declare or dispose of (处理) any quarantine items, or make a false declaration:
* you will get caught;
* you could be fined over A $ 200on-the-spot; or you could be prosecuted and fined more than A $ 60,000 and riskup to 10 years imprisonment;
If you are not sure about the items you are carrying, ask a quarantine officer who will determine whether they are allowed into Australia.
For what purpose is the passage written?
A.To inform the passengers of the law on the exportation of goods.
B.To warn the passengers not to take unsafe goods.
C.To tell the passengers to Australia to have their quarantine items declared.
D.To urge the passengers to protect the agriculture, tourism and environment.
B.To warn the passengers not to take unsafe goods.
C.To tell the passengers to Australia to have their quarantine items declared.
D.To urge the passengers to protect the agriculture, tourism and environment.
参考答案
参考解析
解析：主旨题。本文介绍了澳大利亚为了保护当地生存环境而采取的措施：所有的食品、动植物产品都要申报，以防止病虫害的入侵，以及如果隐瞒不申报将会产生的后果。只有C项提到了去往澳大利亚的游客，与文意相符，因此C项最为合适。
更多 “Australia has very strict laws relating to the importation and possession of certain goods. Food, plant material and animal products from overseas, including many common souvenirs, could introduce some of the world′s most serious pests and diseases into Australia. Failing to declare quarantine items (需要检疫的物品) on arrival could destroy our agriculture, tourism industries and special environment. Every piece of luggage will be screened orx-rayed on arrival in Australia. So you must declare for inspection of all food, plant material and animal products to check that they are free of pest sand diseases. You must tick YES on the InformingPassenger Card (IPC) to declare if you are carrying any food, plant material oranimal products. In signing the IPC, passengers who are making a legal declaration and failing to answer all questions truth fully can have serious consequences. If you fail to declare or dispose of (处理) any quarantine items, or make a false declaration: * you will get caught; * you could be fined over A $ 200on-the-spot; or you could be prosecuted and fined more than A $ 60,000 and riskup to 10 years imprisonment; If you are not sure about the items you are carrying, ask a quarantine officer who will determine whether they are allowed into Australia. For what purpose is the passage written?A.To inform the passengers of the law on the exportation of goods. B.To warn the passengers not to take unsafe goods. C.To tell the passengers to Australia to have their quarantine items declared. D.To urge the passengers to protect the agriculture, tourism and environment. ” 相关考题
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请根据以下内容回答 60～64 题A．An organ of higher plants， usually subterranean and having several functions，including the absorption and conduction of water and dissolved minerals， food storage，and anchorage of the plant in the soil. It is distinguished from the stem by its structure，by the manner in which it is formed， and by the lack of such appendages as buds and leaves.B．It grow horizontally， as a food-storing organ， beneath the surface of the ground， and enables a plant to reproduce itself.It has nodes， buds，and tiny leaves and does not die when cut； replanted， it yields new plant.C．both A and BD．neither A nor B第 60 题 一种起运输作用的器官是（ ）
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The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed（ ）[A] the inadequacy of antidiscrimination laws[B] the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C] the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures[D] the arrogance common among the Supreme Court judges
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共用题干
Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as“Ecosystem Engineers”Research by the University of Exeter has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment as a result of their activity as“ecosystem engineers”and predators. The study,published in the Journal of Animal Ecology,found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.Firstly,through moving of soil by nest building activity and by collecting food they af-fect the level of nutrients in the soil. This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups,from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain.Secondly,they prey on a wide range of other animals,including larger prey which can be attacked by vast numbers of ant workers.Dirk Sanders,an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Con-servation,said:“Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers. They're al-so very territorial and very aggressive,defending their resources and territory against other predators. All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area.”“In this research,we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it. What we found is that despite being predators,their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups. They genuinely play a key role in the local environment,having a big influence on the grassland food web,”Sanders said.The study,carried out in Germany,studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants,both species which can be found across Europe,including in the UK.It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area,particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers. At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect,showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence.Dr Frank van Veen,another author on the study,said:“What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels,but as the number of ants increases,their predatory impacts have the bigger effect一thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering.”Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass but also because they act as ecosystem engineers. Ant biodiversity is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact,which obviously reduces its richness. However,it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem. Ants are important in below ground processes through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants,microorganisms,and other soil organisms.As predators,ants______.A:prey on small as well as large animalsB: collect nutritious food from the soilC: collect food as decomposersD: prey on species much higher up the food chain
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共用题干
第一篇irradiating（照射）fruits, vegetable, pork and chicken to kill insects and bacteria has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration over the past decade or so.Irradiation of other meats, such as beef and lamb,is being reviewed.Federal approval dose not require that industry adopt the process,and few food processors presently offer irradiated products.Market studies have shown that many consumers are afraid that eating irradiated food may cause cancer,despite scientific studies that prove the safety of treated food.Some people argue that more severe government inspection,higher food-safety standards,and more careful food-preparation practices by consumers are all that is needed to ensure that food is safe.Consequently,companies currently see no need to spend millions of dollars outfitting（配备）processing plants with the equipment necessary for a process that very few shoppers are in favor of.All supermarkets that sell irradiated food must label that food either directly on the packaging or in the case of bulk items like fruits and vegetables by placing a sign nearby. There is no requirement for the labeling of irradiated food served by chain restaurants or hospitals that buy directly from distributors,nor any regulations for products that contain irradiated ingredients.Presently,the FDA allows food to be treated with three types of radiation一gamma rays,highenergy electrons,and X-rays,and sets limits on doses（辐射量）depending on the type of food. The principle is that the dose to be used for a certain type of food should not exceed the amount that is sufficient to kill most harmful insects and bacteria present in it.Different types of food,because of their different molecular（分子）compositions,may require different doses of radiation.According to the passage,killing insets and bacteria present in food by irradiating_________. A:has been completely approved by the FDAB:is being reviewed by the FDAC:is not completely approved by the U.S. governmentD:has been widely adopted in the U.S.
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共用题干
第一篇irradiating（照射）fruits, vegetable, pork and chicken to kill insects and bacteria has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration over the past decade or so.Irradiation of other meats, such as beef and lamb,is being reviewed.Federal approval dose not require that industry adopt the process,and few food processors presently offer irradiated products.Market studies have shown that many consumers are afraid that eating irradiated food may cause cancer,despite scientific studies that prove the safety of treated food.Some people argue that more severe government inspection,higher food-safety standards,and more careful food-preparation practices by consumers are all that is needed to ensure that food is safe.Consequently,companies currently see no need to spend millions of dollars outfitting（配备）processing plants with the equipment necessary for a process that very few shoppers are in favor of.All supermarkets that sell irradiated food must label that food either directly on the packaging or in the case of bulk items like fruits and vegetables by placing a sign nearby. There is no requirement for the labeling of irradiated food served by chain restaurants or hospitals that buy directly from distributors,nor any regulations for products that contain irradiated ingredients.Presently,the FDA allows food to be treated with three types of radiation一gamma rays,highenergy electrons,and X-rays,and sets limits on doses（辐射量）depending on the type of food. The principle is that the dose to be used for a certain type of food should not exceed the amount that is sufficient to kill most harmful insects and bacteria present in it.Different types of food,because of their different molecular（分子）compositions,may require different doses of radiation.Irradiated food has to be labeled when_________.A:it is sold at the supermarketB:it is served at the restaurantsC:it is provided in the hospitalsD:it is produced at the factories
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共用题干
第二篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"Research by the University of Exeter has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment as a result of their activity as"ecosystem engineers"and predators.The study,published in the Journal of Animal Ecology,found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.Firstly,through moving the soil by nest building activity and by collecting food they affect the level of nutrients in the soil.This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups,from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain.Secondly,they prey on a wide range of other animals,including larger prey which can be attacked by vast numbers of ant workers.Dirk Sanders,an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Conservation,said, "Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers.They're also very territorial and very aggressive,defending their resources and territory against other predators.All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area.""In this research,we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it.What we found is that despite being predators,their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups.They genuinely play a key role in the local environment,having a big influence on the grassland food web,"Sanders said.The study,carried out in Germany,studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants,both of which can be found across Europe,including the UK. It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area,particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers.At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect,the predation counteracting the positive influence.Dr Frank van Veen,another author on the study,said:"What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels,but as the number of ants increases,their predatory impacts have the bigger effect一thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering."Ants are important components of the ecosystem not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass but also because they act as ecosystem engineers.Ant biodiversity is incredibly high,and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact,which obviously reduces its richness.However,it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem.Ants are important in below ground processes through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants,microorganisms,and other soil organisms.As predators,ants ________________.A:prey on small as well as large animalsB:collect nutritious food from the soilC:collect food as decomposersD:prey on species much higher up the food chain
考题
Text 4 Consuming high-quality plant foods such as whole grains,fruits,vegetables,nuts and legumes may substantially lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes,researchers including one of Indian-origin have claimed."This study highlights that even moderate dietary changes in the direction of a healthful plant-based diet can play a significant role in the prevention of type 2 diabetes,"said Ambika Satija from Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health in the US."These findings provide further evidence to support current dietary recommendations for chronic disease prevention,"she said.While previous studies have found links between vegetarian diets and improved health outcomes,including reduced risk of type 2 diabetes,this new study is the first to make distinctions between healthy plant-based diets and less healthy ones that include things like sweetened foods and beverages,which may be detrimental for health.The study also considered the effect of including some animal foods in the diet.Researchers followed more than 200,000 male and female health professionals in the US for more than 20 years who had regularly filled out questionnaires on their diet,lifestyle,medical history,and ncw disease diagnoses as part of three large long-term studies.They evaluated participants'diets using a plant-based diet index in which they assigned plant-derived foods higher scores and animal-derived foods lower scores.The study found that high adherence to a plant-based diet that was low in animal foods was associated with a 20 percent reduced risk of type 2 diabetes compared with low adherence to such a diet,researchers said.Eating a healthy version of a plant-based diet was linked with a 34 per cent lower diabetes risk,while a less healthy version-including foods such as refrned grains,potatoes,and sugar-sweetened beverages-was linked with a 16 per cent increased risk,they said.Even modestly lowering animal food consumption-for example,from 5-6 servings per day to about 4 servings per day-was linked with lower diabetes incidence,the study found."A shift to a dietary pattern higher in healthful plant-based foods,such as vegetables,fruits,whole grains,legumes,nuts,and seeds,and lower in animal-based foods,especially red and processed meats,can confer substantial health benefits in reducing risk of type 2 diabetes,"said Frank Hu from Harvard Chan School.Researchers suggest that healthful plant-based diets could be lowering type 2 diabetes risk because such diets are high in fiber,antioxidants,unsaturated fatty acids,and micronutrients such as magnesium,and are low in saturated fat.Healthy plant foods may also be contributing to a healthy gut microbiome,they said.
From the new study,we can infer that_____A.sweet fruit juice and beverages are beneficial to our health
B.animal foods should not be included in our diet for the sake of health
C.fried potatoes are healthy food comparing with animal foods
D.eating less meat is helpful to reduce the diabetes incidence
考题
Text 4 Consuming high-quality plant foods such as whole grains,fruits,vegetables,nuts and legumes may substantially lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes,researchers including one of Indian-origin have claimed."This study highlights that even moderate dietary changes in the direction of a healthful plant-based diet can play a significant role in the prevention of type 2 diabetes,"said Ambika Satija from Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health in the US."These findings provide further evidence to support current dietary recommendations for chronic disease prevention,"she said.While previous studies have found links between vegetarian diets and improved health outcomes,including reduced risk of type 2 diabetes,this new study is the first to make distinctions between healthy plant-based diets and less healthy ones that include things like sweetened foods and beverages,which may be detrimental for health.The study also considered the effect of including some animal foods in the diet.Researchers followed more than 200,000 male and female health professionals in the US for more than 20 years who had regularly filled out questionnaires on their diet,lifestyle,medical history,and ncw disease diagnoses as part of three large long-term studies.They evaluated participants'diets using a plant-based diet index in which they assigned plant-derived foods higher scores and animal-derived foods lower scores.The study found that high adherence to a plant-based diet that was low in animal foods was associated with a 20 percent reduced risk of type 2 diabetes compared with low adherence to such a diet,researchers said.Eating a healthy version of a plant-based diet was linked with a 34 per cent lower diabetes risk,while a less healthy version-including foods such as refrned grains,potatoes,and sugar-sweetened beverages-was linked with a 16 per cent increased risk,they said.Even modestly lowering animal food consumption-for example,from 5-6 servings per day to about 4 servings per day-was linked with lower diabetes incidence,the study found."A shift to a dietary pattern higher in healthful plant-based foods,such as vegetables,fruits,whole grains,legumes,nuts,and seeds,and lower in animal-based foods,especially red and processed meats,can confer substantial health benefits in reducing risk of type 2 diabetes,"said Frank Hu from Harvard Chan School.Researchers suggest that healthful plant-based diets could be lowering type 2 diabetes risk because such diets are high in fiber,antioxidants,unsaturated fatty acids,and micronutrients such as magnesium,and are low in saturated fat.Healthy plant foods may also be contributing to a healthy gut microbiome,they said.
About type 2 diabetes,which of the following statement is true?A.Eating vegetables,fruits and refined grains could decrease its risk.
B.The dietary pattern including vegetables,legumes etc.is beneficiaL
C.Diets having less animal foods could decrease its risks t0 30 percent
D.Plant-based diet could make its risk decrease t0 34 percent.
考题
Text 4 Consuming high-quality plant foods such as whole grains,fruits,vegetables,nuts and legumes may substantially lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes,researchers including one of Indian-origin have claimed."This study highlights that even moderate dietary changes in the direction of a healthful plant-based diet can play a significant role in the prevention of type 2 diabetes,"said Ambika Satija from Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health in the US."These findings provide further evidence to support current dietary recommendations for chronic disease prevention,"she said.While previous studies have found links between vegetarian diets and improved health outcomes,including reduced risk of type 2 diabetes,this new study is the first to make distinctions between healthy plant-based diets and less healthy ones that include things like sweetened foods and beverages,which may be detrimental for health.The study also considered the effect of including some animal foods in the diet.Researchers followed more than 200,000 male and female health professionals in the US for more than 20 years who had regularly filled out questionnaires on their diet,lifestyle,medical history,and ncw disease diagnoses as part of three large long-term studies.They evaluated participants'diets using a plant-based diet index in which they assigned plant-derived foods higher scores and animal-derived foods lower scores.The study found that high adherence to a plant-based diet that was low in animal foods was associated with a 20 percent reduced risk of type 2 diabetes compared with low adherence to such a diet,researchers said.Eating a healthy version of a plant-based diet was linked with a 34 per cent lower diabetes risk,while a less healthy version-including foods such as refrned grains,potatoes,and sugar-sweetened beverages-was linked with a 16 per cent increased risk,they said.Even modestly lowering animal food consumption-for example,from 5-6 servings per day to about 4 servings per day-was linked with lower diabetes incidence,the study found."A shift to a dietary pattern higher in healthful plant-based foods,such as vegetables,fruits,whole grains,legumes,nuts,and seeds,and lower in animal-based foods,especially red and processed meats,can confer substantial health benefits in reducing risk of type 2 diabetes,"said Frank Hu from Harvard Chan School.Researchers suggest that healthful plant-based diets could be lowering type 2 diabetes risk because such diets are high in fiber,antioxidants,unsaturated fatty acids,and micronutrients such as magnesium,and are low in saturated fat.Healthy plant foods may also be contributing to a healthy gut microbiome,they said.
The best title for the text should be_____A.Plant-Based Diet May Lower Risk ofType 2 Diabetes
B.Better Not to Eat Too Many Animal Foods
C.We Should Eat Vegetable Foods to Prevent Chronic Diseases
D.Plant-Based Diet with High Fiber and Low Fat Is Beneficial
考题
Australia has very strict laws relating to the importation and possession of certain goods. Food, plant material and animal products from overseas, including many common souvenirs, could introduce some of the world′s most serious pests and diseases into Australia. Failing to declare quarantine items (需要检疫的物品) on arrival could destroy our agriculture, tourism industries and special environment.
Every piece of luggage will be screened orx-rayed on arrival in Australia. So you must declare for inspection of all food, plant material and animal products to check that they are free of pest sand diseases.
You must tick YES on the InformingPassenger Card (IPC) to declare if you are carrying any food, plant material oranimal products. In signing the IPC, passengers who are making a legal declaration and failing to answer all questions truth fully can have serious consequences.
If you fail to declare or dispose of (处理) any quarantine items, or make a false declaration:
* you will get caught;
* you could be fined over A $ 200on-the-spot; or you could be prosecuted and fined more than A $ 60,000 and riskup to 10 years imprisonment;
If you are not sure about the items you are carrying, ask a quarantine officer who will determine whether they are allowed into Australia.
You need to declare the followingthings EXCEPT ____________ if youhave them in your luggage.A.some metal hairclips
B.dried flowers
C.some moon-cakes
D.a bottle of honey
考题
Australia has very strict laws relating to the importation and possession of certain goods. Food, plant material and animal products from overseas, including many common souvenirs, could introduce some of the world′s most serious pests and diseases into Australia. Failing to declare quarantine items (需要检疫的物品) on arrival could destroy our agriculture, tourism industries and special environment.
Every piece of luggage will be screened orx-rayed on arrival in Australia. So you must declare for inspection of all food, plant material and animal products to check that they are free of pest sand diseases.
You must tick YES on the InformingPassenger Card (IPC) to declare if you are carrying any food, plant material oranimal products. In signing the IPC, passengers who are making a legal declaration and failing to answer all questions truth fully can have serious consequences.
If you fail to declare or dispose of (处理) any quarantine items, or make a false declaration:
* you will get caught;
* you could be fined over A $ 200on-the-spot; or you could be prosecuted and fined more than A $ 60,000 and riskup to 10 years imprisonment;
If you are not sure about the items you are carrying, ask a quarantine officer who will determine whether they are allowed into Australia.
The reason why you are asked todeclare quarantine items on arrival is that ____________.A.too many overseas products could destroy Australia' s tourism industry
B.animal products are often the cause of various diseases
C.as is known to us all, bad food can spread diseases easily
D.these items may carry dangerous pests or diseases into AustraliA.
考题
Exports are either raw materials or manufactured goods. Raw materials are products of the land， such as cotton， timber or rubber. Some raw materials， such as iron ore， come from mines. These raw materials are often exported by the countries that produce them to other countries where they are made into manufactured goods. Some countries produce food for export， for example， meat， sugar， or cereals such as wheat and maize. These countries are agricultural countries. An agricultural country needs fertile land and a good climate. A cold， dry climate is not suitable for agriculture. A country which produces manufactured goods is known as an industrialized country. An industrialized country cannot always produce enough food for its own needs. In this case， it does not export foodstuffs. Instead it has to import them. It relies on exports of manufactured products and pays for imports with the money it earns from the exported goods. Raw materials are often exported by the countries that produce them to other countries where（）.Athey are consumedBthey are made into finished productsCthey are wasted
考题
Oil is an important（）material which can be processed into many different products, including plastics.AuncoveredBrawCfreshDcrude
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单选题Exports are either raw materials or manufactured goods. Raw materials are products of the land， such as cotton， timber or rubber. Some raw materials， such as iron ore， come from mines. These raw materials are often exported by the countries that produce them to other countries where they are made into manufactured goods. Some countries produce food for export， for example， meat， sugar， or cereals such as wheat and maize. These countries are agricultural countries. An agricultural country needs fertile land and a good climate. A cold， dry climate is not suitable for agriculture. A country which produces manufactured goods is known as an industrialized country. An industrialized country cannot always produce enough food for its own needs. In this case， it does not export foodstuffs. Instead it has to import them. It relies on exports of manufactured products and pays for imports with the money it earns from the exported goods. The best title of this passage is（）.A
Agriculture and IndustryB
ExportC
Production
考题
问答题Practice 1 The agricultural sciences deal with the challenges of food and fiber production and processing. They include the technologies of soil cultivation, crop cultivation and harvesting, animal husbandry and the processing of plant and animal products for human consumption and use. As a result of the doubled yields of some economic crops, the farm output per hour of farm work increased almost 10-fold as capital was substituted for labor. New techniques of preserving food products made possible transportation over greater distances, in turn facilitating adjustments among locations of production and consumption, with further benefits to production efficiency.
考题
单选题Useful drugs are made from inorganic substances or are plant and animal by-products.A
materialsB
derivativesC
chemicalsD
ingredients
考题
单选题Exports are either raw materials or manufactured goods. Raw materials are products of the land， such as
cotton， timber or rubber. Some raw materials， such as iron ore， come from mines. These raw materials are
often exported by the countries that produce them to other countries where they are made into manufactured
goods. Some countries produce food for export， for example， meat， sugar， or cereals such as wheat and
maize. These countries are agricultural countries. An agricultural country needs fertile land and a good climate.
A cold， dry climate is not suitable for agriculture.
A country which produces manufactured goods is known as an industrialized country. An industrialized country
cannot always produce enough food for its own needs. In this case， it does not export foodstuffs. Instead it
has to import them. It relies on exports of manufactured products and pays for imports with the money it earns
from the exported goods.
The countries which produce food for export, for example, meat, sugar, or cereals such as wheat and maize are countries.（）A
developedB
industrialC
agricultural
考题
单选题Exports are either raw materials or manufactured goods. Raw materials are products of the land， such as
cotton， timber or rubber. Some raw materials， such as iron ore， come from mines. These raw materials are
often exported by the countries that produce them to other countries where they are made into manufactured
goods. Some countries produce food for export， for example， meat， sugar， or cereals such as wheat and
maize. These countries are agricultural countries. An agricultural country needs fertile land and a good climate.
A cold， dry climate is not suitable for agriculture.
A country which produces manufactured goods is known as an industrialized country. An industrialized country
cannot always produce enough food for its own needs. In this case， it does not export foodstuffs. Instead it
has to import them. It relies on exports of manufactured products and pays for imports with the money it earns
from the exported goods.
From the first sentence of the passage we can know that there are（）kinds of exports.A
twoB
threeC
four
考题
单选题Exports are either raw materials or manufactured goods. Raw materials are products of the land， such as
cotton， timber or rubber. Some raw materials， such as iron ore， come from mines. These raw materials are
often exported by the countries that produce them to other countries where they are made into manufactured
goods. Some countries produce food for export， for example， meat， sugar， or cereals such as wheat and
maize. These countries are agricultural countries. An agricultural country needs fertile land and a good climate.
A cold， dry climate is not suitable for agriculture.
A country which produces manufactured goods is known as an industrialized country. An industrialized country
cannot always produce enough food for its own needs. In this case， it does not export foodstuffs. Instead it
has to import them. It relies on exports of manufactured products and pays for imports with the money it earns
from the exported goods.
An industrialized country usually has to import foodstuffs because,（）.A
it cannot always produce enough food for its own needsB
it doesn't has fertile land and a good climateC
it relies on exports of manufactured products
考题
问答题The Truth about Genetically Modified Food At almost every public lecture I give, someone asks me my opinion on genetic modification—whatever be the topic of the lecture. Genetic modification (GM) has the power to save lives through its use in medicine, such as the production of insulin for diabetics or the treatment of genetic disorders. The current outcry comes when it is used to produce food. Some of these public concerns reflect real problems, but others are fuelled by misinformation and overdramatisation. There is nothing new about crop modification; plant breeders have been doing it since agriculture began. The wonderful range of apples or potatoes we now enjoy is the result of crossing different varieties. Cabbages, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, kohlrabi, kale and broccoli all originated from one botanical species. Modern molecular biology has enabled us to go much further. We can now isolate the gene for a particular characteristic of an organism and transfer it to another species. It is this practice of transforming a plant with alien genes—perhaps from an animal or bacterium—that is causing all the controversy. There are three main concerns. Scientists can now take a gene for resistance to a particular herbicide and transfer it to a crop: when these plants are sprayed with weed-killer, the weeds are destroyed while the crop is unharmed. A prime concern is the harmful effect this could have on the biodiversity of farmland, where so many insects, birds and other animals depend upon “weed” species. Another fear is that alien genes from a GM plant could escape into a wild population of a related species. Since plants are fertilized by pollen that is carried through their, often for great distances, this is entirely possible. A wild species modified in this way with pesticide resistance could become a “super-weed”, while a species that becomes unnaturally resistant to animals that feed on it could disrupt the food chain. The third worry concerns a proposal to produce seeds for cereals that cannot germinate to produce next year’s seeds. This “terminator technology” would be of obvious advantage to seed companies, since farms would be forced to buy new weed annually. But the same technology could be devastating to some farmers in the developing world who depend upon saving some seeds for next year’s crop. Fortunately this technology is not yet in use and there has been strong pressure to abandon it. I would not hesitate to eat a GM vegetable—it is most unlikely that the current modifications are harmful to the consumer, despite what we read in the press. However, the introduction of animal genes into food plants presents considerable ethical difficulties to vegetarinsarians and member of religious that forbid the eating of certain animals. This is one of the reasons people are demanding that tall genetically modified food products be clearly labeled. The public have a fight to know what they are eating and a fight to choose. I believe that in my own nation GM is well regulated, but this cannot be said for some other countries. One of the problems is that at the moment this technology is commercially motivated. Because the compositions developing GM food want to introduce it as quickly as possible, in my opinion, it is being rushed into without adequate research or precautions. Genetic’ modification is here to stay, and there is no doubt it will save lives. But ,like so many other scientific discoveries, such as splitting the atom, it can be seriously misused. Instead of condemning the technique, we, should ensure it is used wisely. We need to evaluate each application carefully, from environmental and ethical standpoints, and we must urge governments and companies to use it for good rather than for greed.
考题
单选题Oil is an important（）material which can be processed into many different products, including plastics.A
uncoveredB
rawC
freshD
crude
考题
单选题Exports are either raw materials or manufactured goods. Raw materials are products of the land， such as
cotton， timber or rubber. Some raw materials， such as iron ore， come from mines. These raw materials are
often exported by the countries that produce them to other countries where they are made into manufactured
goods. Some countries produce food for export， for example， meat， sugar， or cereals such as wheat and
maize. These countries are agricultural countries. An agricultural country needs fertile land and a good climate.
A cold， dry climate is not suitable for agriculture.
A country which produces manufactured goods is known as an industrialized country. An industrialized country
cannot always produce enough food for its own needs. In this case， it does not export foodstuffs. Instead it
has to import them. It relies on exports of manufactured products and pays for imports with the money it earns
from the exported goods.
The best title of this passage is（）.A
Agriculture and IndustryB
ExportC
Production
考题
单选题Exports are either raw materials or manufactured goods. Raw materials are products of the land， such as cotton， timber or rubber. Some raw materials， such as iron ore， come from mines. These raw materials are often exported by the countries that produce them to other countries where they are made into manufactured goods. Some countries produce food for export， for example， meat， sugar， or cereals such as wheat and maize. These countries are agricultural countries. An agricultural country needs fertile land and a good climate. A cold， dry climate is not suitable for agriculture. A country which produces manufactured goods is known as an industrialized country. An industrialized country cannot always produce enough food for its own needs. In this case， it does not export foodstuffs. Instead it has to import them. It relies on exports of manufactured products and pays for imports with the money it earns from the exported goods. The countries which produce food for export, for example, meat, sugar, or cereals such as wheat and maize are countries.（）A
developedB
industrialC
agricultural
考题
问答题Practice 2 Transgenic plants and animals result from genetic engineering experiments in which genetic material is moved from one organism to another, so that the latter will exhibit a characteristic. Business corporations, scientists, and farmers hope that transgenic techniques will allow more cost-effective and precise plants and animals with desirable characteristics that are not available using up to date breeding technology. Transgenic techniques allow genetic material to be transferred between completely unrelated organisms. In order for a transgenic technique to work, the genetic engineer must first construct a transgene, which is the gene to be introduced plus a control sequence. When making a transgene, scientists usually substitute the original promoter sequence with one that will be active in the correct tissues of the recipient plant or animal. The creation of transgenic animals is one of the most dramatic advances derived from recombinant DNA technology. A transgenic animal results from insertion of a foreign gene into an embryo. The foreign gene becomes a permanent part of the host animals’ genetic material. As the embryo develops, the foreign gene may be present in many cells of the body, including the germ cells of the testis or the ovary. If the transgenic animal is fertile, the inserted foreign gene (transgene) will be inherited by future progeny. Thus, a transgenic animal, once created, can persist into future generations. Transgenic animals are different from animals in which foreign cells or foreign organs have been engrafted. The progeny of engrafted animals do not inherit the experimental change. The progeny of transgenic animals do. The techniques for creating a transgenic animal include the following: 1) picking a foreign gene, 2) placing the foreign gene in a suitable form called a “construct” which guides the insertion of the foreign gene into the animal genome and encourages its expression, and 3) injecting the construct into a single fertilized egg or at the very early embryo stage of the host animal. Much genetic engineering goes into the choice of a foreign gene and building a construct. The construct must have promoters to turn on foreign gene expression at its new site within the host animal genome. By choosing a particular promoter and splicing it in front of the foreign gene, we can encourage expression of our transgene within a specific tissue. One of the most important applications of transgenic animals is the development of new animal models of human disease. Transgenic animals can serve as models for many malignant tumors. Mice have been the most frequent hosts for transgenic modification, other domestic animals have also been used. One idea has been to create transgenic cows which secrete important pharmaceutical substances in their milk. Other attempts are being made to express human interferon in the milk of sheep. A transgenic crop plant contains a gene or genes which have been artificially inserted instead of the plant acquiring them through pollination. The inserted gene sequence (known as the transgene) may come from another unrelated plant, or from a completely different species: transgenic BT corn, for example, which produces its own insecticide, containing a gene from a bacterium. Plants containing transgenes are often called genetically modified or GM crops although in reality all crops have been genetically modified from their original wild state by domestication, selection and controlled breeding over long periods of time.
考题
单选题Exports are either raw materials or manufactured goods. Raw materials are products of the land， such as cotton， timber or rubber. Some raw materials， such as iron ore， come from mines. These raw materials are often exported by the countries that produce them to other countries where they are made into manufactured goods. Some countries produce food for export， for example， meat， sugar， or cereals such as wheat and maize. These countries are agricultural countries. An agricultural country needs fertile land and a good climate. A cold， dry climate is not suitable for agriculture. A country which produces manufactured goods is known as an industrialized country. An industrialized country cannot always produce enough food for its own needs. In this case， it does not export foodstuffs. Instead it has to import them. It relies on exports of manufactured products and pays for imports with the money it earns from the exported goods. Raw materials are often exported by the countries that produce them to other countries where（）.A
they are consumedB
they are made into finished productsC
they are wasted
考题
单选题Exports are either raw materials or manufactured goods. Raw materials are products of the land， such as cotton， timber or rubber. Some raw materials， such as iron ore， come from mines. These raw materials are often exported by the countries that produce them to other countries where they are made into manufactured goods. Some countries produce food for export， for example， meat， sugar， or cereals such as wheat and maize. These countries are agricultural countries. An agricultural country needs fertile land and a good climate. A cold， dry climate is not suitable for agriculture. A country which produces manufactured goods is known as an industrialized country. An industrialized country cannot always produce enough food for its own needs. In this case， it does not export foodstuffs. Instead it has to import them. It relies on exports of manufactured products and pays for imports with the money it earns from the exported goods. An industrialized country usually has to import foodstuffs because,（）.A
it cannot always produce enough food for its own needsB
it doesn't has fertile land and a good climateC
it relies on exports of manufactured products
考题
单选题Exports are either raw materials or manufactured goods. Raw materials are products of the land， such as cotton， timber or rubber. Some raw materials， such as iron ore， come from mines. These raw materials are often exported by the countries that produce them to other countries where they are made into manufactured goods. Some countries produce food for export， for example， meat， sugar， or cereals such as wheat and maize. These countries are agricultural countries. An agricultural country needs fertile land and a good climate. A cold， dry climate is not suitable for agriculture. A country which produces manufactured goods is known as an industrialized country. An industrialized country cannot always produce enough food for its own needs. In this case， it does not export foodstuffs. Instead it has to import them. It relies on exports of manufactured products and pays for imports with the money it earns from the exported goods. From the first sentence of the passage we can know that there are（）kinds of exports.A
twoB
threeC
four
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