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Adam Smith, a writer in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its advantages. He gives as an example the process by which pins were made in England.
"One man draws out the wire, another strengthens it, a third cuts it, a fourth points it, a fifth grinds it at the top to prepare it to receive the head. To make the head requires two or three distinct operations. To put it on is a separate operation, to polish the pins is another. And the important business of making pins is, in this manner, divided into about eighteen distinct operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform. two or three of them."
Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4 800 pins a piece. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, they certainly could not turn out any pin, each of them have made twenty pins in a day and perhaps not even one.
There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this but he also took it for granted that division of labor is in itself responsible for economic growth and development and that it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still. But division of labor adds nothing new; it only enables people to produce, more of what they already have.
According to the passage, Adam Smith was the first person to______.
A．take advantage of the division of labor
B．explain the causes of the division of labor
C．understand the effects of the division of labor
D．introduce the division of labor into England
参考答案
更多 “ Adam Smith, a writer in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its advantages. He gives as an example the process by which pins were made in England."One man draws out the wire, another strengthens it, a third cuts it, a fourth points it, a fifth grinds it at the top to prepare it to receive the head. To make the head requires two or three distinct operations. To put it on is a separate operation, to polish the pins is another. And the important business of making pins is, in this manner, divided into about eighteen distinct operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform. two or three of them."Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4 800 pins a piece. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, they certainly could not turn out any pin, each of them have made twenty pins in a day and perhaps not even one.There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this but he also took it for granted that division of labor is in itself responsible for economic growth and development and that it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still. But division of labor adds nothing new; it only enables people to produce, more of what they already have.According to the passage, Adam Smith was the first person to______.A．take advantage of the division of laborB．explain the causes of the division of laborC．understand the effects of the division of laborD．introduce the division of labor into England ” 相关考题
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Adam Smith saw that the division of labor ______.A．enabled each worker to make pins more quickly and more cheaplyB．increased the number of people employed in factoriesC．increased the possible output per workerD．improved the quality of pins produced
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Adam Smith mentioned the number 4 800 in order to ______.A．show the advantages of the division of laborB．emphasize how powerful the individual worker wasC．show the advantages of the old craft systemD．emphasize the importance of increased production
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According to the writer, Adam Smith' s mistake was in believing that division of labor______.A．inevitably led to economic developmentB．was an efficient way of organizing workC．increased the production of existing goodsD．was an important development in methods of production
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Which of the following could serve as an appropriate title for the passage ?A．The Theory of Division of LaborB．Adam Smith as the Discoverer of Division of LaborC．Adam Smith, the English EconomistD．Division of Labor, an Efficient Way of Organizing Work
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(c) The Shirtmaster division and Corporate Clothing division, though being part of the same group, operate largelyindependently of one another.Assess the costs and benefits of the two divisions continuing to operate independently of one another.(15 marks)
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When all the people had assembled, the king, surrounded by his court, (21) a signal. Then a door beneath him opened, and the accused man stepped (22) into the arena. Directly opposite him were two doors, exactly (23) and side by side. It was the duty and the privilege of the (24) on trial to walk directly to these (25) and open one of them. He (26) open either door he pleased; he was subject to no (27) or influence. If he opened the one, there came out of it a hungry tiger, the (28) and most cruel that could be found, which (29) sprang upon him and tore him to pieces as a punishment for his guilt. (30) , if the accused person opened the other door, out of it came a (31) lady, and to this lady he was immediately married, as a reward of his innocence. This was the (32) method of administering justice. Its perfect fairness is obvious. The criminal could (33) know out of which door would come the lady; he opened either he pleased, without having the slightest (34) whether, in the next instant, he was to be devoured or married. So the accused person was instantly (35) if guilty, and, if innocent, he was rewarded on the spot.21.A. giveB. givesC. gaveD. given
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“The biggest threat to our environment today is the way we, as human beings, see out environment” does not imply that ().A、everything in the ecosystem is part of one complete wholeB、most people hold a wrong view on the environmentC、everything affects and is affected by its environmentD、people are not conscious of the importance of trees
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A Nobel Prize is considered by most people one of the highest international honors a person can receive. As you know, the prizes were started by a Swede called Alfred Nobel. Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, and lived from 1833 to1896. Alfred Nobel was a chemist and inventor. He made two important inventions. And so he became very rich. Although he was rich, Nobel was not a happy man. He never married nor had children. Also, he was a sick man in a large part of his life. Nobel died at the age of sixty-three. When he died, he left a fund 基金) of $9,000, 000. The money was to be used in giving prizes to those who made outstanding achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and the promotion 促进)of world peace. The first Nobel Prizes were given on December 10th, 1901, five years after Nobel’s death. Many famous people from all over the world have been given Nobel Prizes for their achievements. Albert Einstein was one of them. Each Prize has three parts. The first part is a gold medal. Second, a winner of a Nobel Prize is given a diploma(证书)saying that he has been given the Prize. The third part of the prize is a large amount of money—about $40, 000. Often a Prize is given to just one person, but not always. Sometimes, a Prize is shared. It may be given to two or three people who have worked together. Sometimes a Prize is not given at all if there is no outstanding achievement. In 1972, for example, no Nobel Peace Prize was given. It is the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm that decides whether to give the Prize or not1.Most people think that the Nobel Prize is __________ a person can receive.A、 the highest honor in the worldB、 one of the highest international honorsC、 a higher honor than othersD、 as high as any other honor2.Alfred Nobel who started the Nobel Prize was __________A、 a rich, happy and lucky manB、 a poor, unhappy and unlucky manC、 a poor, but happy and lucky manD、 a rich, unhappy and unlucky man3.A Nobel Prize is made up of _________A、 a gold medal and a large amount of moneyB、 a gold medal and a diplomaC、 a gold medal and a diploma and a large amount of moneyD、 a diploma and a large amount of money4.A Nobel Prize is given to __________ each year.A、 just one personB、 one personC、 not always one personD、 three persons5.When he died, Nobel left an amount of money __________A、 to his wife and his childrenB、 to the university he used to study inC、 to his parents and his studentsD、 to be spend on setting five prizes
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A small crowd had gathered round the entrance to the park. His curiosity aroused,Robert crossed the road to see what was happening. He found that the center ofattraction was an old man with a performing monkey. The monkey' s tricks, hesoon discovered, were in no way remarkable so, after throwing a few pennies inthe dirty hat which the man had placed on the pavement, Robert began to moveoff, along with other members of the crowd.Atthis point the man suddenly let out a loud cry. Everyone turned to see what hadhappened. The man was bending over his monkey, which now lay quite still on thepavement. He picked up the apparently lifeless body and, bolding it close tohim, began to weep. A young man stepped forward from the crowd and, taking somemoney from his pocket, dropped it into the hat. Robert and several other peopledid likewise, until the pennies in the hat were covered with silver coins.Meanwhile, the man continued to hold the dead monkey in his arms and seemed totake no notice of what was going on about him. Afew month latter, Robert came across the old man again in another part of thecity. The man had a monkey, bought no doubt with the money which the crowd hadgiven him. It did not, however, seem any better at its tricks than the previousone. Robert was pleased to see that the old man was still able to earn aliving, though on this occasion, having partly paid for the monkey out of hisown pocket, he did not feel inclined to throw any money into the hat. Butthe performance was not yet over! Once again the old man let out a loud cry.Once again the monkey lay still on the pavement. The manpicked up the "dead" monkey and clutching it in his arms began to weep. The same young steppedforward and threw some money into the hat.Again the crowd followed suit一except for Robert. Smiling tohimself, he went on his way, amazed at the man' s audacity.41. Which of the following is TRUE?A. The young man was also apasser-by.B. The old man always entertainedthe people at the same place.C. The old man let out a loud crybecause he was really sorry to have lost his monkey.D. Robert did not throw any moneyinto the hat the second time he met the old man .42. Robert smiled to himself because he().A. was satisfied with theperformanceB. realized what had happened atlastC. was amused by the death of thesecond monkeyD. was glad that the second monkeyperformance as well as the first one43. The word "likewise" (in the secondparagraph) is closest in meaning to ()?A. like to be wiseB. in the wise wayC. in the samewayD. in a lovely way44. What does "followed suit" (in the lastparagraph) mean?A. followed the exampleB. followed the old manC. followed the writerD. came afterwards
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Text 3Thirty- two people watched Kitty' Genovese being killed right beneath their windows. She was their neighbor. Yet none of them helped her. Not one even called the police. Was this gunman cruelty? Was it lack of feeling about one' s fellow man?"Not so," say scientists John Barley and Bib Fatane. These men went beyond the headlines to probe the masons why people didn't act. They found that a person has to go through two steps before he can help. First he has to notice that is an emergency. Suppose you see a middle - aged man fall to the side - walk. Is he having a heart attack? Is he in a coma (昏迷) from diabetes(糖尿病) ? Or is he about to sleep off a drunk? Is the smoke coming into the room from a leak in the air conditioning? Is it "steam pipes" ? Or is it really smoke from a fire? It' s not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency.Second, and more important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible. He must feel that he must help, or the person won' t get the help he needs. The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people are around. They had college students in to be "tested". Some came alone. Some came with one or two others. And some came in large groups. The receptionist started them off on the "tests". Then she went into the next room. A curtain divided the "testing room" and the room into which she went. Soon the students heard a scream, the noise of file cabinets falling and a cry for help. All of these had been pre - recorded on a tape - recorder. Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help. Of the students in pairs, only two out of ten helped. Of the students in groups, none helped.In other words, in a group, Americans often fail to act. They feel that others will act. They, themselves, needn't. They do not feel any direct responsibility. Are people bothered by situations where people are in trouble? Yes. Scientists found that the people were emotional, they sweated, they had trembling hands. They felt the other person's trouble. But they did not act. They were in a group. Their actions, were shaped by the actions of those they were with.31. The purpose of this passage is______.A) to explain why people fail to act in emergenciesB) to explain when people will act in emergenciesC) to explain what people will do in emergenciesD) to explain how people feel in emergencies
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材料：The fact that the GOODs were damaged raises a prima facie case of negligence which can only be cleared by the carrier by showing what actually occurred. For example，a ship carried grain on MS Great Lakes to a port where it was stored aboard the ship under a special storage contract for 22 days after which it was discovered to be wet．Rough weather during the voyage was alleged but the Court insisted on strict proof of how and when the rough weather caused the wetting．Therefore，to rebut the presumption of fault when relying upon its own reasonable care，the carrier must further prove that the damage was caused by something other than its own negligence．Once the shipper establishes a prima facie case，under“the policy of the law”the carrier must“explain what took place or suffer the consequences”．The law casts upon the carrier the burden of the loss which it cannot explain or，explaining，bring within the exception case in which he is relieved from liability．问题：The best title of this passage is ______．A.The liabilities on the part of the carrier and shipperB.Loss of and damage to cargoesC.The burden of proof on the part of the shipperD.The burden of proof on the part of the carrierIt is concluded from this passage that MS Great Lakes ______．A.was liable for the wet damage if it could not prove how and when the rough weather caused the wettingB.was liable for the wet damage even it could prove how and when the rough weather caused the wettingC.was liable for the wet damage even it could not prove how and when the rough weather caused the wettingD.was not liable for the wet damage if it could not prove how and when the rough weather caused the wettingAccording to this passage，_______．A.If a carrier cannot bring the reason of the loss into the exception case in which he is relieved from liability，he is liable for the lossB.Even a carrier can bring the reason of the loss into the exception case in which he is relieved from liability，he is still held liable for the loss by the courtC.Should a carrier bring the reason of the loss into the exception case in which he is relieved from liability，he could be held liable for the loss by the courtD.Should a carrier not bring the reason of the loss into the exception case in which he is relieved from liability，he could not be held liable for the loss by the courtThe prima facie case of negligence in this passage refers to the one in which ______．A.a presumption of fault was made on the part of the carrierB.a presumption of fault was made on the part of the shipperC.a reasonable care was used by the carrierD.a reasonable care was used by the shipper请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！
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If you see anybody fall overboard, act as follows except ______.A.tell an officer / crew the person’s position in the water, or telephone the bridge immediatelyB.throw lifebuoys overboardC.call out “ man overboard ” and keep your eyes on the person in the waterD.try to find medicine for the person to use when he is rescued
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Once man began to raise his own animals,he did not have to go out and hunt for his meat.And,since he did not have to move from one place to another hunting for food,man was able to（ ）down and live in one place.A.calm
B.get
C.come
D.settle
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He has made another wonderful discovery，__________of great importance to science．A.which I think is
B.which I think it is
C.I think which is
D.ofwhich I think it iS
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He has made another wonderful discovery, ____ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is
B. which I think it is
C. I think which is
D. of which I think it is
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As far back as he could remember,Larry had longed to go to Hollywood and become a film star．The young man's hopes for success were broken again and again,however．Hollywood just did not seem interested．When he first came to California Larry had decided never to give up and return home without success．Therefore,he kept on trying．Someday,he told himself,his big opportunity would come.
Larry found a job parking cars for one of Hollywood's big restaurants．His pay was basic,but since the guests were kind enough to give him more money,he managed to make a living.
One day he recognized an important film director driving into the parking lot and getting out of his car．Larry had recently heard that the man was ready to make a new picture.
Larry got into the car and prepared to drive it on into the lot and park it．Then he stopped,jumped out,and ran over to the director．"Excuse me,sir,but I think it's only fair to tell you that it's now or never if you want me in your next picture．A lot of big companies are after me."
Instead of pushing away the boy,the director got interested in Larry's words and stopped．"Yes?
Which companies?"he asked.
"Well,"replied the boy,"there's the telephone company,the gas company,and the electric company,to tell you only a few."
The director laughed,then wrote something on a card and handed it to the young man．"Come and see me tomorrow."
Larry got a small part in the director's next film．He was on his way!
Why did Larry find a job parking cars?A.Because he liked the jo
B.Because the parking lot was near Hollywoo
C.To make a living and wait for the opportunit
D.To see a lot of film stars and work for the
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As far back as he could remember,Larry had longed to go to Hollywood and become a film star．The young man's hopes for success were broken again and again,however．Hollywood just did not seem interested．When he first came to California Larry had decided never to give up and return home without success．Therefore,he kept on trying．Someday,he told himself,his big opportunity would come.
Larry found a job parking cars for one of Hollywood's big restaurants．His pay was basic,but since the guests were kind enough to give him more money,he managed to make a living.
One day he recognized an important film director driving into the parking lot and getting out of his car．Larry had recently heard that the man was ready to make a new picture.
Larry got into the car and prepared to drive it on into the lot and park it．Then he stopped,jumped out,and ran over to the director．"Excuse me,sir,but I think it's only fair to tell you that it's now or never if you want me in your next picture．A lot of big companies are after me."
Instead of pushing away the boy,the director got interested in Larry's words and stopped．"Yes?
Which companies?"he asked.
"Well,"replied the boy,"there's the telephone company,the gas company,and the electric company,to tell you only a few."
The director laughed,then wrote something on a card and handed it to the young man．"Come and see me tomorrow."
Larry got a small part in the director's next film．He was on his way!
He was on his wayrefers to the fact that__.A.he gave up and returned home
B.he began to work towards success
C.he took a journey to Hollywood
D.he had difficulties in playing the small part
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共用题干
1.On November 19,1863,Abraham Lincoln went to Gettysburg in Pennsylvania to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery.The Civil War was still going on.There was much criticism of President Lincoln at the time.He was not at all popular. He had been invited to speak at Gettyburg only out of courtesy. The principal speaker was to be Edward Everett,a famous statesman and speaker of the day.Everett was a handsome man and very popular everywhere.2.It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while going to Gettysburg. Late that night,alone in his hotel room and tired out,he again worked briefly on the speech.The next day Everett spoke first. He spoke for an hour and 57 minutes.His speech was a perfect example of the rich oratory of the day.Then Lincoln rose.The crowd of 15,000 people at first paid little attention to him.He spoke for only nine minutes.At the end there was little applause.Lincoln went to a friend and remarked,"I have failed again."On the train back to Washington he commented sadly, "That speech was a flat failure,and the people are disappointed."3.Some newspapers at first criticized the speech.But little by little,as people read the speech,they began to understand better. They began to appreciate its deep meaning and its simplicity.It was a speech which only Abraham Lincoln could have made.4.Today,every American school child learns Lincoln's Gettysburg Address by heart. Now everyone thinks of it as one of the greatest orations ever given in American history.Today people regard Lincoln's Gettysburg Address as_________.A:its deep meaning and its simplicityB:one of the worst orationsC:nine minutesD:a perfect example of the rich oratory of the dayE:on the train to Gettysburg F: one of the greatest orations
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共用题干
1.On November 19,1863,Abraham Lincoln went to Gettysburg in Pennsylvania to speak at the National Soldiers Cemetery.The Civil War was still going on.There was much criticism of President Lincoln at the time.He was not at all popular. He had been invited to speak at Gettyburg only out of courtesy. The principal speaker was to be Edward Everett,a famous statesman and speaker of the day.Everett was a handsome man and very popular everywhere.2.It is said that Lincoln prepared his speech on the train while going to Gettysburg. Late that night,alone in his hotel room and tired out,he again worked briefly on the speech.The next day Everett spoke first. He spoke for an hour and 57 minutes.His speech was a perfect example of the rich oratory of the day.Then Lincoln rose.The crowd of 15,000 people at first paid little attention to him.He spoke for only nine minutes.At the end there was little applause.Lincoln went to a friend and remarked,"I have failed again."On the train back to Washington he commented sadly, "That speech was a flat failure,and the people are disappointed."3.Some newspapers at first criticized the speech.But little by little,as people read the speech,they began to understand better. They began to appreciate its deep meaning and its simplicity.It was a speech which only Abraham Lincoln could have made.4.Today,every American school child learns Lincoln's Gettysburg Address by heart. Now everyone thinks of it as one of the greatest orations ever given in American history.He spoke for an hour and 57 minutes while Lincoln spoke only__________.A:its deep meaning and its simplicityB:one of the worst orationsC:nine minutesD:a perfect example of the rich oratory of the dayE:on the train to Gettysburg F: one of the greatest orations
考题
材料题
B
In the fall of 1924 Thomas Wolfe，fresh from his courses in play writing at Harvard joined the eight or ten of us who were teaching English composition in New York University．I had never before seen a man so tall as he，and so ugly．I pitied him and went out of my way to help him with his work and make him feel at home．
His students soon let me know that he had no need of my protectiveness．They spoke of his ability to explain a poem in such a manner as to have them shouting with laughter or struggling to keep back their tears，of his readiness to quote in detail from any poet they could name．
Indeed，his students made so much of his power of observation that I decided to make a little test and see for myself．My chance came one morning when the students were slowly gathering for nine o‘clock classes．
Upon arriving at the university that day，I found Wolfe alone in the large room which served all the English composition teachers as an office．He did not say anything when I asked him to come with me out into the hall，and he only smiled when we reached a classroom door and I told him to enter alone and look around．
He stepped in，remained no more than thirty seconds and then came out．“Tell me what you see．”I said as I took his place in the room，leaving him in the hall with his back to the door．Without the least hesitation and without a single error，he gave the number of seats in the room，pointed out those which were taken by boys and those occupied by girls，named the colors each student was wearing，pointed out the Latin verb written on the blackboard，spoke of the chalk marks which the cleaner had failed to wash from the floor，and pictured in detail the view of Washington Square from the window．
As I rejoined Wolfe，I was speechless with surprise．He，on the contrary，was wholly calm as he said，“The worst thing about it is that I‘ll remember it all．”
Which of the following is NOT said in the passage A.Wolfe‘s students praised Wolfe’s power of observatio
B.The author made an experiment on Wolfe‘s abilit
C.Wolfe‘s students asked the author to have a test of their abilit
D.Wolfe did not feel angry when he was teste
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Which one of the following parameters is the very first thing that needs to be configured as part of the IGRP routing process?（）A、The wild card maskB、The IP addressC、The IP address maskD、The metric weightsE、The Autonomous System number
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单选题Andrews was one of the first executives to realize that employees are most productive when he or she feels to be part of a family.A
he or she feels to be part of a familyB
they feel as if they are part of a familyC
he or she feels part of a familyD
it’s more like a family for themE
feeling a part of a family is made possible
考题
单选题How do many traditional societies see the use of one’s family name?A
It is a way to keep distant from another person.B
It is seen as a sign of respect.C
It is a sign of importance.D
It is a sign of gratitude
考题
单选题If you see anybody fall overboard，act as follows except（）.A
tell an officer/crew the person's position in the water，or telephone the bridge immediatelyB
throw lifebuoys overboardC
call out Man overboard and keep your eyes on the person in the waterD
try to find medicine for the person to use when he is rescued
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问答题Practice 3 To the average person knowledge itself is of importance because of its bearing upon what he needs to do and to make. It helps him in clarifying his wants, in constructing his ends and in finding means for realizing them. There exist, in other words, values as well as known facts and principles, and philosophy is concerned primarily with values—with the ends for the sake of which man acts. Given the most extensive and accurate system of knowledge, man is still confronted with the question of what he is going to do about it and what he is going to do with the knowledge in his possession.
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问答题Practice 6 I have known very few writers, but those I have known, and whom I respect, confess at once that they have little idea where they are going when they first set pen to paper. They have a character, perhaps two; they are in that condition of eager discomfort which passes for inspiration; all admit radical changes of destination once the journey has begun; one, to my certain knowledge, spent nine months on a novel about Kashmir, then reset the whole thing in Scottish Highlands. I have never heard anyone making a ‘skeleton’, as we were taught at school. In the breaking and remarking, in the timing, interweaving, beginning afresh, the writer comes to concern things in his material which were not consciously in his mind when he began. This organic process, often leading to moments of extraordinary self-discovery, is of an indescribable fascination. A blurred image appears; he adds a brushstroke and another, and it is gone; but something was there, and he will not rest till he has captured it. Sometimes the years within a writer outlives a book he has written. I have heard of writers who read nothing but their own books; like adolescents they stand before the mirror, and still cannot fathom the exact outline of the vision before them. For the same reason, writers talk interminably about their own books, winkling out hidden meanings, super-imposing new ones, begging response from those around them. Of course a writer doing this is misunderstood: he might as well try to explain a crime or a love affair. He is also, incidentally, an unforgivable bore. This temptation to cover the distance between himself and the reader, to study his image in the sight of those who do not know him, can be his undoing: he has begun to write to please. A young English writer made the pertinent observation a year or two back that the talent goes into the first draft, and the art into the drafts that follow. For this reason also the writer, like any other artist, has no resting place, no crowd or movement in which he may take comfort, no judgment from outside which can replace the judgment from within. A writer makes order out of the anarchy of his heart; he submits himself to a more ruthless discipline than any critic dreamed of, and when he flirts with fame, he is taking time off from living with himself, from the search for what his world contains at its inmost point.
考题
单选题The writer used an Arabic story to prove that _____.A
coffee was first discovered by KaldiB
coffee was first discovered by Kaldi's goatsC
coffee was first discovered in South American countriesD
coffee drinks were first made by Arabs
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