单选题Some people argue that it would do more harm than good for plants and animals to develop through artificial selection. Which statement best supports this argument?A Roses no longer smell like roses.B Purebred dogs are disappearing.C Humans are harmful agents of plant and animal evolution.D Many domesticated plants and animals can no longer survive in the wild.

考题 The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, __1__ this is largely because, __2__ animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are __3__ to perceiving those smells which float through the air, __4__ the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, __5__, we are extremely sensitive to smells, __6__ we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of __7__ human smells even when these are __8__ to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, __9__ others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate __10__ smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send __11__ to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell __12__ can suddenly become sensitive to it when __13__ to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it __14__ to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can __15__ new receptors if necessary. This may __16__ explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be. We are not __17__ of the usual smell of our own house but we __18__ new smells when we visit someone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors __19__ for unfamiliar and emergency signals __20__ the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1________________[A] although[B] as[C] but[D] while

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考题 The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, paragraph l) implies that ________.[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys’ nature[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions

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考题 —Which subject do you like______?—I like chemistry than any other one.A. better, betterB. best, betterC. best, bestD. better, best

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考题 Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Certain animals and plants develop characteristics(特性)that help them cope with their environment better than others of their kind. This natural biological process is called adaptation(适应性). Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food or shelter，in providing protection，and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organisms that are better fitted to their environments.Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way，but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class. A plant，for example，depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals. It depends upon its green leaves for using the sun's energy to make food from inorganic chemicals. These are general adaptations，common to most plants. In addition，there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have. Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies. Some insects are hidden by their body color or shape，and many look like a leaf or a little branch. The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings. Many animals have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near.Organisms have a great variety of ways for adapting. They may adapt in their structure，function，and genetics(遗传素质)；in their development and production of the young；and in other respects. An organism may create its own environment，as do warm-blooded mammals. which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usually adaptations are an advantage，but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that，if conditions Change，it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions.Some plants and animals develop superior characteristics so that they may______.A. help others of their kind get food，shelter and other things neededB. get into the biological process of adaptationC. become better adapted to the environments than others of their kindD. lead to the evolution and production of more and more organisms

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考题 Most animals have little connection with animals of different kind, unless they hunt them for food. Sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership ( 伙伴关系 ) which does good to both of them. You may have noticed some birds sitting on the backs of sheep. This is not because they want a ride, but because they find easy food in the parasites (寄生虫 ) on sheep. The sheep allow the birds to do so because they remove the cause of discomfort. So although they can manage without each other, they do better together.Sometimes an animal has a plant partner. The relationship develops until the two partners cannot manage without each other. This is so in the corals ( 珊瑚 ) of the sea. In their skins they have tiny plants act as "dustman", taking some of the waste products form. the corals and giving in return oxygen which the animal needs to breathe. If the plants are killed, or are ever prevented from lighting so that they cannot live normally, the corals will die.1、Some birds like to sit on a sheep because ( ).A、they can eat its parasitesB、 they depend on the sheep for existenceC、 they enjoy traveling with the sheepD、 they find the position most comfortable2、The underlined word "they" in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to ( ).A、birds and parasitesB、birds and sheepC、parasites and sheepD、sheep, birds and parasites3、What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? ( )A、Some animals and plants depend on each other for existence.B、 Some animals and plants develop their relationship easily.C、 Some plants depend on each other for fooD、 Some animals live better together.4、What does this article talk about? ( )A、Two kinds of animals for a partnership.B、Most animals only have connection with animals.C、The connection between the living things.D、Corals have some connection with plants.

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考题 Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET II. ( 10 points)Do animals have rights.'? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground clearing way to start. 46) Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none. 47) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore, animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd, for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people—4or instance to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations.In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it, how do you reply to somebody who says "I don' t like this contract" ?The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. 48 ) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consider- ation humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?Many deny it. 49) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake—a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.This view which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely "logical". In fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is right to reject it. The most elementary form. of moral reasoning—the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl—is to weigh others' interests against one's own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. 50)When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind' s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.46.____________________

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考题 The research mentioned in the last paragraph reports thatA．people with dogs did more exerciseB．dogs lost the same weight as people didC．dogs liked exercise much more than people didD．people without dogs found the program unhelpful

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考题共用题干 Who Want to Live Forever?If your doctor could give you a drug that would let you live a healthy life for twice as long,would you take it?The good news is that we may be drawing near to that date.Scientists have already extended the lives of flies,worms and mice in laboratories.Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years.This seems a great idea.Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams,spending time with our loved ones,watching our families grow and have families of their own."Longer life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking," says Dr.Gregory Stock of the University of California School of Public Health."It would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work."Longer lives don't just affect the people who live them.They also affect society as a whole."We have war,poverty,all sorts of issues around,and I don't think any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer,"says US bioethicist Daniel Callahan."The question is‘What will we get as a society?'I suspect it won't be a better society."It would certainly be a very different society.People are already finding it more difficult to stay married.Divorce rates are rising.What would happen to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years?And what would happen to family life if 9 or 10 generations of the same family were all alive at the same time? Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer.And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents,or brothers and sisters born 50 years apart.We think of an elder sibling as someone who can protect us and offer help and advice.That would be hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation.Working life would also be affected,especially if the retirement age was lifted.More people would stay in work for longer.That would give us the benefits of age-skill,wisdom and good judgment.On the other hand,more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs.It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job.Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals,making career progress more difficult.And how easily would a 25 -year-old employee be able to communicate with a 1 25 -year-old boss?Young people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140.It may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding and educating young people,and more on making life comfortable for the old.And society would feel very different if more of its members were older.There would be more wisdom, but less energy.Young people like to move about.Old people like to sit still.Young people tend to act without thinking.Old people tend to think without acting.Young people are curious and like to cxperience different things.Old people are less enthusiastic about change.In fact,they are less,enthusiastic about everything.The effect of anti一ageing technology is deeper than we might think.But as the science advances,we need to think about these changes now."If this could ever happen,then we'd better ask what kind of society we want to get,"says Daniel Callahan."We had better not go anywhere near it until we have figure those problems out." Which of the following is implied in the sixth paragraph?A:Marriages in the US today are quite unstable.B:More and more people in the US today want to get married.C:Living longer would make it easier for people to maintain their marital ties.D:If people live longer,they would stay in marriage longer.

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考题共用题干第一篇If your doctor could give you a drug that would let you live a healthy life for twice as long, would you take it?The good news is that we may be drawing near to that date.Scientists have already extended the lives of flies,worms and mice in laboratories. Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years.This seems a great idea. Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams,spending time with our loved ones,watching our families grow and have families of their own."Longer life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking,"says Dr Gregory Stock of the University of California School of Public Health."It would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work."Longer lives don't just affect the people who live them. They also affect society as a whole. "We have war,poverty,all sorts of issues around,and I don't think any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer,"says US bioethicist Daniel Callahan,"The question is what we will get as a society?I suspect it won't be a better society."It would certainly be a very different society. People are already finding it more difficult to stay married. Divorce rates are rising. What would happen to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years? And what would happen to family life if 9 or 10 generations of the same family were all alive at the same time?Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer. And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents,or brothers and sisters born 50 years apart. We think of an elder sibling as someone who can protect us and offer help and advice. That would be hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation.Working life would also be affected,especially if the retirement age was lifted.More people would stay in work for longer. That would give us the benefits of age一skill,wisdom and good judgment.On the other hand,more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals,making career progress more difficult. And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss?Young people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140.It may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding and educating young people,and more on making life comfortable for the old.And society would feel very different if more of its members were older. There would be more wisdom,but less energy.Young people like to move about. Old people like to sit still.Young people tend to act without thinking.Old people tend to think without acting.Young people are curious and like to experience different things.Old people are less enthusiastic about change.In fact,they are less enthusiastic about everything.The effect of anti-ageing technology is deeper than we might think.But as the science advances,we need to think about these changes now."If this could ever happen,then we'd better ask what kind of society we want to get,"says Daniel Callahan."We had better not go anywhere near it until we have figure those problems out."Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the things that living longer might enable an individual to do?A:Spending more time with his family.B:Having more education.C:Realizing more dreams.D:Working longer.

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考题共用题干 Adaptation of Living ThingsCertain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than others of their kind.This natural biological process is called adaptation.Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that may help in getting food or shelter,in providing protection,and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organisms（生物体）that are better fitted to their environments.Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way,but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class.A plant,for example,depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and toabsorb water and inorganic chemicals（无机物）.It depends upon its green leaves for using the sun's energy to make food from inorganic chemicals.These are general adaptations,common to most plants .In addition,there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have.Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies.Some are hidden by their body color or shape,and many look like a leaf or a little branch.The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings .Many animals .have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near.Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting.They may adapt in their structure,func-tion,and genetics;in their development and production of the young;and in other respects.An organism may create its own environment, as do warm-blooded mammals（哺乳动物）,which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather.Usually adaptations are an advantage,but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that if conditions change,it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions. Some plants and animals develop superior characteristics so that they may＿____.A: help others of their kind get food,shelter and other things neededB: survive even in extremely severe conditionsC: become better adapted to the environments than others of their kindD: result in the evolution and production of more intelligent organisms

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考题共用题干 Ecosystem1. The word “ecosystem” is short for ecological（生态的）system. An ecosystem is where living creatures expand within a given area. You can say that an ecosystem is the natural environment where biological organisms（生物）such as plants,animals and humans co-exist in this world. So naturally that includes you and me. Yes,we are all members of an ecosystem!2 .There are different kinds of ecosystems depending on the type of surface or environ-ment. Most are naturally made such as the ocean or lake and the desert or rainforest.Some are man-made or artificial to encourage co-habitation（同居）between living and non-living things in a monitored environment,such as a zoo or garden.3 .Plants make up the biggest group of biological creatures within an ecosystem,and that's because they are the natural food producers for everyone. Plants raised in the earth need air and collect sunlight to help them grow. When they grow,the plants and its fruits or flowers eventually become a source of food to animals,microorganisms（微生物）and even hu- mans,of course. Food is then converted to energy for the rest of us to function,and this hap-pens in a never-ending cycle until the living creatures die and break up back in the earth.4 .Ecosystems are the basis of survival for all living things.We depend on plants and ani-mals for food. In order for us to exist,we need to grow and care about other organisms. We also need to care for the non-living things within our environment like our air and water so we can continue living as a population. Since plants,animals and humans are all of various species（物种）,we all play a role in maintaining the ecosystem.5 .To preserve our ecosystems,we should stop using too much energy,which happens when we consume more than our share of resources. Humans should not disturb the natural habitat（栖息地）of plants and animals,and allow them to grow healthily for the cycle to con-tinue. Too many people in a habitat can mean displacement（搬迁）: imagine being thrown out of your home because there is no more space for everyone. Worse,overpopulation can also ru- in the environment and cause destruction of existing plants and animals.Plants,animals and humans are all effective in______.A: our share of resourcesB: a biological creatureC: a given areaD: the maintenance of the ecosystemE: the source of foodF: various species

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考题共用题干 Ecosystem1. The word “ecosystem” is short for ecological（生态的）system. An ecosystem is where living creatures expand within a given area. You can say that an ecosystem is the natural environment where biological organisms（生物）such as plants,animals and humans co-exist in this world. So naturally that includes you and me. Yes,we are all members of an ecosystem!2 .There are different kinds of ecosystems depending on the type of surface or environ-ment. Most are naturally made such as the ocean or lake and the desert or rainforest.Some are man-made or artificial to encourage co-habitation（同居）between living and non-living things in a monitored environment,such as a zoo or garden.3 .Plants make up the biggest group of biological creatures within an ecosystem,and that's because they are the natural food producers for everyone. Plants raised in the earth need air and collect sunlight to help them grow. When they grow,the plants and its fruits or flowers eventually become a source of food to animals,microorganisms（微生物）and even hu- mans,of course. Food is then converted to energy for the rest of us to function,and this hap-pens in a never-ending cycle until the living creatures die and break up back in the earth.4 .Ecosystems are the basis of survival for all living things.We depend on plants and ani-mals for food. In order for us to exist,we need to grow and care about other organisms. We also need to care for the non-living things within our environment like our air and water so we can continue living as a population. Since plants,animals and humans are all of various species（物种）,we all play a role in maintaining the ecosystem.5 .To preserve our ecosystems,we should stop using too much energy,which happens when we consume more than our share of resources. Humans should not disturb the natural habitat（栖息地）of plants and animals,and allow them to grow healthily for the cycle to con-tinue. Too many people in a habitat can mean displacement（搬迁）: imagine being thrown out of your home because there is no more space for everyone. Worse,overpopulation can also ru- in the environment and cause destruction of existing plants and animals.To protect our ecosystems we should not use more than______.A: our share of resourcesB: a biological creatureC: a given areaD: the maintenance of the ecosystemE: the source of foodF: various species

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考题共用题干 Study Says Dogs Can Smell CancerDogs are known for their sense of smell. They can find missing people and things like bombs and illegal drugs .Now a study suggests that the animal known as man's best friend can even find bladder（膀胧）cancer.Cancer cells are thought to produce chemicals with unusual odors（气味）.Researchers think dogs have the ability to smell these odors,even in very small amounts,in urine（尿）.The sense of smell in dogs is thousands of times better than in humans.The study follows reports of cases where,for example,a dog showed great interest in a growth on the leg of its owner. The mole（痣）was later found to be skin cancer.Carolyn Willis led a team of researchers at Amersham Hospital in England.They trained different kinds of dogs for the experiment. The study involved urine collected from bladder cancer patie nts,from people with other diseases and from healthy people.Each dog was tested eight times.In each test there were seven samples for the dogs to smell.The dog was supposed to signal the one from a bladder cancer patient by lying down next to it.Two cocker spaniels（短腿长毛垂耳小猎犬）were correct fifty-six percent of the time. But the scientists reported an average success rate of forty-one percent.As a group,the study found that the dogs chose the correct sample twenty-two out of fifty-four times .That is almost three times more often than would be expected by chance alone.The British Medical Journal published the research .In all,thirty-six bladder cancer patients and one hundred and eight other people took part.During training,all the dogs reportedly even identified a cancer in a person who had testedhealthy before the study.Doctors found a growth on the person's right kidney（肾）.Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide.The International Agency for Research on Cancer says this disease kills more than one hundred thousand people each year. Doctors say cigarette smoking is the leading cause of bladder cancer.The person who had tested healthy before the study______.A: dropped outB: passed awayC: was found to have cancerD: was found to remain healthy

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考题共用题干 Study Says Dogs Can Smell CancerDogs are known for their sense of smell. They can find missing people and things like bombs and illegal drugs .Now a study suggests that the animal known as man's best friend can even find bladder（膀胧）cancer.Cancer cells are thought to produce chemicals with unusual odors（气味）.Researchers think dogs have the ability to smell these odors,even in very small amounts,in urine（尿）.The sense of smell in dogs is thousands of times better than in humans.The study follows reports of cases where,for example,a dog showed great interest in a growth on the leg of its owner. The mole（痣）was later found to be skin cancer.Carolyn Willis led a team of researchers at Amersham Hospital in England.They trained different kinds of dogs for the experiment. The study involved urine collected from bladder cancer patie nts,from people with other diseases and from healthy people.Each dog was tested eight times.In each test there were seven samples for the dogs to smell.The dog was supposed to signal the one from a bladder cancer patient by lying down next to it.Two cocker spaniels（短腿长毛垂耳小猎犬）were correct fifty-six percent of the time. But the scientists reported an average success rate of forty-one percent.As a group,the study found that the dogs chose the correct sample twenty-two out of fifty-four times .That is almost three times more often than would be expected by chance alone.The British Medical Journal published the research .In all,thirty-six bladder cancer patients and one hundred and eight other people took part.During training,all the dogs reportedly even identified a cancer in a person who had testedhealthy before the study.Doctors found a growth on the person's right kidney（肾）.Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide.The International Agency for Research on Cancer says this disease kills more than one hundred thousand people each year. Doctors say cigarette smoking is the leading cause of bladder cancer. Which is NOT true of bladder cancer?A: It is the 9th most common cancer worldwide.B: It can be identified only by dogs.C: It kills more than 100,000 people each year.D: It is mainly caused by smoking.

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考题共用题干 Personality and Career1.When you select your career,there's a whole lot more to it than assessing your skills and matching them with a particular position.If you ignore your personality,it will hurt you long-term regardless of your skills or the job's pay.There are several areas of your personality that you need to consider to help you find a good job.2. There are isolating（使孤立）jobs that will drive an outgoing person crazy and also interactive jobs that will make a shy person uneasy.Most people are not extremes in either direction but do have a tendency that they prefer. There are also positions that are sometimes a combination of the two, which may be best for someone in the middle who adapts easily to either situation.3.Most jobs these days have some elements of change to them,but some are more than others. If you need stability in your life,you may need a job where the changes don't happen so often.Other people would be bored of the same daily routine.4.There are people who are happy to spend more than 40 hours a week on a computer,while there are others who need a lot of human interaction throughout the day.Again,these are extremes and you'll likely find a lot of positions somewhere in the middle as well.5.Some people prefer a smaller setting where you'll get to know almost all the people there fairly quickly to being in a large building with a lot of people you won't know immediately.6.Anyway,these are a great starting point for you.I've seen it over and over again with people that they make more money over time when they do something they love.It may take you a little longer,but making a move to do what you have a passion for can change the course of your life for the better.Paragraph 2_________A:Do you enjoy working with computers?B:How do you like to get paid?C:Do you prefer working alone or with other people?D:Do you prefer indoor jobs or outdoor jobs?E:How do you handle change?F: What type of work environment do you enjoy?

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考题共用题干 Study Says Dogs Can Smell CancerDogs are known for their sense of smell. They can find missing people and things like bombs and illegal drugs .Now a study suggests that the animal known as man's best friend can even find bladder（膀胧）cancer.Cancer cells are thought to produce chemicals with unusual odors（气味）.Researchers think dogs have the ability to smell these odors,even in very small amounts,in urine（尿）.The sense of smell in dogs is thousands of times better than in humans.The study follows reports of cases where,for example,a dog showed great interest in a growth on the leg of its owner. The mole（痣）was later found to be skin cancer.Carolyn Willis led a team of researchers at Amersham Hospital in England.They trained different kinds of dogs for the experiment. The study involved urine collected from bladder cancer patie nts,from people with other diseases and from healthy people.Each dog was tested eight times.In each test there were seven samples for the dogs to smell.The dog was supposed to signal the one from a bladder cancer patient by lying down next to it.Two cocker spaniels（短腿长毛垂耳小猎犬）were correct fifty-six percent of the time. But the scientists reported an average success rate of forty-one percent.As a group,the study found that the dogs chose the correct sample twenty-two out of fifty-four times .That is almost three times more often than would be expected by chance alone.The British Medical Journal published the research .In all,thirty-six bladder cancer patients and one hundred and eight other people took part.During training,all the dogs reportedly even identified a cancer in a person who had testedhealthy before the study.Doctors found a growth on the person's right kidney（肾）.Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide.The International Agency for Research on Cancer says this disease kills more than one hundred thousand people each year. Doctors say cigarette smoking is the leading cause of bladder cancer. Participants in the experiment were______.A: 36 bladder cancer patientsB: 144 cancer patientsC: 108 healthy peopleD:.144 sick and healthy people

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考题共用题干第二篇Study Says Dogs Can Smell CancerDogs are known for their sense of smell.They can find missing people and things like bombs and illegal drugs.Now a study suggests that the animal known as man's best friend can even find bladder（膀胱）cancer.Cancer cells are thought to produce chemicals with unusual odors（气味）. Researchers think dogs have the ability to smell these odors,even in very small amounts,in urine（尿）.The sense of smell in dogs is thousands of times better than in humans.The study follows reports of cases where,for example,a dog showed great interest in a growth on the leg of its owner.The mole（痣）was later found to be skin cancer.Carolyn Willis led a team of researchers at Arnersham Hospital in England.They trained different kinds of dogs for the experiment.The study involved urine collected from biadder cancer patients,from people with other diseases and from healthy people.Each dog was tested eight times.In each test there were seven samples for the dogs to smell.The dog was supposed to signal the one from a bladder cancer patient by lying down next to it,Two cocker spaniels（短腿长毛垂耳小猎犬）were correct fifty-six percent of the time.But the scientists reported an average success rate of forty-one percent.As a group,the study found that the dogs chose the correct sample twenty-two out of fifty-four times.That is almost three times more often than would be expected by chance alone.The British Medical Journal published the research.In all,thirty-six bladder cancer patients and one hundred and eight other people took part.During training,all the dogs reportedly even identified a cancer in a person who had tested healthy before the study,Doctors found a growth on the person's right kidney(肾）.Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide.The International Agency for Research on Cancer says this disease kills more than one hundred thousand people each year.Doctors say cigarette smoking is the leading cause of bladder cancer. The dogs' average success rate wasA:56%. B:41%.C:22%. D:54%.

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考题共用题干第二篇Study Says Dogs Can Smell CancerDogs are known for their sense of smell.They can find missing people and things like bombs and illegal drugs.Now a study suggests that the animal known as man's best friend can even find bladder（膀胱）cancer.Cancer cells are thought to produce chemicals with unusual odors（气味）. Researchers think dogs have the ability to smell these odors,even in very small amounts,in urine（尿）.The sense of smell in dogs is thousands of times better than in humans.The study follows reports of cases where,for example,a dog showed great interest in a growth on the leg of its owner.The mole（痣）was later found to be skin cancer.Carolyn Willis led a team of researchers at Arnersham Hospital in England.They trained different kinds of dogs for the experiment.The study involved urine collected from biadder cancer patients,from people with other diseases and from healthy people.Each dog was tested eight times.In each test there were seven samples for the dogs to smell.The dog was supposed to signal the one from a bladder cancer patient by lying down next to it,Two cocker spaniels（短腿长毛垂耳小猎犬）were correct fifty-six percent of the time.But the scientists reported an average success rate of forty-one percent.As a group,the study found that the dogs chose the correct sample twenty-two out of fifty-four times.That is almost three times more often than would be expected by chance alone.The British Medical Journal published the research.In all,thirty-six bladder cancer patients and one hundred and eight other people took part.During training,all the dogs reportedly even identified a cancer in a person who had tested healthy before the study,Doctors found a growth on the person's right kidney(肾）.Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide.The International Agency for Research on Cancer says this disease kills more than one hundred thousand people each year.Doctors say cigarette smoking is the leading cause of bladder cancer. Participants in the experiment wereA:36 bladder cancer patients. B:144 cancer patients.C:1 08 healthy people. D:144 sick and healthy people.

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考题共用题干 Ecosystem1 The word " ecosystem" is short for ecological（生态的）system. An ecosystem is where living crea- tures expand within a given area.You can say that an ecosystem is the natural environment where biologicalorganisms（生物）such as plants,animals and humans co-exist in this world. So naturally that includes you and mne.Yes,we are all members of an ecosystem!2 There are different kinds of ecosystems depending on the type of suiface or environment. Most are naturally made 5uch as the ocean or lake and the desert or rainforest.Some are man-made or artificial to en- courage co-habitation（共居）between living and non-living things in a monitored environment,such as azoo or garden.3 Plants make up the biggest group of biological creatures within an ecosystem,and that's because they are the natural food producers for everyone.Plants raised in the earth need air and collect sunlight to help them grow.When they grow,the plants and their加its or flowers eventually become a source of food to animals,microorganisms (微生物）and even humans, of course. Food is then converted to energy for the rest of us to function,and this happens in a never-ending cycle until the living creatures die and break up back in the earth.4 Ecosystems are the basis of survival for all living things.We depend on plants and animals for food. In order for us to exist,we need to grow and care about other organisms.We also need tO care for the non一living things within our environment like our air and water so we can continue living as a population.Since plants, animals and humans are all of various species（物种）,we all play a role in maintaining the ecosystem.5 To preserve our ecosystems,we should stop using too much energy,which happens汕en we consume more than our share of resources. Humans should not disturb the natural habitat（栖息地）of plants and animals, and should allow them to grow healthily for the cycle to continue.Too many people in a habitat can mean dis- placement（搬迁）:imagine being thrown out of your home because there is no more space for everyone. Worse,overpopulation can also ruin the environment and cause destruction of existing plants and animals. Paragraph 3_______A: What Can We Do to Help Protect Ecosystems?B:What Are Different Types of Ecosystems？ C:What Is an Ecosystem？D: What Destroys Ecosystems? E:How does an Ecosystem Work?F: Why Are Ecosystems Important？

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考题共用题干第三篇Archive Gallery: The Best of Bionics（仿生学）Humans might be the most highly-evolved species on the planet,but most animals possess skills we canonly dream of having.Imagine how much electricity we could save if we could see in the dark the way cats do. Imagine leaping from tree to tree like a monkey.Giraffes（长颈鹿）,which are otherwise calm and good-natured,sleep only 4.6 hours a day.We realized a long,long time ago that nature provides the best blueprint（蓝图）for invention.We've borrowed canals from beavers（河狸）and reflectors from cat's eyes.Although the words "bionics" became popular only after the 1960s,history shows that nature has always provided ideas on solving everyday prob- lems. Our archives（档案）don't go back to the time of Leonardo da Vinci and his bird-like flying machines, but we can take you to the late 19th century,where we applied those same principles for building our firstpractical airplanes.To prepare for their flight at Kitty Hawk,the Wright brothers studied the movements of pigeons to figure out how they stayed high up when they were heavier than air. Their success inspired scores of successors to improve on the airplane by studying various aspects of nature,One of Orville Wright’、pupils caught and stuffed seagulls to examine their wingspan.Meanwhile,two French inventors examined spinning sycamore（美国梧桐）seeds in an effort to apply those same motions,reversed,to a helicopter.Some examples are more obvious than others.The outside of the airplane designed by the Wright brothers looks like a minimalistic（简单抽象艺术）structure. On the other hand , Barney Connett ' s fishsubmarine（潜水艇）actually looks like a fish.Some bio-inspired concepts have yet to be invented.In the 1960s，the US Army commissioned several university professors to conduct research on the motor skills of animals in hope of applying those same abili- ties to tanks. Tanks that run like horses or jump like grasshoppers（蚂昨）一sounds shocking,doesn't it? But imagine how life would change if we could achieve that. What happened after the Wright brothers' success?A:People carried out a systematic study on pigeons.B:People could fly their airplanes for fun.C:People kept their airplanes at a French gallery.D:People studied more animals and plants to develop the airplane.

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考题共用题干 Ecosystem1 The word " ecosystem" is short for ecological（生态的）system. An ecosystem is where living crea- tures expand within a given area.You can say that an ecosystem is the natural environment where biologicalorganisms（生物）such as plants,animals and humans co-exist in this world. So naturally that includes you and mne.Yes,we are all members of an ecosystem!2 There are different kinds of ecosystems depending on the type of suiface or environment. Most are naturally made 5uch as the ocean or lake and the desert or rainforest.Some are man-made or artificial to en- courage co-habitation（共居）between living and non-living things in a monitored environment,such as azoo or garden.3 Plants make up the biggest group of biological creatures within an ecosystem,and that's because they are the natural food producers for everyone.Plants raised in the earth need air and collect sunlight to help them grow.When they grow,the plants and their加its or flowers eventually become a source of food to animals,microorganisms (微生物）and even humans, of course. Food is then converted to energy for the rest of us to function,and this happens in a never-ending cycle until the living creatures die and break up back in the earth.4 Ecosystems are the basis of survival for all living things.We depend on plants and animals for food. In order for us to exist,we need to grow and care about other organisms.We also need tO care for the non一living things within our environment like our air and water so we can continue living as a population.Since plants, animals and humans are all of various species（物种）,we all play a role in maintaining the ecosystem.5 To preserve our ecosystems,we should stop using too much energy,which happens汕en we consume more than our share of resources. Humans should not disturb the natural habitat（栖息地）of plants and animals, and should allow them to grow healthily for the cycle to continue.Too many people in a habitat can mean dis- placement（搬迁）:imagine being thrown out of your home because there is no more space for everyone. Worse,overpopulation can also ruin the environment and cause destruction of existing plants and animals.In an ecosystem,plants,animals and humans live together in________.A:our share of resoureesB:a biological creatureC:a given areaD:the maintenance of the ecosystemE:the source of foodF:various species

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考题共用题干 Ecosystem1 The word " ecosystem" is short for ecological（生态的）system. An ecosystem is where living crea- tures expand within a given area.You can say that an ecosystem is the natural environment where biologicalorganisms（生物）such as plants,animals and humans co-exist in this world. So naturally that includes you and mne.Yes,we are all members of an ecosystem!2 There are different kinds of ecosystems depending on the type of suiface or environment. Most are naturally made 5uch as the ocean or lake and the desert or rainforest.Some are man-made or artificial to en- courage co-habitation（共居）between living and non-living things in a monitored environment,such as azoo or garden.3 Plants make up the biggest group of biological creatures within an ecosystem,and that's because they are the natural food producers for everyone.Plants raised in the earth need air and collect sunlight to help them grow.When they grow,the plants and their加its or flowers eventually become a source of food to animals,microorganisms (微生物）and even humans, of course. Food is then converted to energy for the rest of us to function,and this happens in a never-ending cycle until the living creatures die and break up back in the earth.4 Ecosystems are the basis of survival for all living things.We depend on plants and animals for food. In order for us to exist,we need to grow and care about other organisms.We also need tO care for the non一living things within our environment like our air and water so we can continue living as a population.Since plants, animals and humans are all of various species（物种）,we all play a role in maintaining the ecosystem.5 To preserve our ecosystems,we should stop using too much energy,which happens汕en we consume more than our share of resources. Humans should not disturb the natural habitat（栖息地）of plants and animals, and should allow them to grow healthily for the cycle to continue.Too many people in a habitat can mean dis- placement（搬迁）:imagine being thrown out of your home because there is no more space for everyone. Worse,overpopulation can also ruin the environment and cause destruction of existing plants and animals.To protect our ecosystems we should not use more than_________.A:our share of resoureesB:a biological creatureC:a given areaD:the maintenance of the ecosystemE:the source of foodF:various species

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考题单选题Why do some people get sick after drinking the water from the river?A Because the river is pollutedB Because the river makes the earth more beautifulC Because the river can only offer water to animalsD Because there are too many animals and plants in the river

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考题单选题According to some scientists, the computer will do much harm to people’s health as smoking and drugs do.A does much harm...smokingB will do as much harm...cigarettesC will do so much harm...smokingD does as much harm...cigarettes

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考题单选题Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the result of artificial selection by humanity?A Many new kinds of plants and animals are produced.B Financial gain is increased considerably by producing better plants and animals.C Humans are able to control plant and animal reproduction for humans’ pleasure.D It is necessary for humans to maintain the artificial environments.

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考题问答题Directions：Please write an essay in about 150 words entitled “To Travel or Not” based on the following outline1) People who like traveling have their reasons. 2) Those who dislike traveling have their reasons. 3) In my opinion, traveling does more good than harm.

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考题问答题Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start. 1) Actually, it isn’t, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.　　On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none. 2) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.Therefore, animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd, for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people—for instance to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented to it, how do you reply to somebody who says “I don’t like this contract”?　　The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. 3) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?　　Many deny it. 4) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake—a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.　　This view which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely “logical.” In fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is right to reject it. The most elementary form of moral reasoning—the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl—is to weigh others’ interests against one’s own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. 5) When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.

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