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共用题干
第三篇

Eat More, Weigh Less, Live Longer

Clever genetic detective work may have found out the reason why a near-starvation diet
prolonas the life of many animals.
Ronald Kahn at Harvard Medical School in Boston,U.S.,and his colleagues nave
been able to extend the lifespan（寿命）of mice by 18 per cent by blocking the rodent's(啮
齿动物）increase of fat in specific cells.This suggests that thinness一and not necessarily
diet一Iromotes lonq life in"calorie（热量卡）restricted" animals.
"It's very cool work",says aging researche:Cynthia Kenyon of the University ot
California, San Francisc."These mice eat all they want, lose weight and live longer.It's
like heaven."
Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms
and rodents.Whether this works in humans is still unknown,partly because few people are
willina to submit to such a strict diet.
But many researchers hope they will be able to trigger the same effect with a drug once
they understand how less food leads to a longer life.One theory is that eating less reduces
the increase of harmful things that can damage cells.But Kahn's team wondered whether
the animals simply benefit by becoming thin.
To find out, they used biology tricks to disrupt the insulin（胰岛素）receptor (受体)
gene in lab mice一but only in their fat cells."Since insulin is needed to help fat cells store
fat ,these animals were protected against becoming fat,"explains Kahn.
This slight genetic change in a single tissue had dramatic effects.By three months of
age.Kahn's modified mice had up to 70 per cent less body fat than normal control mice,
despite the fact that they ate 55 per cent more food per gram of body weight.
In addition ,their lifespan increased.The average control mouse lived 753 days,while
the thin rodents averaged a lifespan of 887 days.After three years,all the control mice had
died.but one-quarter of the modified rodents were still alive.
"That they ciet these effects by just manipulating the fat cells is controversial,"says
Leonard Guarente of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,who studies calorie
restriction and aging.
But Guarente says Kahn has yet to prove that the same effect is responsible for
increased lifespan in calorie-restricted animals."It might be the same effect or there might
be two routes to long life,"he points out,"and that would be very interesting."

What can be inferred from the passage about the route to long life?
A:It remains to be studied.
B:It has already been discovered.
C:Eating more leads to long life.
D:Eating less leads to long life.

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参考解析
解析：
更多 “共用题干 第三篇Eat More, Weigh Less, Live LongerClever genetic detective work may have found out the reason why a near-starvation diet prolonas the life of many animals.Ronald Kahn at Harvard Medical School in Boston,U.S.,and his colleagues navebeen able to extend the lifespan（寿命）of mice by 18 per cent by blocking the rodent's(啮齿动物）increase of fat in specific cells.This suggests that thinness一and not necessarily diet一Iromotes lonq life in"calorie（热量卡）restricted" animals."It's very cool work",says aging researche:Cynthia Kenyon of the University ot California, San Francisc."These mice eat all they want, lose weight and live longer.It's like heaven."Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodents.Whether this works in humans is still unknown,partly because few people are willina to submit to such a strict diet.But many researchers hope they will be able to trigger the same effect with a drug once they understand how less food leads to a longer life.One theory is that eating less reduces the increase of harmful things that can damage cells.But Kahn's team wondered whether the animals simply benefit by becoming thin.To find out, they used biology tricks to disrupt the insulin（胰岛素）receptor (受体)gene in lab mice一but only in their fat cells."Since insulin is needed to help fat cells storefat ,these animals were protected against becoming fat,"explains Kahn.This slight genetic change in a single tissue had dramatic effects.By three months of age.Kahn's modified mice had up to 70 per cent less body fat than normal control mice,despite the fact that they ate 55 per cent more food per gram of body weight.In addition ,their lifespan increased.The average control mouse lived 753 days,while the thin rodents averaged a lifespan of 887 days.After three years,all the control mice had died.but one-quarter of the modified rodents were still alive."That they ciet these effects by just manipulating the fat cells is controversial,"saysLeonard Guarente of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,who studies calorie restriction and aging.But Guarente says Kahn has yet to prove that the same effect is responsible forincreased lifespan in calorie-restricted animals."It might be the same effect or there might be two routes to long life,"he points out,"and that would be very interesting." What can be inferred from the passage about the route to long life?A:It remains to be studied.B:It has already been discovered.C:Eating more leads to long life.D:Eating less leads to long life.” 相关考题
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考题 共用题干 第一篇A meager（不足的）diet may give you health and long life, but it's not much fun一and it might not even be necessary. We may be able to hang on to most of that youthful（有青春活力的）vigor （精力）even if we don't start to diet until old age.Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouse's liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. The genetic rejuvenation（恢复活力，返老还童） won't reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse,but could help its liver metabolize（使进入新陈代谢过程）drugs or get rid of toxins.Spindler's team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives,and fed another three on half-rations.Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed for a month when they were 34 months old一equivalent to about 70 human years.The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers,and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice.The changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical production一probably bad news for mouse health.In the mice that had dieted all their lives,27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes.But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 percent of these gene changes."This is the first indication that these effects kick in pretty quickly",says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington D.C.No one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice,but Spindler is hopeful."There's attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,"he says.If it does work in people,there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get older,our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs,for example.A brief period of time of dieting,says Spindler,could be enough to make sure a. drug is effective.But Spindler isn't sure the trade-off is worth it."The mice get less disease,they live longer,but they're hungry,"he says."Even seeing what a diet does,it's still hard to go to a restaurant and say:I can only eat half of that."Spindler hopes we soon won't need to diet at all. His company,Lifespan Genetics in California, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction.Why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2?A:To describe the influence of old age on mice.B:To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice.C:To tell us how mice's liver genes behave.D:To inform us of the process of metabolizing drugs.
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考题 根据下面资料，回答 Today, people all over the world are moving out of small villages in the country to go and live in big, noisy cities. They are moving from the peaceful hills, mountains, fields, rivers and streams of the countryside to the busy world of streets, buildings, traffic and crowds. This movement from rural areas to urban areas has been going on for over two hundred years. In many countries, the main reason why people come to live in towns and cities is work. After one or two large factories have been built in or near a town, people come to find work, and soon an industrial area begins to grow. There is usually a residential area nearby, where the factory workers can live. The families of these workers need schools, hospitals and shops, so more people come to live in the area to provide these services and a city grows. In every major city in the world, there is a business district where the big companies have their main offices. In the United States, this area is usually in the city centre. It is here that you can see the huge skyscraper office blocks. The people who work here often travel a long way to work each day. Many of them live in the suburbs of the city, far away from the industrial area and the city centre. Some suburbs are very pleasant, with nice houses and big gardens. There are usually parks for children to play in and large department stores where you can buy all you need. But what is the future of the big cities? Will they continue to get bigger? Perhaps not. Some major cities have actually become smaller in the last ten years, and it is quite possible that one day we will see people moving out of the major cities and back into smaller towns and villages. Why do people move to live in cities or towns?A.Because they can live more comfortably there. B.Because they prefer a noisy life to a peaceful life. C.Because they want to find work. D.Because they are sure of having a better life there.
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考题 共用题干 Prolonging Human Life1.Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population.Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago.Because more people live longer,there are more people around at any given time.In fact,it is a decrease in death rates,not an increase in birthrates,that has led to the population explosion.2.Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load.In all societies,people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures,old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die.In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child.3.In most contemporary societies,people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work.We also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age.Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement,somebody else must support them.In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people.Unless they have wealth or private or government insurance,they must often"go on welfare"if they have a serious illness.4.When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves,they create grave problems for their families.In the past and in some traditional cultures,they would be cared for at home until they died.Today,with most members of a household working or in school,there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person.To meet this need,a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups.While a few of these institutions are good,most of them are simply"dumping grounds"for the dying in which"care"is given by poorly paid,overworked,and under-skilled personnel.Paragraph 4________A:The old people are heavy load for the society.B:Prolonging human life may lead to population explosion.C:How to prolong human life.D:Dependency load caused by prolonging human life.E:Increased birthrate helps prolong human life.F: How the old people are cared for when they are getting weak in contemporary society.
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考题 共用题干 Prolonging Human LifeProlonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alivetoday would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago.Becausemore people live longer,there are more people around at any given time. In fact,it is a decrease in death rates,not an increase in birthrates,that has led to the population explosion.Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies,people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures,old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies,people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work;we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement,some-body else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people;unless they have wealth or private or government insur-ance,they must often“go on welfare” if they have a serious illness.When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves,they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures,they would be cared for at home until they died. Today,with most members of a household working or in school,there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need,a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built.These are of-ten profit-making organizations,although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups.While a few of these institutions are good,most of them are simply“dumping grounds”for the dying in which“care”is given by poorly paid,overworked,and under-skilled personnel.According to the passage,which of the following statements about retired people in the United States is true?A: Many of them have a very hard life.B: They cannot live a decent life without enough bank savings.C: They rely mainly on their children for financial support.D: Most of them live with their children and therefore are well looked after.
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考题 共用题干 Prolonging Human Life1.Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population.Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago.Because more people live longer,there are more people around at any given time.In fact,it is a decrease in death rates,not an increase in birthrates,that has led to the population explosion.2.Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load.In all societies,people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures,old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die.In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child.3.In most contemporary societies,people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work.We also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age.Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement,somebody else must support them.In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people.Unless they have wealth or private or government insurance,they must often"go on welfare"if they have a serious illness.4.When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves,they create grave problems for their families.In the past and in some traditional cultures,they would be cared for at home until they died.Today,with most members of a household working or in school,there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person.To meet this need,a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups.While a few of these institutions are good,most of them are simply"dumping grounds"for the dying in which"care"is given by poorly paid,overworked,and under-skilled personnel.Today,with most members of a household working or in school,there is________who can care for a sick or weak person.A:too weak and illB:hunting and gathering culturesC:childhood diseasesD:no one at homeE:epidemic diseases F: traditional cultures
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考题 共用题干 Spelling and WritingThere is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling.No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill.There are , however , vastly different ideas about how to teach it , or how much priority（优先）it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is,how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling?If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teacher's interest,clearly a bright child will be likely to"play safe".He will tend to write only words within his spelling range,choosing to avoid adventurous language .That's why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal ex- perience:"This work is terrible!There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible（难以辨认的）."It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil's technical abilities in writing,but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay,which contamned some beautiful expressions of the child's deep feelings.The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors,but if his priorities had centered on the child's ideas,an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement. Teachers encourage the use of dictionaries so that______.A: students will be able to express their ideas more freelyB: teachers will have less trouble in correcting mistakesC: students will have more confidence in writingD: students will learn to be independent of teachers
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考题 Text 4 Consuming high-quality plant foods such as whole grains,fruits,vegetables,nuts and legumes may substantially lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes,researchers including one of Indian-origin have claimed."This study highlights that even moderate dietary changes in the direction of a healthful plant-based diet can play a significant role in the prevention of type 2 diabetes,"said Ambika Satija from Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health in the US."These findings provide further evidence to support current dietary recommendations for chronic disease prevention,"she said.While previous studies have found links between vegetarian diets and improved health outcomes,including reduced risk of type 2 diabetes,this new study is the first to make distinctions between healthy plant-based diets and less healthy ones that include things like sweetened foods and beverages,which may be detrimental for health.The study also considered the effect of including some animal foods in the diet.Researchers followed more than 200,000 male and female health professionals in the US for more than 20 years who had regularly filled out questionnaires on their diet,lifestyle,medical history,and ncw disease diagnoses as part of three large long-term studies.They evaluated participants'diets using a plant-based diet index in which they assigned plant-derived foods higher scores and animal-derived foods lower scores.The study found that high adherence to a plant-based diet that was low in animal foods was associated with a 20 percent reduced risk of type 2 diabetes compared with low adherence to such a diet,researchers said.Eating a healthy version of a plant-based diet was linked with a 34 per cent lower diabetes risk,while a less healthy version-including foods such as refrned grains,potatoes,and sugar-sweetened beverages-was linked with a 16 per cent increased risk,they said.Even modestly lowering animal food consumption-for example,from 5-6 servings per day to about 4 servings per day-was linked with lower diabetes incidence,the study found."A shift to a dietary pattern higher in healthful plant-based foods,such as vegetables,fruits,whole grains,legumes,nuts,and seeds,and lower in animal-based foods,especially red and processed meats,can confer substantial health benefits in reducing risk of type 2 diabetes,"said Frank Hu from Harvard Chan School.Researchers suggest that healthful plant-based diets could be lowering type 2 diabetes risk because such diets are high in fiber,antioxidants,unsaturated fatty acids,and micronutrients such as magnesium,and are low in saturated fat.Healthy plant foods may also be contributing to a healthy gut microbiome,they said. The best title for the text should be_____A.Plant-Based Diet May Lower Risk ofType 2 Diabetes B.Better Not to Eat Too Many Animal Foods C.We Should Eat Vegetable Foods to Prevent Chronic Diseases D.Plant-Based Diet with High Fiber and Low Fat Is Beneficial
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考题 共用题干 第三篇Eat More, Weigh Less, Live LongerClever genetic detective work may have found out the reason why a near-starvation diet prolonas the life of many animals.Ronald Kahn at Harvard Medical School in Boston,U.S.,and his colleagues navebeen able to extend the lifespan（寿命）of mice by 18 per cent by blocking the rodent's(啮齿动物）increase of fat in specific cells.This suggests that thinness一and not necessarily diet一Iromotes lonq life in"calorie（热量卡）restricted" animals."It's very cool work",says aging researche:Cynthia Kenyon of the University ot California, San Francisc."These mice eat all they want, lose weight and live longer.It's like heaven."Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodents.Whether this works in humans is still unknown,partly because few people are willina to submit to such a strict diet.But many researchers hope they will be able to trigger the same effect with a drug once they understand how less food leads to a longer life.One theory is that eating less reduces the increase of harmful things that can damage cells.But Kahn's team wondered whether the animals simply benefit by becoming thin.To find out, they used biology tricks to disrupt the insulin（胰岛素）receptor (受体)gene in lab mice一but only in their fat cells."Since insulin is needed to help fat cells storefat ,these animals were protected against becoming fat,"explains Kahn.This slight genetic change in a single tissue had dramatic effects.By three months of age.Kahn's modified mice had up to 70 per cent less body fat than normal control mice,despite the fact that they ate 55 per cent more food per gram of body weight.In addition ,their lifespan increased.The average control mouse lived 753 days,while the thin rodents averaged a lifespan of 887 days.After three years,all the control mice had died.but one-quarter of the modified rodents were still alive."That they ciet these effects by just manipulating the fat cells is controversial,"saysLeonard Guarente of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,who studies calorie restriction and aging.But Guarente says Kahn has yet to prove that the same effect is responsible forincreased lifespan in calorie-restricted animals."It might be the same effect or there might be two routes to long life,"he points out,"and that would be very interesting." The average modified mouse livedA:3 years.B:753 days.C:More than 3 years.D:887 days.
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考题 共用题干 第三篇Eat More, Weigh Less, Live LongerClever genetic detective work may have found out the reason why a near-starvation diet prolonas the life of many animals.Ronald Kahn at Harvard Medical School in Boston,U.S.,and his colleagues navebeen able to extend the lifespan（寿命）of mice by 18 per cent by blocking the rodent's(啮齿动物）increase of fat in specific cells.This suggests that thinness一and not necessarily diet一Iromotes lonq life in"calorie（热量卡）restricted" animals."It's very cool work",says aging researche:Cynthia Kenyon of the University ot California, San Francisc."These mice eat all they want, lose weight and live longer.It's like heaven."Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodents.Whether this works in humans is still unknown,partly because few people are willina to submit to such a strict diet.But many researchers hope they will be able to trigger the same effect with a drug once they understand how less food leads to a longer life.One theory is that eating less reduces the increase of harmful things that can damage cells.But Kahn's team wondered whether the animals simply benefit by becoming thin.To find out, they used biology tricks to disrupt the insulin（胰岛素）receptor (受体)gene in lab mice一but only in their fat cells."Since insulin is needed to help fat cells storefat ,these animals were protected against becoming fat,"explains Kahn.This slight genetic change in a single tissue had dramatic effects.By three months of age.Kahn's modified mice had up to 70 per cent less body fat than normal control mice,despite the fact that they ate 55 per cent more food per gram of body weight.In addition ,their lifespan increased.The average control mouse lived 753 days,while the thin rodents averaged a lifespan of 887 days.After three years,all the control mice had died.but one-quarter of the modified rodents were still alive."That they ciet these effects by just manipulating the fat cells is controversial,"saysLeonard Guarente of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,who studies calorie restriction and aging.But Guarente says Kahn has yet to prove that the same effect is responsible forincreased lifespan in calorie-restricted animals."It might be the same effect or there might be two routes to long life,"he points out,"and that would be very interesting." What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply?A:People like to lose weight,but they do not like to eat less.B:People want to go to heaven,but they do not want to die.C:Mice will go to heaven if they lose weight.D:Mice enjoy losing weight.
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考题 共用题干 第三篇Eat More, Weigh Less, Live LongerClever genetic detective work may have found out the reason why a near-starvation diet prolonas the life of many animals.Ronald Kahn at Harvard Medical School in Boston,U.S.,and his colleagues navebeen able to extend the lifespan（寿命）of mice by 18 per cent by blocking the rodent's(啮齿动物）increase of fat in specific cells.This suggests that thinness一and not necessarily diet一Iromotes lonq life in"calorie（热量卡）restricted" animals."It's very cool work",says aging researche:Cynthia Kenyon of the University ot California, San Francisc."These mice eat all they want, lose weight and live longer.It's like heaven."Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodents.Whether this works in humans is still unknown,partly because few people are willina to submit to such a strict diet.But many researchers hope they will be able to trigger the same effect with a drug once they understand how less food leads to a longer life.One theory is that eating less reduces the increase of harmful things that can damage cells.But Kahn's team wondered whether the animals simply benefit by becoming thin.To find out, they used biology tricks to disrupt the insulin（胰岛素）receptor (受体)gene in lab mice一but only in their fat cells."Since insulin is needed to help fat cells storefat ,these animals were protected against becoming fat,"explains Kahn.This slight genetic change in a single tissue had dramatic effects.By three months of age.Kahn's modified mice had up to 70 per cent less body fat than normal control mice,despite the fact that they ate 55 per cent more food per gram of body weight.In addition ,their lifespan increased.The average control mouse lived 753 days,while the thin rodents averaged a lifespan of 887 days.After three years,all the control mice had died.but one-quarter of the modified rodents were still alive."That they ciet these effects by just manipulating the fat cells is controversial,"saysLeonard Guarente of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,who studies calorie restriction and aging.But Guarente says Kahn has yet to prove that the same effect is responsible forincreased lifespan in calorie-restricted animals."It might be the same effect or there might be two routes to long life,"he points out,"and that would be very interesting." According to the passage,we do not know whether humans will benefit from taking in fewer calories partly becauseA:humans,worms and rodents are different.B:most people are not willing to be put on a strict diet.C:the effect is not known.D:genetic changes in tissues can not be performed on humans.
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考题 共用题干 第三篇Eat More, Weigh Less, Live LongerClever genetic detective work may have found out the reason why a near-starvation diet prolonas the life of many animals.Ronald Kahn at Harvard Medical School in Boston,U.S.,and his colleagues navebeen able to extend the lifespan（寿命）of mice by 18 per cent by blocking the rodent's(啮齿动物）increase of fat in specific cells.This suggests that thinness一and not necessarily diet一Iromotes lonq life in"calorie（热量卡）restricted" animals."It's very cool work",says aging researche:Cynthia Kenyon of the University ot California, San Francisc."These mice eat all they want, lose weight and live longer.It's like heaven."Calorie restriction dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodents.Whether this works in humans is still unknown,partly because few people are willina to submit to such a strict diet.But many researchers hope they will be able to trigger the same effect with a drug once they understand how less food leads to a longer life.One theory is that eating less reduces the increase of harmful things that can damage cells.But Kahn's team wondered whether the animals simply benefit by becoming thin.To find out, they used biology tricks to disrupt the insulin（胰岛素）receptor (受体)gene in lab mice一but only in their fat cells."Since insulin is needed to help fat cells storefat ,these animals were protected against becoming fat,"explains Kahn.This slight genetic change in a single tissue had dramatic effects.By three months of age.Kahn's modified mice had up to 70 per cent less body fat than normal control mice,despite the fact that they ate 55 per cent more food per gram of body weight.In addition ,their lifespan increased.The average control mouse lived 753 days,while the thin rodents averaged a lifespan of 887 days.After three years,all the control mice had died.but one-quarter of the modified rodents were still alive."That they ciet these effects by just manipulating the fat cells is controversial,"saysLeonard Guarente of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,who studies calorie restriction and aging.But Guarente says Kahn has yet to prove that the same effect is responsible forincreased lifespan in calorie-restricted animals."It might be the same effect or there might be two routes to long life,"he points out,"and that would be very interesting." Ronald Kahn and his colleagues can make mice live longer byA:offering them less food.B:giving them a balanced diet.C:disrupting the specific genes in their fat cells.D:Dreventina them qrowinq larger.
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考题 共用题干 Prolonging Human LifeProlonging human life has increased the size of the human population.Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago.Because more people live longer,there are more people around at any given time.In fact,it is a decrease in death rates,not an increase in birthrates,that has led to the population explosion.Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load.In all societies,people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them.In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die.In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child.In most contemporary societies,people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not.We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work;we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age.Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement,somebody else must support them.In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty.Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people;unless they have wealth or private or government insurance,they must often"go on welfare"if they have a serious illness.When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves,they create grave problems for their families.In the past and in some traditional cultures,they would be cared for at home until they died.Today,with most members of a household working or in school,there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person.To meet this need,a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built.These are often profit-making organizations,although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups.While a few of these institutions are good,most of them are simply"dumping grounds"for the dying in which"care"is given by poorly paid,overworked,and underskilled personnel.According to the passage,which of the following statements about retired people in the United States is true?A:Many of them have a very hard life.B:They cannot live a decent life without enough bank savings.C:They rely mainly on their children for financial support.D:Most of them live with their children and therefore are well looked after.
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考题 共用题干 Prolonging Human LifeProlonging human life has increased the size of the human population.Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago.Because more people live longer,there are more people around at any given time.In fact,it is a decrease in death rates,not an increase in birthrates,that has led to the population explosion.Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load.In all societies,people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them.In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die.In times of famine,infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved,whereas if the parents survived they could have another child.In most contemporary societies,people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not.We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work;we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age.Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement,somebody else must support them.In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty.Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people;unless they have wealth or private or government insurance,they must often"go on welfare"if they have a serious illness.When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves,they create grave problems for their families.In the past and in some traditional cultures,they would be cared for at home until they died.Today,with most members of a household working or in school,there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person.To meet this need,a great many nursing homes and convalescent hospitals have been built.These are often profit-making organizations,although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups.While a few of these institutions are good,most of them are simply"dumping grounds"for the dying in which"care"is given by poorly paid,overworked,and underskilled personnel.The writer believes that the population explosion results from______.A:an increase in birthrates B:the industrial developmentC:a decrease in death rates D:cultural advances
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考题 共用题干 Eat to LiveA meager diet may give you health and long life,but it's not much fun-and it might not even be necessary.We may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we don't start to diet until old age.Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouse's liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks.The genetic rejuvenation won't reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse,but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins.Spindler's team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives,and fed another three on half-rations.Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed for a month when they were 34 months old-equivalent to about 70 human years.The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers,and found that-46 changed with age in the normally fed mice.The changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical production-probably bad news for mouse health .In the mice that had dieted all their lives,27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 percent of these gene changes."This is the first indication that these effects kick in pretty quickly,"says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington D.C.No one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice,but Spindler is hopeful."There's attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,"he says.If it does work in people,there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get ol- der,our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs,for example.A brief period of time of die- ting,says Spindler,could be enough to make sure a drug is effective.But Spindler isn't sure the trade-off is worth it."The mice get less disease,they live longer,but they're hungry,"he says."Even seeing what a diet does,it's still hard to go to a restaurant and say:‘I can only eat half of that.’"Spindler hopes we soon won't need to diet at all.His company,Lifespan Genetics in California,is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction. What can be inferred about completely normally fed mice mentioned in the passage?A: They will not experience free radical production.B: They will experience more genetic rejuvenation in their lifetime.C: They have more old liver genes to behave like young genes.D: They are more likely to suffer from inflammation.
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考题 共用题干 Eat to LiveA meager diet may give you health and long life,but it's not much fun-and it might not even be necessary.We may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we don't start to diet until old age.Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouse's liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks.The genetic rejuvenation won't reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse,but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins.Spindler's team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives,and fed another three on half-rations.Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed for a month when they were 34 months old-equivalent to about 70 human years.The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers,and found that-46 changed with age in the normally fed mice.The changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical production-probably bad news for mouse health .In the mice that had dieted all their lives,27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 percent of these gene changes."This is the first indication that these effects kick in pretty quickly,"says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington D.C.No one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice,but Spindler is hopeful."There's attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,"he says.If it does work in people,there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get ol- der,our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs,for example.A brief period of time of die- ting,says Spindler,could be enough to make sure a drug is effective.But Spindler isn't sure the trade-off is worth it."The mice get less disease,they live longer,but they're hungry,"he says."Even seeing what a diet does,it's still hard to go to a restaurant and say:‘I can only eat half of that.’"Spindler hopes we soon won't need to diet at all.His company,Lifespan Genetics in California,is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction. According to the passage,which of the following is NOT true?A: Eating less than usual might make us live longer.B:If we go on a diet when old,we may keep healthy.C: Dieting might not be needed.D: We have to begin dieting since childhood.
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考题 共用题干 Eat to LiveA meager diet may give you health and long life,but it's not much fun-and it might not even be necessary.We may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we don't start to diet until old age.Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouse's liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks.The genetic rejuvenation won't reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse,but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins.Spindler's team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives,and fed another three on half-rations.Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed for a month when they were 34 months old-equivalent to about 70 human years.The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers,and found that-46 changed with age in the normally fed mice.The changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical production-probably bad news for mouse health .In the mice that had dieted all their lives,27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 percent of these gene changes."This is the first indication that these effects kick in pretty quickly,"says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington D.C.No one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice,but Spindler is hopeful."There's attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,"he says.If it does work in people,there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get ol- der,our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs,for example.A brief period of time of die- ting,says Spindler,could be enough to make sure a drug is effective.But Spindler isn't sure the trade-off is worth it."The mice get less disease,they live longer,but they're hungry,"he says."Even seeing what a diet does,it's still hard to go to a restaurant and say:‘I can only eat half of that.’"Spindler hopes we soon won't need to diet at all.His company,Lifespan Genetics in California,is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction. Why does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2?A: To describe the influence of old age on mice.B: To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice.C: To tell us how mice's liver genes behave.D: To inform us of the process of metabolizing drugs.
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考题 共用题干 Eat to LiveA meager diet may give you health and long life,but it's not much fun-and it might not even be necessary.We may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we don't start to diet until old age.Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouse's liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks.The genetic rejuvenation won't reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse,but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins.Spindler's team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives,and fed another three on half-rations.Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed for a month when they were 34 months old-equivalent to about 70 human years.The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers,and found that-46 changed with age in the normally fed mice.The changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical production-probably bad news for mouse health .In the mice that had dieted all their lives,27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 percent of these gene changes."This is the first indication that these effects kick in pretty quickly,"says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington D.C.No one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice,but Spindler is hopeful."There's attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,"he says.If it does work in people,there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get ol- der,our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs,for example.A brief period of time of die- ting,says Spindler,could be enough to make sure a drug is effective.But Spindler isn't sure the trade-off is worth it."The mice get less disease,they live longer,but they're hungry,"he says."Even seeing what a diet does,it's still hard to go to a restaurant and say:‘I can only eat half of that.’"Spindler hopes we soon won't need to diet at all.His company,Lifespan Genetics in California,is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction. According to the last two paragraphs,Spindler believes that______.A: drugs do not have the effects of calorie restrictionB: dieting is not a good method to give us health and long lifeC: seeing the effect of a diet,people will like to eat less than normalD: calorie restriction is very important to young people
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考题 共用题干 Eat to LiveA meager diet may give you health and long life,but it's not much fun-and it might not even be necessary.We may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we don't start to diet until old age.Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouse's liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks.The genetic rejuvenation won't reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse,but could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins.Spindler's team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives,and fed another three on half-rations.Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed for a month when they were 34 months old-equivalent to about 70 human years.The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers,and found that-46 changed with age in the normally fed mice.The changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical production-probably bad news for mouse health .In the mice that had dieted all their lives,27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 percent of these gene changes."This is the first indication that these effects kick in pretty quickly,"says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington D.C.No one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice,but Spindler is hopeful."There's attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,"he says.If it does work in people,there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get ol- der,our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs,for example.A brief period of time of die- ting,says Spindler,could be enough to make sure a drug is effective.But Spindler isn't sure the trade-off is worth it."The mice get less disease,they live longer,but they're hungry,"he says."Even seeing what a diet does,it's still hard to go to a restaurant and say:‘I can only eat half of that.’"Spindler hopes we soon won't need to diet at all.His company,Lifespan Genetics in California,is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction. According to the author,which of the following most interested the researchers?A: The mice that started dieting in old age.B: 27 of those 46 old genes that continued to behave like young genes.C: Calorie restriction that works in people.D: Dieting that makes sure a drug is effective.
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考题 材料题 C Will it matter if you don’t take your breakfast Recently a test was given in the United States．Those tested included people of different ages,from 12 to 83．During the experiment,these people were given all kinds of breakfasts and sometimes they got no breakfast at all．Special tests were set up to see how well their bodies worked when they had eaten a certain kind of breakfast．The results sow that if a person eats a proper breakfast,he or she will work with better effect(影响)than if he or she has no breakfast．This fact appears to be especially true if a person works with his brains．If a student eats fruit,eggs,bread and milk before going to school,he will learn more quickly and listen with more attention in class．Contrary to(与……相反)what many people believe,if you don’t eat breakfast,you will not lose weight．This is because people become so hungry at noon that they eat too much for lunch,and end up gaining weight instead of losing．You will probably lose more weight if you reduce(减少)your other meals． Which of the following is not true to the passage A.Poor breakfasts affect(影响)those who work with brain B.Morning diet may cause one to get fatte C.Reducing lunch and supper is of less value in weight-losin D.Eating less in lunch and supper may help to lose weigh
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考题 问答题◆Topic 10：Work to Live or Live to Work?　　Questions for reference:　　1) Why do people live?　　2) Are people really aware of the reasons why they work?　　3) How do you balance work and life?
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考题 填空题Why do more Americans have to drive to work?Because they have moved out of the ____to the suburbs.
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