北京市考生想知道ACCA的科目F2怎么备考？

正确答案：
(ii) Government stock is an exempt asset for the purposes of capital gains tax, however, as Andrew’s holding has a nominal
value in excess of ￡5,000, a charge to income tax will arise under the accrued income scheme. This charge to income
tax will arise in 2005/06, being the tax year in which the next interest payment following disposal falls due (20 April
2005) and it will relate to the income accrued for the period 21 October 2004 to 14 March 2005 of ￡279 (145/182
x ￡350). As interest on Government Stock is paid gross (unless the holder applies to receive it net), the tax due of ￡112
(￡279 x 40%) will be collected via the self-assessment system and as the interest was an ongoing source of income
will be included within Andrew’s half yearly payments on account payable on 31 January and 31 July 2006.

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(a) To: David Gould
From:
Writing a business plan is a critical stage in moving an idea for a business into a reality. The reality includes presenting a
convincing case to potential financers of the business, be they banks or venture capitalists. The key ingredients include clearly
saying what you plan to do and why people should want to buy your particular service. Experts warn of starting with a detailed
cash flow and then working backwards to make the numbers fit. You should regard the business plan as a management tool
and not simply a sales document. Again, the advice is to make credible and achievable projections; it is better to exceed low
targets than fail to achieve over-ambitious ones. Many business plans are based on deeply flawed research. Key to your
business success will be the size of your target market. There is much evidence to suggest that it is the make-up of the team
presenting the plan and their commitment rather than the business idea itself that will determine whether the necessary
financial support is made.
Clearly, you need to say how much money you require and why. Again the advice is not to be afraid to ask for large amounts
if your business requires it. Linked to how much you want is a clear statement of the return the investor or lender will get –
how much of the equity are you willing to give or what security can you offer the lender? Figure are important and you need
projected cash flows, profit and loss accounts and balance sheets for at least three years ahead. Potential investors and/or
lenders are likely to be impressed by a plan which clearly indicates where the major risks are to be found and the strategies
available to handle such risks.
There needs to be a clear statement of the major steps and milestones on the way to achieving your goals. Where are you
now, where do you intend to be and how are you going to get there. One expert argues there are three elements of the plan
itself – an executive summary pulling together the key points in your proposal, secondly the plan itself and finally an ‘elevator
pitch’, a one paragraph description that explains the business in the time it takes to go up in a lift.
In summary, your business plan should contain an executive summary as explained above, the objectives of the business,
including key financial targets and the philosophy of the business, the target market and relevant forecasts, the range of
products/services, the marketing strategy linked to the target markets, resource availability, people and organisation involved,
performance measurement to measure progress towards stated objectives and a summary of financial information.
One final point is to remember that no business plan ever was carried out exactly! In many ways it is the quality of the thinking
the plan includes and the actual process through which it is developed that will determine success.
Yours,

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(c) A management buyout represents a change in ownership rather than a change in strategy. However it should, as suggested
above, lead to a comprehensive review of the customers and product groups the firm chooses to supply and the basis on
which it seeks to achieve competitive advantage. In terms of the strategy pursued prior to the buyout, Bonar Paint seems to
be trying to achieve a differentiation focus strategy but without being able to achieve the higher profit margins associated with
the successful implementation of such a strategy.
If as seems likely Bonar Paint chooses to become a more focused company through product range reduction and serving fewer
customers, implementation of such a strategy will have clear implications for the whole of the organisation. Using the
McKinsey 7S model strategy change will lead to changes in the structure of the organisation. The departure of Bill and Jim
Bonar will have major repercussions for the roles taken by the three senior managers. Decisions will be needed on who is to
lead the company and the responsibilities of the other two managers. Bonar Paint has a very traditional functional structure
with the managers being responsible for discrete areas of activity. The change in ownership gives a major opportunity to see
whether this structure continues to be an appropriate one for handling the challenges of an increasingly competitive
environment. Any significant change to the product and/or customer portfolio as proposed by Tony Edmunds will need to be
implemented through a change to the structure. Product divisions may need to be set up if there is a decision to enter the
market for D-I-Y paints.
Systems will also need to change to accommodate any reduction in the product range and numbers of customers. Reference
has already been made to the impact on the production side of the business of such a strategic decision and the associated
consequences for areas such as sales and finance. Clearly, the lack of marketing information on product sales, customers and
profitability needs to be quickly addressed before any divestment decisions are taken. Making strategic decisions using poor
or inadequate information is a recipe for disaster. Decisions on new product development also will require a system that better
integrates the interests and information of the key functional areas.
Staff are the critical resource without which the buyout will not succeed. The change in ownership will cause uncertainty and
the buyout managers will need to spell out the changes that are both necessary and needed. Changes to the product and
customer portfolio will have a significant impact on some members of staff. Issues of redundancy/redeployment are best
addressed early, along with opportunities the change in strategy will create. Closely linked to staff are the skills those staff
will need to implement chosen strategy. The need to have a greater awareness of customer and competitor activity will require
new skills in the marketing area. Any investment in new production technology will affect the type of skills needed to use it.
The links between strategic decisions and human resource strategy need to be appreciated.

Style. concerns the way the three buyout managers carry out their new roles and communicate with staff. There is a significant
difference between leading and managing the business and each of the buyout managers will need to communicate a clear
sense of where the firm is going and inspiring staff to follow their vision and mission. This links closely with the concept of
shared values and the overall culture of the firm. The exit of the founders of the business could potentially create a cultural
void, which could lead to staff uncertainty. Unless quickly addressed good staff may leave the firm and adversely affect the
strategic change the new owners and managers are trying to introduce.
In implementing a chosen strategy there is a danger that the ‘hard’ Ss of strategy, structure and systems are attended to while
the soft Ss of staff, skills, style. and shared values are largely ignored. There is compelling evidence to suggest that it is thesoft Ss which will determine the success or otherwise of the management buyout.

正确答案：

(b) The new business
There are two tax advantages to operating the business as a partnership.
(i) Reduction in taxable income
If the new business is operated as a company, Cindy and Arthur would both be taxed at 40% on their salaries. In
addition, employer and employee national insurance contributions would be due on ￡105 (￡5,000 – ￡4,895) in respect
of each of them.
If the new business is operated as a partnership, the partners would have no taxable trading income because the
partnership has made a loss; any salaries paid to the partners would be appropriations of the profit or loss of the
business and not employment income. They would, however, each have to pay Class 2 national insurance contributions
of ￡2·10 each per week.
(ii) Earlier relief for trading losses
If the new business is operated as a company, its tax adjusted trading loss in the year ending 31 March 2008 would
be as follows: