贵州省考生：ACCA准考证打印流程是怎么样的呢？

正确答案：
(b) Recent corporate scandals have increased the critical awareness of the need for business to operate ethically and in a socially
responsible way. This is seen largely in the context of large firms and their governance but as the Concrete Solutions scenario
shows small owner-managed firms are not immune from taking difficult decisions that have differing and significant impacts
on the firm’s stakeholders and their expectations. Johnson, Scholes and Whittington see corporate social responsibility as
‘concerned with the ways in which an organisation exceeds the minimum obligation to stakeholders specified through
regulation and corporate governance’. They argue it is useful to distinguish between contractual stakeholders including
customers, suppliers and employees, who have a legal relationship with an organisation and community stakeholders – such
as local communities – who do not have the same degree of legal protection as the first group. Clyde’s local community and
its representatives will face a dilemma – jobs v pollution – not an easy choice! Clearly there will be considerable negotiation
between the key stakeholders and Clyde as the owner/manager should act ethically and with integrity in reaching a decisionhaving profound effects for all parties concerned.

正确答案：

 

正确答案：
(a) The purpose of the Management Commentary (MC) is to present a balanced and comprehensive analysis of the development
position and performance of the entity in the year. Additionally, it deals with the main trends and factors behind the
development, position and performance of the entity during the financial year and those factors which are likely to affect the
entity in the future. The MC should enable users to assess the strategies adopted by the entity and the potential success of
those strategies. The key principles are as follows:
– The MC should be seen through the eyes of the directors and should focus on those matters relevant to the members of
the company.
– The review should look forward, identifying trends and factors relevant to the assessment of the current and future
performance of the entity.
– The MC should supplement and complement the financial statements so as to improve disclosure by providing additional
financial and non-financial information.
– The review should be comprehensive, understandable, reliable, relevant and represent faithfully the underlying strategies
and trends.
– Both good and bad aspects of the position of the entity should be discussed in a balanced and neutral way.
– The MC should be comparable over time, and the information should be supportable and consistent with the financial
statements to which it relates.
The increase in transparency and accountability improves the links between strategy, performance and risk, and the
evaluation of directors, and how they are paid.
A mandatory MC would make it easier for companies to judge the content of the reports and the necessary standard of
reporting, and would mean that the reports may be more robust and comparable. If the MC is not mandatory then this could
lead to uncertainty, risks of non compliance and possible mis-information being shown in the review. Directors may adopt a
policy of stating the minimum amount of disclosure which will frustrate the significant benefits to be gained from using
financial reporting as a strategic communication tool. ‘Necessity to report’ decisions will become subjective with possible legal
outcomes. The minimalist approach may also prove problematic if directors’ insurers reject claims because of ‘non-disclosure’
of information. Senior executives and the company board will play a more prominent role in deciding upon matters of MC
content than will be the case with mandatory reporting practice. Influential factors driving MC disclosure practice may become
the following rather than the broader issues:
(1) those expected to have short-term financial impact,
(2) whether shareholder decisions may be influenced,
(3) issues of risk management.
However, it can be argued that a mandatory MC could produce stereo-typed reports which would be based on a checklist
approach. Thus innovation in corporate reporting would be stifled. The power of market forces could be enough to ensure
that entities produce relevant and reliable information. Every company is different as are their challenges and risks and in anon-mandatory environment, companies could produce individual MCs to reflect those challenges and risks.