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Waste Not,Want Not1 .Bob and Clara Darlington,who own and run a farm in the North of England,have always looked for new ways of making money out of the produce they grow.Their success be-gan when they established a shop on their farm,so that people could come and buy fresh vegetables directly from them.2 .The business was an immediate success,and soon scored top marks in a competition set up by the Farm Retail Association to find the best farm shop in the country.The Association's inspectors found the Darlingtons'shop offered excellent service and value for money as well as quality fruit and vegetable.3 .Clara Darlington is a trained chef and,in addition to a range of home-grown foods and other local produce,she began offering a variety of prepared meals which she had made her-self in the farmhouse kitchen.A small cafe alongside the farm shop was soon added,with eve-rything that visitors could taste on the menu also being for sale in the shop.4 .Clara admits that starting the business was expensive,and she has worked very hard, but maintains that if the product is good,the public recognize this and buy it.“I aim to offer the highest quality to our customers,whether they come in for a loaf of bread,or take a whole dinner-party menu.I take it as a compliment（恭维）if people take home one of my dishes to serve to their family and friends and get away with pretending they made it themselves.”5 .So it was that the couple realized that they had a surplus of misshapen or damaged vegetables grown on the farm which were unsuitable for selling in the shop.Clara,not wish-ing to see them get thrown away,decided to turn them into soup.6 .The soup met with the immediate approval of customers to the shop and Clara now produces ten different varieties.She spent much of the summer traveling up and down to London by rail,doing presentations of the soups.As a result,they are now served in first-class railway restaurant cars belonging to three companies as well as being stocked by a number of high-class London stores.Paragraph 4______A:Time Well Spent Is RewardedB:Professional Recognition Is ObtainedC:A Necessary Alternative to FarmingD:Professional Skills Are ExploitedE:Continuing Investment in High StandardsF:Ensuring that Nothing Gets Wasted
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American SportsThe United States is a sports-loving nation.Sports in America take a variety of forms: organized competitive struggles, which draw huge crowds to cheer their favorite team to victory；athletic games,played for recreation anywhere sufficient space is found;and hunting and fishing.Most sports are seasonal,so that what is happening in sports depends upon the time of year.Some sports are called spectator sports,as the number of spectators greatly exceeds the number playing in the game.Baseball is the most popular sport in the US.It is played throughout the spring and sum-mer,and professional baseball teams play well into the fall.Although no other game is exact-ly like baseball,perhaps the one most nearly like it is the English game of cricket.Football is the most popular sport in the fall.The game originated as a college sport more than 75 years ago.It is still played by almost every college and university in the coun-try,and the football stadiums of some of the largest universities seat as many as 80,000 people.The game is not the same as European football or soccer.In American football there are 11 players on each team,and they are dressed in padded uniforms and helmets because the game is rough and injuries are likely to occur.Basketball is the winter sport in American schools and colleges.Like football,basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries.Many Americans prefer it to foot-ball because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game.It is a very popular game with high schools,and in more than 20 states,state-wide high school matches are held yearly.Other spectator sports include wrestling,boxing,and horse racing.Although horse-racing fans call themselves sportsmen,the accuracy of the term is questionable,as only the jockeys who ride the horses in the races can be considered athletes.The so-called sportsmen are the spectators,who do“not assemble” primarily to see the horses race,but to bet upon the outcome of each race.Gambling is the attraction of horse racing.Professional baseball teams can continue to play for a long period of time in the fall af-ter the regular baseball seasons of spring and summer.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
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Public RelationsPublic relations is a broad set of planned communications about the company, including publicity releases,designed to promote goodwill and a favorable image.Publicity then is part of public relations when it is initiated by the firm , usually in the________ (51）of press releases or press conferences.Since public relations involves communications with stockholders，financial analysts,government officials,and other noncustomer groups,it is usually________(52) outside the marketing department , perhaps as a staff department or outside consulting firm reporting to to management.This organizational placement can be a________(53) because the public relations department or consultant will likely not be in line with marketing efforts.Poor communication and no coordination can be the________ (54).Although the basic purpose of public relations is to provide positive influence_______(55) the public image,this influence generally may be less than_______(56) provided by the other components of the public image mix.Publicity may be in the form of news releases that have(57) overtones for the company initiated by the public relations department.Publicity on the other________ (58) should not be divorce from the marketing department,as it can________(59) a useful adjunct(辅助) to the regular advertising______(60) not all publicity is initiated by the firm;some can________(61) from an unfavorable press a reaction to certain actions or lack of________(62) that are controversial or even downright ill-advisedThe________(63) we wish to emphasize is that a firm is deluding(自欺) itself if it thinks its public relations function,whether within the company or an outside firm,can take________(64) of public image problems and opportunities.Many of these have to do with the way the________(65) does business,such as its product quality,the servicing and handling of complaints , etc._________56A:allB:thatC:whatD:which
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Why is the Native Language Learnt So Well?How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well?When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language,we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery（精通）of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers,in most case,may end up with a faulty and inexact command（掌握）.What accounts for this differ- ence?Despite other explanations,the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself,partly in the behavior of the people around him.In the first place,the time of learning the mother tongue is the most fa-vorable of all,namely,the first years of life.A child hears it spoken from morning till night and,what is more important,always in its genuine form,with the right pronunciation,right intonation,right use of words and right structure. He drinks in（吸收）all the words and expressions , which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling（冒泡的）spring. There is no resistance : there is perfect assimilation.Then the child has,as it were,pnvate lessons all the year round,while an adult language-student has each week a limited number of hours,which he generally shares with others.The child has another advan- tage:he hears the language in all possible situations,always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions.Here there is nothing unnatural,such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January.And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him.Again and again,when his attempts at speech are successful,his desires are understood and fulfilled.Finally,though a child's "teachers" may not have been trained in language teaching,their relations with him are always close and personal.They take great pains to make their lessons easy.Plenty of practice in listening during the first years of life partly ensures children's success of learning their mother tongue.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
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Why People Use Pseudonyms（假名字）?You can't choose the name you are given at birth,but in many countries you can change it legally when you reach adulthood.Of course,most people never change their names______(1)they feel unhappy about them.However,some people do______(2)thiscourse of action一particularly artists!What makes an artist want to change their name? Sometimes it's for purely______(3)reasons,such as the Nobel Prize winning poet from Chile,Neftalil Reyes.He didn't want his father to______(4)he was writing poetry,so he changed his name to Pablo Neruda when he was a young man.______(5)other times the reason may appear strange；take the case of the Portuguese poet Fernando Pessoa,______(6)wrote under 7 different names.The reason? “When I use a different name,I always write in a different way,”he explained.In most cases,______(7),people change their names for social,historical,political,or cultural reasons.Here are some of the most______(8):The person's real name is just______(9)long and difficult to remember.Let's be honest,Madonna Louise Ciccone is not as______(10)to remember as just plain“Madonna”.And short names are much easier to remember:William Bradley became Brad Pitt and Edson Arantes do Nascimento became Pele.Sometimes names are changed for marketing______(11).For example,if a name sounds too“foreign”,it may be changed to something that is more recognizable in a______(12).So in the film world,Ram6n Estvez adopted the name Martin Sheen.Or maybe the artist's real name doesn't sound very att ractive一Chad Everett does______(13)a lot better than Raymond Cramton.Artists sometimes______(14)the name of someone they admire.Robert Zimmerman changed his name to Boo Dylan because of his admiration for the Welsh poet,Dylan Thomas.Another reason may be practicality:in the past, women found it very difficult to get published.To______(15)this situation,they sometimes gave themselves men's names.So the English author Mary Ann Evans became George Eliot,and she did get her books published!12._________A:marketB:filmC:bookD:city
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The First BicycleThe history of the bicycle goes back more than 200 years.In 1791,Count de Sivrac______(1)onlookers in a park in Paris as he showed off his two-wheeled invention,a machine called the celeriferé.It was basically an______(2) version of a children's toy which had been in______(3) for many years.Sivrac's“celeriferé”had a wooden frame,made in the______(4) of a horse,which was mounted on a wheel at either end.To ride it,you sat on a small seat,just like a modern bicycle,and pushed______(5) against the______(6) with your legs一there were no pedals.It was im-possible to steer a celeriferé and it had no brakes,but despite these problems the invention very much______(7) to the fashionable young men of Paris.Soon they were______(8) races up and down the streets.Minor______(9) were common as riders attempted a final burst of______(10).Controlling the machine was difficult,as the only way to change______(11) was to pull up the front of the “celeriferé” and______(12) it round while the front wheel was______(13) in the air.“Celeriferés” were not popular for long,however,as the______(14) of no springs,no steering and rough roads made riding them very uncomfortable.Even so,the wooden celeriferé was the ______(15) of the modern bicycle.15._________A:originB:designC:modelD:introduction
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Waste Not,Want Not1 .Bob and Clara Darlington,who own and run a farm in the North of England,have always looked for new ways of making money out of the produce they grow.Their success be-gan when they established a shop on their farm,so that people could come and buy fresh vegetables directly from them.2 .The business was an immediate success,and soon scored top marks in a competition set up by the Farm Retail Association to find the best farm shop in the country.The Association's inspectors found the Darlingtons'shop offered excellent service and value for money as well as quality fruit and vegetable.3 .Clara Darlington is a trained chef and,in addition to a range of home-grown foods and other local produce,she began offering a variety of prepared meals which she had made her-self in the farmhouse kitchen.A small cafe alongside the farm shop was soon added,with eve-rything that visitors could taste on the menu also being for sale in the shop.4 .Clara admits that starting the business was expensive,and she has worked very hard, but maintains that if the product is good,the public recognize this and buy it.“I aim to offer the highest quality to our customers,whether they come in for a loaf of bread,or take a whole dinner-party menu.I take it as a compliment（恭维）if people take home one of my dishes to serve to their family and friends and get away with pretending they made it themselves.”5 .So it was that the couple realized that they had a surplus of misshapen or damaged vegetables grown on the farm which were unsuitable for selling in the shop.Clara,not wish-ing to see them get thrown away,decided to turn them into soup.6 .The soup met with the immediate approval of customers to the shop and Clara now produces ten different varieties.She spent much of the summer traveling up and down to London by rail,doing presentations of the soups.As a result,they are now served in first-class railway restaurant cars belonging to three companies as well as being stocked by a number of high-class London stores.Instead of throwing the damaged vegetables away,the couple______.A:sell fresh vegetablesB:sell as much as possibleC:offer a variety of prepared mealsD:turn them into soupE:fill a gap in the marketF:.promote her soups
问题
Soldiers are trained to obey their officer's orders without question.A:reply to
B:apply for
C:agree with
D:comply with
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Teaching and LearningMany teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student.If a long reading assign- ment is given,instructors expect students to be__________(51)with the information in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or__________(52)an examination.The ideal student is________(53)to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning,not the one interested only in getting high ___________(54).Sometimes homework is returned with brief written____________(55)but without a grade.Even if a grade is not given,the student is___________(56)for learning the material assigned. When research is_________(57),the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimum___________(58).It is the student's responsibility to find books,magazines,and articles in the library.Professors do not have the time to__________(59)how a university library works;they expect students to exhaust the___________(60)resources in the library.Professors will help students who need it,_________(61)prefer that their students should not be too __________(62)on them.In the United States professors have many other___________(63)besides teaching,such as administrative or research work.Therefore,the time that a professor can spend__________(64)a student outside of class is limited. if a student has problems with classroom work,the student should either__________(65)a professor during office hours or make an appointment._________(56)A:.anxiousB:concernedC:eagerD:responsible
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第一篇US to Start$3.2 Billion Child Health Study in JanuaryA stu街that will cost $3.2 billion and last more than two decades to track the health of 100,000 US children from before birth to age 21 will be launched in January,US health officials said on Friday.Officials from the US government's National Institutes of Health said they hope the study,to be conducted at 105 locations throughout the United States,can help identify early-life influences that affect later development,with the goal of learning new ways to treat or prevent illness.The study will examine hereditary（遗传的）and environmental factors such as exposure to certamn chemicals that affect health.Researchers will collect genetic and biological samples from people in the study as well as samples from the homes of the women and their babies including air,water,dust and materials used to construct their residences,the NIH said.Officials said more than $200 million has been spent already and the study is projected to cost $3.2 billion."We anticipate that in the long term（从长远说来）,what we learn from the study will result in a significant savings in the nation's health care costs,"Dr. Duane Alexander,who heads the NIH's Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,told reporters.The study will begin in January when the University of North Carolina and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York start signing up pregnant women whose babies will then be followed to age 21.Some of the early findings will be about factors behind preterm birth（早产）,which has become more common in recent years,according to Dr. Peter Scheidt of the NIH,who heads the study.The people taking part will be from rural,urban and suburban areas,from all income and educational levels and from all racial groups,the NIH said.Which is not true of the people in the study?A:They'll be from various areas.B:They'll be from all income levels.C:They'll be from all educational levels.D:They'll be from all age groups.
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A notably short man,he plays basketball with his staff several times a week.A:practically B:considerably C:remarkably D:fairly
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The Most Wonderful IslandsThe Palm Islands are the largest artificial islands in the world and are under construction in Dubai,in the United Arab Emirates.They are being developed as tourist,leisure,and residential resorts,and will increase the coastline of the country by 120 kilometers.After four years of planning and careful consideration of the environmental issues,construction started in 2001.Dutch engineers with experience of reclaiming land from the sea were employed in the building of the first two islands.The site for all three islands is an area of the sea where the water is not very deep.Sand is taken from the seabed and sprayed into the construction site.Although the shallow water facilitates this process,the islands are still very exposed to the currents and tidal movements of the sea.Rocks are used to hold the sand in place resulting in a large crescent（月状的）structure.This acts as a breakwater and protects the islands from the sea.The first two islands are in the shape of date palm trees and consist of a trunk and 17 fronds,or leaves, coming off the trunk.The first island,named Palm Jumeirah,has three five-star hotels in the trunk,and luxury homes in the leaves.It is astonishing that when these homes went on sale in 2004,they were all sold within three days.The second palm,Jebel Ali,was started in 2002 and is designed to be an entertainment centre.Six marinas（小游艇船坞）are planned,with a water theme park,and homes built on stilts（桩柱）in the water.The Palm Deira is planned to be the largest of the three islands,with a length of 14km and a width of 8.5km,an area larger than the city of Paris.It will consist of residential properties,marinas,shopping malls,sports facilities and clubs.These will be open to both residents and tourists.More artificial islands,the World Islands , are now being constructed near the Palm Jumeirah.They consist of 300 private islands grouped into the shape of the continents of the world and will be used for estates , private homes , community islands , and resorts.Unquestionably , these artificial islands are one of the wonders of the modern world.They will also maintain Dubai' s status as one of the leading tourist destinations in the region.The water theme park in Jebel Ali will attract more tourists.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
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Even Intelligent People Can Fail1 The striking thing about the innovators who succeeded in making our modern world is how often they failed.Turn on a light,take a photograph,watch TV,search the Web，jet across the Pacific Ocean, talk on a celiphone（手机）.The innovators who left us these things had to find the way to success through a maze（错综复杂）of wrong turns.2 We have just celebrated the 125th anniversary of American innovator Thomas Edison's success in heating a thin line to white-hot heat for 14 hours in his lab in New Jersey, U.S.He did that on October 22,1879,and followed up a month later by keeping a thread of common cardboard alight（点亮着的）in an airless space for 45 hours.Three years later he went on to light up half a square mile of downtown Manhattan,even though only one of the six power plants in his design worked when he turned it on,on September 4,1882.3 "Many of life's failures,"the supreme innovator said,"are people who did not realizehow close they were to success when they gave up."Before that magical moment in October 1879,Edison had worked out no fewer than 3,000 theories about electric light,but in only two cases did his experiments work.4 No one likes failure,but the smart innovators learn from it.Mark Gumz,the head of the camera maker Olympus America Inc,attributes some of the company's successes in technology to understanding failure.His popular phrase is:"You only fail when you quit."5 Over two centuries,the most common quality of the innovators has been persistence.That is another way of saying they had the emotional ability to keep up what they were doing.Walt Disney,the founder of Disneyland,was so broke after a succession of financial failures that he was left shoeless in his office because he could not afford the U.S.$1.50 to get his shoes from the repair shop.Pioneering car maker Henry Ford failed with one company and was forced out of another before he developed the Model T car.6 Failure is harder to bear in today's open,accelerated world.Hardly any innovation works the first time.But an impatient society and the media want instant success.When American music and movie master David Geffen had a difficult time,a critic said nastily that the only difference between Geffen Records(Geffen's company)and the Titanic(the ship that went down)was that the Titanic had better music.Actually,it wasn't.After four years of losses, Geffen had so many hits（成功的作品）he could afford a ship as big as the Titanic all to himself.People often didn't realize how close they were to success when_______.A:he developed 3,000 theoriesB:he couldn't afford to buy a pair of shoesC:he found himself an unsuccessful manD:they quittedE:an innovation should work immediatelyF:failure is the mother of success
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Working MothersCarefully conducted researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems,compared with children whose mothers stayed at home. My personal______(51)is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish .Whether we like it or not,there are a______(52)of mothers who just have to work.There are those who have invested such a big part of their lives in establishing a career that they cannot ______(53)to see it lost.Then there are many who must work out of pure economic______ (54).Many mothers are not______(55)out to be full-time parents.After a few months at home with a much loved infant,they feel trapped and isolated.There are a number of options when it______(56)to choosing childcare.These range from child minders and nannies through to Granny or the kind lady______(57)the street.In reality,______(58),mnany parents don't have any choice;they have to accept anything they can get. Be prepared!Nomatter______(59)good the childcare may be,some children are go-ing to protest wildly if they are left.This is a______(60)normal stage of child development. Babies separate well in the first six months,but soon after that they start to get a crush on Mum and close family______(61).Make sure that in the first week you allow______(62)time to help your child settle in.All children are different. Some are independent,while others are more______(63)to their mothers.Remember that if you want to______(64)the best for your children,it's not the quantity of time you spend with them,it's the______(65)that matters.62._________A: littleB: noC: lotsD: plenty of
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American Wedding“I do.”To Americans,those two words carry great meaning.They can even change your life,especially if you say them at your own wedding.Making wedding vows is like signing a con-tract. Now Americans don't really think marriage is a business deal.But marriage is a serious business.It all begins with engagement.Traditionally,a young man asks the father of his sweetheart for permission to marry her. If the father agrees,the man later proposes to her. Often he tries to surprise her by“popping the question”in a romantic way.Sometimes the couple just decides to-gether that the time is right to get married. The man usually gives his francée（未婚妻）a dia- mond ring as a symbol of their engagement. They may be engaged for weeks,months or even years .As the big day approaches,their friends will provide many useful gifts.Today many cou- pies also receive advice during engagement.This prepares them for the challenges of married life.At last it is time for the wedding.Although most weddings follow traditions,there's still room for individualism（个人主义）.For example,the usual place for a wedding is a church. But some people get married outdoors in a scenic spot.A few even have the ceremony while sky-diving or riding on horseback!The couple may invite hundreds of people or just a few close friends.They choose their own style of colors,decorations and music during the ceremony.But some things rarely change.The bride usually wears a beautiful,long white wedding dress.She traditionally wears“something old,something new,something borrowed and something blue.”The groom wears a formal suit.As the ceremony begins,the groom and his attendants stands with the minister,facing the audience.Music signals the entrance of the bride's attendants followed by the beautiful bride. Nervously, the young couple repeats their vows.Traditionally,they promise to love each other “for better,for worse,for richer,for poorer,in sickness and in health.”But sometimes the cou-pie composes their own vows.They give each other a gold ring to symbolize their marriage corn-mitment.Finally the minister announces the big moment:“I now pronounce you man and wife. You may kiss your bride!”At the wedding reception,the bride and groom greet their guests.Then they cut the wedding cake and feed each other a bite. Later the bride throws her bouquet of flowers（花束）to a group of single girls.Tradition says that the one who catches the flower will be the next to marry.After the reception,many couples take a honeymoon,a one-to-two-week vacation trip,to celebrate their new mamage. The girl's father will take her to the groom before they repeat their vows.A: RightB: WrongC: Not mentioned