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Practice 1 Are organically grown foods the best food choices? The advantages claimed for such foods over conventionally grown and marketed food products are now being debated. Advocates of organic foods—a term whose meaning varies greatly—frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others. The growing interest of consumers in the safety and nutritional quality of the typical North American diet is a welcome development. However, much of this interest has been sparked by sweeping claims that the food supply is unsafe or inadequate in meeting nutritional needs. Although most of these claims are not supported by scientific evidence, the preponderance of written material advancing such claims makes it difficult for the general public to separate fact from fiction. As a result, claims that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore.
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更多 “问答题Practice 1 Are organically grown foods the best food choices? The advantages claimed for such foods over conventionally grown and marketed food products are now being debated. Advocates of organic foods—a term whose meaning varies greatly—frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others. The growing interest of consumers in the safety and nutritional quality of the typical North American diet is a welcome development. However, much of this interest has been sparked by sweeping claims that the food supply is unsafe or inadequate in meeting nutritional needs. Although most of these claims are not supported by scientific evidence, the preponderance of written material advancing such claims makes it difficult for the general public to separate fact from fiction. As a result, claims that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore.” 相关考题
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It is best for people to buy food＿when making‘green’ choices.A．produced locallyB．imported abroadC．transported by roadD．grown in green houses
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CFood sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms.Certain microorganisms（微生物）cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release（释放）poisons that make people sick.Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, processed, or prepared. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops.Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. These include certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms.When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small. Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures. This means that people should never touch food with dirty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces. Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from growing. Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms. People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it. Finally, people should not eat wild mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild. Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans. In addition, some types of fish can be poisonous.Most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water. If people eat natural poisons, they must go to the hospital right away to have their stomachs emptied.51. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Food when poisoned can make people sick.B. Food poisoning means death.C. Food poisoning comes in varieties.D. Food poisoning can be serious.
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Eggs are my favorite food. I like them (21) , hard-boiled, scrambled, or poached. 1 eat eggs for (22) , lunch, and dinner. I eat eggs here, there, and everywhere!Eggs taste great. You can eat them by (23) or as part of any meal. Eggs are (24) used as an ingredient in many prepared foods. Can you think of any foods that contain (25) ?Eggs are really a perfect food. They are (26) in most of the nutrients we need to maintain good (27) . When a baby chicken develops (28) an egg, the egg (29) and yolk are the only foods they need.Many people believe that eggs are (30) . They point out that eggs contain a very high amount ofcholesterol(胆固醇). Too (31) of one kind of cholesterol in our blood can cause he-art disease.There is no evidence that eggs (32) the harmful cholesterol in our blood. When we eat foods that are(33) in cholesterol, our bodies make (34) of it to balance, or adjust.If you want to enjoy a tasty and healthy food, eat plenty of (35) .21.A. friedB. cookedC. eatenD. decorated
考题
A gourmet always wants the best food, not the most. The word “gourmet” most probably means: _______.
A、person who is expert in the choice of foodB、person who is on dietC、person who can eat a lotD、person who can cook
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Which of the following RAID levels would be the BEST choice if performance was the only determining factor?()
A. RAID 0B. RAID 1C. RAID 5D. RAID 10
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Food FrightExperiments under way in several labs aim to create beneficial types of genetically modified(GM)foods,including starchier potatoes and caffeine-free coffee beans.Genetic engineers are even trying to transfer genes from a cold-water fish to make a frost-resistant tomato.A low-sugar GM strawberry now in the works might one day allow people with health problems such as diabetes to enjoy the little delicious red fruits again.GM beans and grains supercharged with protein might help people at risk of developing kwashiorkor. Kwashiorkor,a disease caused by severe lack of protein,is common in parts of the world where there are severe food shortages.Commenting on GM foods,Jonathon Jones,a British researcher,said,"The future benefits will be enormous,and the best is yet to come."To some people,GM foods are no different from unmodified foods."A tomato is a tomato," said Brian Sansoni,an American food manufacturer.Critics of GM foods challenge Sansoni's opinion.They worry about the harm that GM crops might do to people,other animals,and plants.In a recent lab study conducted at Cornell University,scientists tested pollen made by Bt corn,which makes up one-fourth of the U .S.corn crop.The scientist sprinkled the pollen onto milkweed,a plant that makes a milky juice and is the only known food source of the monarch but-terfly caterpillar. Within four days of munching on the milkweed leaves,almost half of a test group of caterpillars had died."Monarchs are considered to be a flagship species for conservation,"said Cornell researcher Linda Raynor."This is a warning bell."Some insects that are not killed by GM foods might find themselves made stronger. How so? The insecticides used to protect most of today's crops are sprayed on the crops when needed and decay quickly in the environment.But GM plants produce a continuous level of insecticide.Insect species feeding on those crops may develop resistance to the plants and could do so in a hurry, say the critics.Insects may also develop a resistance to the insecticide Bt.At the forum on GM food held last year in Canada,GM crops that have been made resistant to the herbicide might crossbreed with wild plants,creating"superweeds"that could take over whole fields.So where do you stand?Should GM foods be banned in the United States,as they are in parts of Europe?Or do their benefits outweigh any of the risks they might carry? Which of the following statements concerning banning GM foods is true according to the passage?A: Underdeveloped countries have banned GM foods.B: Both Europe and the U.S.have banned GM foods.C: Most European countries have not banned GM foods.D: The United States has not banned GM foods.
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Food FrightExperiments under way in several labs aim to create beneficial types of genetically modified(GM)foods,including starchier potatoes and caffeine-free coffee beans.Genetic engineers are even trying to transfer genes from a cold-water fish to make a frost-resistant tomato.A low-sugar GM strawberry now in the works might one day allow people with health problems such as diabetes to enjoy the little delicious red fruits again.GM beans and grains supercharged with protein might help people at risk of developing kwashiorkor. Kwashiorkor,a disease caused by severe lack of protein,is common in parts of the world where there are severe food shortages.Commenting on GM foods,Jonathon Jones,a British researcher,said,"The future benefits will be enormous,and the best is yet to come."To some people,GM foods are no different from unmodified foods."A tomato is a tomato," said Brian Sansoni,an American food manufacturer.Critics of GM foods challenge Sansoni's opinion.They worry about the harm that GM crops might do to people,other animals,and plants.In a recent lab study conducted at Cornell University,scientists tested pollen made by Bt corn,which makes up one-fourth of the U .S.corn crop.The scientist sprinkled the pollen onto milkweed,a plant that makes a milky juice and is the only known food source of the monarch but-terfly caterpillar. Within four days of munching on the milkweed leaves,almost half of a test group of caterpillars had died."Monarchs are considered to be a flagship species for conservation,"said Cornell researcher Linda Raynor."This is a warning bell."Some insects that are not killed by GM foods might find themselves made stronger. How so? The insecticides used to protect most of today's crops are sprayed on the crops when needed and decay quickly in the environment.But GM plants produce a continuous level of insecticide.Insect species feeding on those crops may develop resistance to the plants and could do so in a hurry, say the critics.Insects may also develop a resistance to the insecticide Bt.At the forum on GM food held last year in Canada,GM crops that have been made resistant to the herbicide might crossbreed with wild plants,creating"superweeds"that could take over whole fields.So where do you stand?Should GM foods be banned in the United States,as they are in parts of Europe?Or do their benefits outweigh any of the risks they might carry? Why is the case of the pollen-sprayed milkweed cited in Paragraph 6?A: It is cited to show GM foods can kill insects effectively.B: It is cited to show GM foods contain more protein.C: It is cited to show GM foods also have a dark side.D: It is cited to show GM foods may harm crops.
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Food FrightExperiments under way in several labs aim to create beneficial types of genetically modified(GM)foods,including starchier potatoes and caffeine-free coffee beans.Genetic engineers are even trying to transfer genes from a cold-water fish to make a frost-resistant tomato.A low-sugar GM strawberry now in the works might one day allow people with health problems such as diabetes to enjoy the little delicious red fruits again.GM beans and grains supercharged with protein might help people at risk of developing kwashiorkor. Kwashiorkor,a disease caused by severe lack of protein,is common in parts of the world where there are severe food shortages.Commenting on GM foods,Jonathon Jones,a British researcher,said,"The future benefits will be enormous,and the best is yet to come."To some people,GM foods are no different from unmodified foods."A tomato is a tomato," said Brian Sansoni,an American food manufacturer.Critics of GM foods challenge Sansoni's opinion.They worry about the harm that GM crops might do to people,other animals,and plants.In a recent lab study conducted at Cornell University,scientists tested pollen made by Bt corn,which makes up one-fourth of the U .S.corn crop.The scientist sprinkled the pollen onto milkweed,a plant that makes a milky juice and is the only known food source of the monarch but-terfly caterpillar. Within four days of munching on the milkweed leaves,almost half of a test group of caterpillars had died."Monarchs are considered to be a flagship species for conservation,"said Cornell researcher Linda Raynor."This is a warning bell."Some insects that are not killed by GM foods might find themselves made stronger. How so? The insecticides used to protect most of today's crops are sprayed on the crops when needed and decay quickly in the environment.But GM plants produce a continuous level of insecticide.Insect species feeding on those crops may develop resistance to the plants and could do so in a hurry, say the critics.Insects may also develop a resistance to the insecticide Bt.At the forum on GM food held last year in Canada,GM crops that have been made resistant to the herbicide might crossbreed with wild plants,creating"superweeds"that could take over whole fields.So where do you stand?Should GM foods be banned in the United States,as they are in parts of Europe?Or do their benefits outweigh any of the risks they might carry? Paragraphs 1,2&3 try to give the idea that______.A: GM foods are particularly good to the kwashiorkor patientsB: GM foods may have both benefits and harmC: we cannot recognize the benefits of GM foods too earlyD: GM foods may bring about great benefits to humans
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Organic Food:Why?1 Europe is now the biggest market for organic food in the world,expanding by 25 percent a year over the past 10 years.So what is the attraction of organic food for some people?The really important thing is that organic sounds more"natural".Eating organic is a way of defining oneself as natural,good,caring, different from the junk-food-eating masses.2 Unlike conventional farming,the organic approach means farming with natural,rather than man- made , fertilisers and pesticides. Techniques such as crop rotation（轮种）improve soil quality and helporganic farmers compensate for the absence of man-made chemicals.As a method of food production,organic is,however,inefficient in its use of labour and land;there are severe limits to how much food can be pro- duced.Also,the environmental benefits of not using artificial fertilisers are tiny compared with the amount of carbon dioxide emitted（排放）by transporting food.3 Organic farming is often claimed to be safer than conventional farming. Yet studies into organic farming worldwide continue to reject this claim.An extensive review by the UK Food Standards Agency foundthat there was no statistically significant difference between organic and conventional crops.Even where re-sults indicated there was evidence of a difference,the reviewers found no sign that these differences would have any noticeable effect on health.4 The simplistic claim that organic food is more nutritious than conventional food was always likely to be misleading. Food is a natural product,and the health value of different foods will vary for a number of rea-sons,including freshness,the way the food is cooked,the type of soil it is grown in,the amount of sunlight and rain crops have received,and so on.Likewise,the flavour of a carrot has less to do with whether it was fertilised with manure（粪便）or something out of a plastic sack than with the variety of carrot and how long ago it was dug up.5 The notion that organic food is safer than"normal"food is also contradicted by the fact that many of our most common foods are full of natural toxins（毒素）.As one research expert says : " People think that the more natural something is,the better it is for them.That is simply not the case.In fact,it is the opposite that is true:the closer a plant is to its natural state,the more likely it is that it will poison you.Naturally, many plants do not want to be eaten,so we have spent 10,000 years developing agriculture and breeding out harmful traits from crops."Paragraph 1________A:Factors That Affect Food Health ValueB:Main Reason for the Popularity of Organic FoodC:Testing the Taste of Organic FoodD:Research Into Whether Organic Food Is Better E:Necessity to Remove Hidden Dangers From FoodF:Description of Organic Farming
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These Foods Help Improve Your MemoryThough sleeping is the best way to enhance your memory,the foods in your diet also play a role in how your memory works.People care their diets in terms of whether it helps them build muscle or lose fat,but they neglect to think of how food can improve memory.In addition to eating memory foods,right meal amount plays an important role in how well your memory functions.Too little food will cause you to be distracted by hunger,while too much of it will make you sleepy.Incorporating the right memory foods and proper portion sizes will give you maximum results.Here are some of the memory foods that you should incorporate into your diet to reap the benefits of memory enhancement.SalmonAs far as the protein is concerned,one of the best sources is salmon,for it is a good source ofomega-3 fatty acids,which are essential for brain function and development. Studies have suggested that supplementing with DHA,which is found in fish oil,is beneficial for the development and maintenance of memory performance.Sunflower seedsNuts have been regarded as a great way to get healthy fats into your diet,but many people forget that seeds fall into this category too.Sunflower seeds are a rich source of vitamin E,with one ounce providing 30%of your total daily intake.Vitamin E is one of the primary antioxidants that helps decrease the decline of memory as you get old,making it one nutrient you'll want to be sure to consume.Other sources of vitamin E include wheat germ oil,dry almond,safflower oil,hazelnut,peanut butter, spinach, broccoli, kiwi, and mango.BlueberriesWhile all berries provide a number of health-related benefits,blueberries in particular area memory-boosting powerhouse.They are considered a memo汀food because they contain a phytochemical that is especially important in reversing the age-related decline of memory，while having a positive influence on spatial working memory．Besides,blueberries rank low on the glycemic（血糖）index scale,making them a good fruit choice if you are trying to control your blood sugar level.Lean beefIncluding appropriate amount of lean beef in your diet is beneficial in enhancing your memory because of its iron content.While most men get enough iron in their diet,those who are on a strict diet and are sticking mostly to chicken,egg whites and fish as sources of protein may be running a bit low.Iron deficiency can have a significant effect on brain function and impair learning abilities, eventually putting you at an increased risk for developing Alzheimer's disease.So,be sure you aren't cutting out good sources of iron from your diet一even if you,re striving for maximum fat loss.Blueberry is a good fruit choice for people to control blood sugar level.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned
考题
Airline-maintenance best practice could ___ oil industry profitability.A.overhaul
B.enhance
C.confuse
D.guide
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Natural FoodIncreasingly,over the past ten years,people一especially young people一have become aware of the need to change their eating________(51),because much of the food they eat,particularly processed foods,is not good________(52)the health.Consequently,there has been a growing ________(53)in natural foods;foods which do not________(54)chemical additives and which have not been________(55)by chemical fertilizers,widely used in farming today.Natural foods,for example,are vegetables,fruit and grain which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic matter. In simple________(56),this means that the soil has been________ (57)by unused vegetable matter,which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals________ (58)in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers,the main ________(59)of which is to increase the________(60)(but not the quality)of foods grown incommercial farming areas.Natural foods also include animals which have been________(61)to feed and move freely in healthy________(62).Compare this with what happens in the________(63)production of poultry （家禽）:there are battery farms,for example,where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed________(64)food which is little better than rubbish.Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless as food;they also produce eggs which________(65)important vitamins._________(52)A:to B:withC:for D:about
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Genetically Modified FoodEver since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s,genetically modified(GM，转基因）foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the world, mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis.______(46)Even if it would,is it the best solution?Despite what it promises,GM technology actually has not increased the production potential （潜力）of any crop.______(47)For instance,a report that analyses nearly two decades of research on major GM food shows that GM engineering has failed to significantly increase US crop production.______(48)While GM seeds are expensive,GM companies tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides（杀虫剂）.On the contrary, US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional crops."The promise was that you could use less chemicals and boost production.But neither is true,"said Bill Christison,President of the US National Family Farm Coalition.At the same time,the authors of the book World Hunger:Twelve Myths argue that there actually is more than enough food in the world and that the hunger crisis is not caused by production. ______(49)These indeed deserve our efforts and money. Meanwhile,the rise in food prices results from the increased use of crops for fuel rather than food shortage,according to a 2008 World Bank report.______(50)Another World Bank report concluded that GM crops have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and hunger,because better ways out are available,among which "green"farming is supposed to be the first choice._______（49）A:Problems come from food distribution and politics.B:But can GM technology solve world hunger problems?C:In fact,studies show that the most widely grown GM crop has suffered reduced productivity.D:As a matter of fact,scientists see better ways to feed the world.E:Something else,however,has been on the rise.F: GM has many benefits when it was used at the beginning.
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第一篇Food PoisoningFood sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things,A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious,but some types are deadly.The symptoms of food poi- soning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food.Fever is one of the most common symptoms.Certain microorganisms（微生物）cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs,meat,vegetables,and many other foods.After entering the body,these tiny living things re- lease（释放）poisons that make people sick.Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown,pro- cessed,or prepared.For example,many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects.Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemical、when they eat the crops.Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people.These includo certain kinds of seafood,grains,nuts,seeds,beans,and mushrooms.When people handle food properly,the risk of food poisoning is very small.Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures.This means that people should never touch food with dirty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces.Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from growing, Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms. People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it.Finally,people should not eat wild mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild.Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans.In addition,some types of fish can be poisonous.Most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water. If people eat natural poisons,they must go to the hospital right away to have their stomachs emptied. From Paragraph 5,we can learn that_______________.A:mushrooms should not he eatenB:vegetables are safer than meat and seafoodC:natural poisons are more dangerous than chemicalsD:different types of food should he handled differently
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第一篇Food PoisoningFood sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things,A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious,but some types are deadly.The symptoms of food poi- soning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food.Fever is one of the most common symptoms.Certain microorganisms（微生物）cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs,meat,vegetables,and many other foods.After entering the body,these tiny living things re- lease（释放）poisons that make people sick.Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown,pro- cessed,or prepared.For example,many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects.Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemical、when they eat the crops.Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people.These includo certain kinds of seafood,grains,nuts,seeds,beans,and mushrooms.When people handle food properly,the risk of food poisoning is very small.Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures.This means that people should never touch food with dirty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces.Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from growing, Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms. People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it.Finally,people should not eat wild mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild.Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans.In addition,some types of fish can be poisonous.Most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water. If people eat natural poisons,they must go to the hospital right away to have their stomachs emptied. It can be inferred from the passage that_______________.A:natural materials are safe in food processingB:chemicals are needed in food processing C:food poisoning can be kept under control D:food poisoning is out of control
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第一篇Food PoisoningFood sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things,A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious,but some types are deadly.The symptoms of food poi- soning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food.Fever is one of the most common symptoms.Certain microorganisms（微生物）cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs,meat,vegetables,and many other foods.After entering the body,these tiny living things re- lease（释放）poisons that make people sick.Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown,pro- cessed,or prepared.For example,many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects.Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemical、when they eat the crops.Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people.These includo certain kinds of seafood,grains,nuts,seeds,beans,and mushrooms.When people handle food properly,the risk of food poisoning is very small.Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures.This means that people should never touch food with dirty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces.Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from growing, Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms. People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it.Finally,people should not eat wild mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild.Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans.In addition,some types of fish can be poisonous.Most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water. If people eat natural poisons,they must go to the hospital right away to have their stomachs emptied. A:are always accompanied by a fever B:are too common to be notedC:can be noticed within hoursD:can he ignored
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Router R1 learns two routes with BGP for prefix 200.1.0.0/16. Comparing the two routes, route 1 has a shorter AS_Path Length, smaller MED, the same Weight, and smaller Local PreferencE. Which of the following is true about Router R1's choice of best path for this prefix?（）A、Route 1 is the best route.B、Route 2 is the best route.C、The routes tie as best, but one will be picked to be placed in the routing table based on tiebreakers .D、Neither route is considered best.
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Router R1 learns two routes with BGP for prefix 200.1.0.0/16. Comparing the two routes, route 1 has a longer AS_Path Length, bigger MED, bigger Weight, and smaller Loca l PreferencE. Which of the following is true about Router R1's choice of best path for this prefix?（）A、Route 1 is the best route.B、Route 2 is the best route.C、The routes tie as best, but one will be picked to be placed in the routing table based on tiebreakers.D、Neither route is considered best.
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A company is about to install a second network connect on with a new ISP. Which of the followingrouting protocols is the BEST choice?（）A、IS-ISB、BGPC、OSPFD、RIP
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Which of the following RAID levels would be the BEST choice if performance was the only determining factor？（）A、 RAID 0B、 RAID 1C、 RAID 5D、 RAID 10
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For an enterprise to use one of the reserved private IP address ranges, as best practice they shouldcoordinate with:（）A、their legal departmentB、IANAC、IEEED、their IT department
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单选题For Question 1, select one answer choice. In the passage, “gold standard” most nearly means ______.A
monetary normalcyB
natural outgrowthC
financial customD
cultural expectationE
best practice
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单选题Which of the following RAID levels would be the BEST choice if performance was the only determining factor？（）A
RAID 0B
RAID 1C
RAID 5D
RAID 10
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单选题A company is about to install a second network connect on with a new ISP. Which of the followingrouting protocols is the BEST choice?（）A
IS-ISB
BGPC
OSPFD
RIP
考题
问答题Passage 3Fermented Foods for Babies Malnutrition during weaning age-when breast milk is being replaced by semi-solid foods-is highly prevalent in children of poor households in many developing countries. While the etiology is complex and multifactorial, the immediate causes are recognized as feeding at less than adequate levels for children’s growth and development, and recurrent infections, including diarrhea, resulting mainly from ingestion of contaminated foods. As a result, many young children, particularly between six months to two years of age, experience weight loss and impaired growth and development. Studies by investigators in various countries have concentrated on traditional food preparation methods and have resulted in offering cheap and practical answers to these problems based on familiar, indigenous and culturally acceptable home processing practices. Two such answers have arisen. Firstly, cereal fermentation is used for reducing the risk of contamination under the existing inappropriate conditions for food preparation and storage in many households. Secondly, a tiny amount of sprouted grains flour is used in preparation of weaning foods as a magic way to lessen the viscosity without decreasing energy density. A method to eliminate pathogenic bacteria and inhibit their growth during storage of weaning preparations can benefit nutrition and health in young children considerably. Use of fermented foods for feeding children of weaning age appears to be an effective solution. Fermented foods have lower levels of diarrhoeal germ contamination, they are suitable for child feeding, and can be safely stored for much longer periods of time than fresh foods. The practice has been a traditional way of food preservation in many parts of the world. The anti-microbial properties of fermented foods and their relative higher safety-documented since the early 1900’s-have been indicated in a number of studies. In Ghana, it is common to ferment maize dough before cooking it as porridge. In Kenya, cereal-based porridge and milk are traditionally fermented. Preserving milk in the form of yoghurt has been known to many households living in hot climates. What are the underlying mechanisms by which fermentation processes help to prevent or reduce contamination? A possible answer suggests that during the fermentation process foods become more acid. This explains why diarrhoea-causing bacteria are not able to grow in fermented foods as rapidly as in unfermented ones. It is also hypothesized that some of the germs present in the foods are killed or inhibited from growing through the action of anti-microbial substances produced during fermentation (Dialogue on Diarrhoea, 1990). The fermented foods can, therefore, be kept for a longer time compared to fresh ones. It has been shown that while contamination levels in cooked unfermented foods increase with storage time, fermented foods remain less contaminated. Whatever the underlying mechanisms, the fact is that the exercise reduces contamination without adding to the household cost both in terms of time and money. Its preparation is easy. The cereal flour is mixed with water to form a dough which is left to be fermented; addition of yeast, or mixing with a small portion of previously fermented dough is sometimes needed. The dough can then be cooked into porridge for feeding to the child. Although beneficial, unfortunately the practice is going out of fashion, partly because of current emphasis on the use of fresh foods, particularly for children. For example, a study on the use of fermented foods for young children in Kenya (Dialogue on Diarrhoea, 1990), demonstrated that while foods are still frequently fermented at home for child feeding, their use is becoming less popular, particularly in urban areas where commercial products are more available. Clearly they now need to be promoted. Complete the summary with the list of words A-N below. Write your answers in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet. Malnutrition and the resulting impaired growth and development in children of weaning age in developing countries result not only from 1______ but also from infections caused by 2______. Studies have addressed the problem of inadequate intake by using sprouted grains in food preparation. Contamination has been tackled with 3______. Both of these methods are, or were, used traditionally and are practical and inexpensive. Fermented foods have higher 4______ and also have anti-microbial qualities. This means that contamination is decreased and that their 5______ is increased. Fermentation occurs when 6______ is left to stand, occasionally with simple additives. There is, however, a trend away from this 7______ to commercial products.A. porridge H. storage lifeB. malnutrition I. sprouted grainsC. fermentation J. inadequate food intakeD. new technology K. acidityE. contaminated food L. unfermented foodF. diarrhoeal germs M. weaningG. traditional food N. dough
考题
问答题In this section, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully and complete the summery below by choosing a maximum of three words from the passage to fill in each of the blanks 51-5.Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet. Malnutrition during weaning age—when breast milk is being replaced by semi-solid foods—is highly prevalent in children of poor households in many developing countries. While the etiology is complex and multifactorial, the immediate causes are recognized as feeding at less than adequate levels for child growth and development, and recurrent infections, including diarrhoea, resulting mainly from ingestion of contaminated foods. As a result, many young children, particularly between six months to two years of age, experience weight loss and impaired growth and development. Two such answers have arisen. Firstly, cereal fermentation is used for reducing the risk of contamination under the existing inappropriate conditions for food preparation and storage in many households. Secondly, a tiny amount of sprouted grains flour is used in preparation of weaning foods as a magic way to lessen the viscosity without decreasing energy density. A method to eliminate pathogenic bacteria and inhibit their growth during storage of weaning preparations can benefit nutrition and health in young children considerably. Use of fermented foods for feeding children of weaning age appears to be an effective solution. Fermented foods have lower levels of diarrhoeal germ contamination, they are suitable for child feeding, and can be safely stored for much longer periods of time than fresh foods. The practice has been a traditional way of food preservation in many parts of the world. The antimicrobial properties of fermented foods and their relative higher safety-documented since the early 1900’s—have been indicated in a number of studies. What are the underlying mechanisms by which fermentation processes help to prevent or reduce contamination? A possible answer suggests that during the fermentation process foods become more acid. This explains why diarrhoea-causing bacteria are not able to grow in fermented foods as rapidly as in unfermented ones. It is also hypothesized that some of the germs present in the foods are killed or inhibited from growing through the action of antimicrobial substances produced during fermentation (Dialogue on Diarrhoea, 1990). The fermented foods can, therefore, be kept for a longer time compared to fresh ones. It has been shown that while contamination levels in cooked unfermented foods increase with storage time, fermented foods remain less contaminated. Whatever the underlying mechanisms, the fact is that the exercise reduces contamination without adding to the household cost both in terms of time and money. Its preparation is easy. The cereal flour is mixed with water to form a dough which is left to be fermented; addition of yeast, or mixing with a small portion of previously fermented dough is sometimes needed. The dough can then be cooked into porridge for feeding to the child. Summary: Malnutrition and the resulting impaired growth and development in children of weaning age in developing countries results not only from (1) but also from infections caused by contaminated food. Studies have addressed the problem of inadequate intake by using sprouted grains in food preparation. Contamination has been tackled with (2) Both of these methods are, or were, used traditionally and are practical and inexpensive.Fermented foods have higher (3) , and also have antimicrobial qualities. This means that contamination is decreased and that their (4) is increased. Fermentation occurs when (5) is left to stand, occasionally with simple additives.
考题
单选题Which is the best one for preserving food in the following methods?A
Put the food in a cold place.B
Cook the food well.C
Dry the food by sun.D
It is not told.
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