网友您好， 请在下方输入框内输入要搜索的题目：
题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
问答题
Passage 3Fermented Foods for Babies Malnutrition during weaning age-when breast milk is being replaced by semi-solid foods-is highly prevalent in children of poor households in many developing countries. While the etiology is complex and multifactorial, the immediate causes are recognized as feeding at less than adequate levels for children’s growth and development, and recurrent infections, including diarrhea, resulting mainly from ingestion of contaminated foods. As a result, many young children, particularly between six months to two years of age, experience weight loss and impaired growth and development. Studies by investigators in various countries have concentrated on traditional food preparation methods and have resulted in offering cheap and practical answers to these problems based on familiar, indigenous and culturally acceptable home processing practices. Two such answers have arisen. Firstly, cereal fermentation is used for reducing the risk of contamination under the existing inappropriate conditions for food preparation and storage in many households. Secondly, a tiny amount of sprouted grains flour is used in preparation of weaning foods as a magic way to lessen the viscosity without decreasing energy density. A method to eliminate pathogenic bacteria and inhibit their growth during storage of weaning preparations can benefit nutrition and health in young children considerably. Use of fermented foods for feeding children of weaning age appears to be an effective solution. Fermented foods have lower levels of diarrhoeal germ contamination, they are suitable for child feeding, and can be safely stored for much longer periods of time than fresh foods. The practice has been a traditional way of food preservation in many parts of the world. The anti-microbial properties of fermented foods and their relative higher safety-documented since the early 1900’s-have been indicated in a number of studies. In Ghana, it is common to ferment maize dough before cooking it as porridge. In Kenya, cereal-based porridge and milk are traditionally fermented. Preserving milk in the form of yoghurt has been known to many households living in hot climates. What are the underlying mechanisms by which fermentation processes help to prevent or reduce contamination? A possible answer suggests that during the fermentation process foods become more acid. This explains why diarrhoea-causing bacteria are not able to grow in fermented foods as rapidly as in unfermented ones. It is also hypothesized that some of the germs present in the foods are killed or inhibited from growing through the action of anti-microbial substances produced during fermentation (Dialogue on Diarrhoea, 1990). The fermented foods can, therefore, be kept for a longer time compared to fresh ones. It has been shown that while contamination levels in cooked unfermented foods increase with storage time, fermented foods remain less contaminated. Whatever the underlying mechanisms, the fact is that the exercise reduces contamination without adding to the household cost both in terms of time and money. Its preparation is easy. The cereal flour is mixed with water to form a dough which is left to be fermented; addition of yeast, or mixing with a small portion of previously fermented dough is sometimes needed. The dough can then be cooked into porridge for feeding to the child. Although beneficial, unfortunately the practice is going out of fashion, partly because of current emphasis on the use of fresh foods, particularly for children. For example, a study on the use of fermented foods for young children in Kenya (Dialogue on Diarrhoea, 1990), demonstrated that while foods are still frequently fermented at home for child feeding, their use is becoming less popular, particularly in urban areas where commercial products are more available. Clearly they now need to be promoted. Complete the summary with the list of words A-N below. Write your answers in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet. Malnutrition and the resulting impaired growth and development in children of weaning age in developing countries result not only from 1______ but also from infections caused by 2______. Studies have addressed the problem of inadequate intake by using sprouted grains in food preparation. Contamination has been tackled with 3______. Both of these methods are, or were, used traditionally and are practical and inexpensive. Fermented foods have higher 4______ and also have anti-microbial qualities. This means that contamination is decreased and that their 5______ is increased. Fermentation occurs when 6______ is left to stand, occasionally with simple additives. There is, however, a trend away from this 7______ to commercial products.A. porridge H. storage lifeB. malnutrition I. sprouted grainsC. fermentation J. inadequate food intakeD. new technology K. acidityE. contaminated food L. unfermented foodF. diarrhoeal germs M. weaningG. traditional food N. dough
参考答案
参考解析
解析：
暂无解析
更多 “问答题Passage 3Fermented Foods for Babies Malnutrition during weaning age-when breast milk is being replaced by semi-solid foods-is highly prevalent in children of poor households in many developing countries. While the etiology is complex and multifactorial, the immediate causes are recognized as feeding at less than adequate levels for children’s growth and development, and recurrent infections, including diarrhea, resulting mainly from ingestion of contaminated foods. As a result, many young children, particularly between six months to two years of age, experience weight loss and impaired growth and development. Studies by investigators in various countries have concentrated on traditional food preparation methods and have resulted in offering cheap and practical answers to these problems based on familiar, indigenous and culturally acceptable home processing practices. Two such answers have arisen. Firstly, cereal fermentation is used for reducing the risk of contamination under the existing inappropriate conditions for food preparation and storage in many households. Secondly, a tiny amount of sprouted grains flour is used in preparation of weaning foods as a magic way to lessen the viscosity without decreasing energy density. A method to eliminate pathogenic bacteria and inhibit their growth during storage of weaning preparations can benefit nutrition and health in young children considerably. Use of fermented foods for feeding children of weaning age appears to be an effective solution. Fermented foods have lower levels of diarrhoeal germ contamination, they are suitable for child feeding, and can be safely stored for much longer periods of time than fresh foods. The practice has been a traditional way of food preservation in many parts of the world. The anti-microbial properties of fermented foods and their relative higher safety-documented since the early 1900’s-have been indicated in a number of studies. In Ghana, it is common to ferment maize dough before cooking it as porridge. In Kenya, cereal-based porridge and milk are traditionally fermented. Preserving milk in the form of yoghurt has been known to many households living in hot climates. What are the underlying mechanisms by which fermentation processes help to prevent or reduce contamination? A possible answer suggests that during the fermentation process foods become more acid. This explains why diarrhoea-causing bacteria are not able to grow in fermented foods as rapidly as in unfermented ones. It is also hypothesized that some of the germs present in the foods are killed or inhibited from growing through the action of anti-microbial substances produced during fermentation (Dialogue on Diarrhoea, 1990). The fermented foods can, therefore, be kept for a longer time compared to fresh ones. It has been shown that while contamination levels in cooked unfermented foods increase with storage time, fermented foods remain less contaminated. Whatever the underlying mechanisms, the fact is that the exercise reduces contamination without adding to the household cost both in terms of time and money. Its preparation is easy. The cereal flour is mixed with water to form a dough which is left to be fermented; addition of yeast, or mixing with a small portion of previously fermented dough is sometimes needed. The dough can then be cooked into porridge for feeding to the child. Although beneficial, unfortunately the practice is going out of fashion, partly because of current emphasis on the use of fresh foods, particularly for children. For example, a study on the use of fermented foods for young children in Kenya (Dialogue on Diarrhoea, 1990), demonstrated that while foods are still frequently fermented at home for child feeding, their use is becoming less popular, particularly in urban areas where commercial products are more available. Clearly they now need to be promoted. Complete the summary with the list of words A-N below. Write your answers in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet. Malnutrition and the resulting impaired growth and development in children of weaning age in developing countries result not only from 1______ but also from infections caused by 2______. Studies have addressed the problem of inadequate intake by using sprouted grains in food preparation. Contamination has been tackled with 3______. Both of these methods are, or were, used traditionally and are practical and inexpensive. Fermented foods have higher 4______ and also have anti-microbial qualities. This means that contamination is decreased and that their 5______ is increased. Fermentation occurs when 6______ is left to stand, occasionally with simple additives. There is, however, a trend away from this 7______ to commercial products.A. porridge H. storage lifeB. malnutrition I. sprouted grainsC. fermentation J. inadequate food intakeD. new technology K. acidityE. contaminated food L. unfermented foodF. diarrhoeal germs M. weaningG. traditional food N. dough” 相关考题
考题
The children _______ many times not to go near the lake.
(A) were being told(B) have told(C) have been told(D) told
考题
The main idea of this passage is ______.A. many animals die during hibernationB. hibernation protects animals during the wintertimeC. scientists feel puzzled about hibernationD. some bats hibernate and others do not
考题
Passage ThreeFor more than six million American children, coming home after school means coming home to an empty house. They spend part of each day alone. They are called "latchkey children". They're children who look after themselves while their parents work. And their bad conditions have become a social problem.Lyne Brown was once the headmaster of an elementary school. She said, "A lot of kids had chains around their necks with keys attached.! was constantly telling them to put them inside shirts. There were so many keys, it never came to my mind what they meant. ",slowly, she learned they were house keys.Lyne learned of the impact working couples and single parents were having on their children. She found that Fear is the biggest problem faced by children at home alone. Many had nightmares and were worried about their own safety.The most common way latchkey children deal with their fears is by hiding. It might be in a shower stall, under a bed, in a closet. The second is TV. They'll often play it at high volume. It's hard to get statistics (情况，材料) on latchkey children. Most parents are slow to admit they leave their children alone.41. The main idea about "latchkey children" is that they______.A. are growing in numbersB. are also found in middle-class neighborhoodsC. watch too much television during the dayD. suffer problems from being left alone
考题
Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.An understanding of man's effect on the balance of nature is crucial (关键的) to being able to find the appropriate remedial action. It is a very common belief that the problems of the population explosion are caused mainly by poor people living in poor countries who do not know enough to limit their reproduction. This is not true. The actual number of people in an area is not as important as the effect they have on nature. Developing countries do have an effect on their environment, but it is the populations of richer countries that have a far greater impact on the earth as a whole.For example, tropical forests are known to be essential to the balance of nature, yet we are destroying them at a great rate. They are being cleared not to benefit the natives of that country, but to satisfy the needs of rich countries. Central American forests are being destroyed for grassland to make pet food in the United States cheaper; in Papua slew Guinea, forests are destroyed to supply cheaper cardboard packaging for Japanese electronic products; in Burma and Thailand, forests have been destroyed to produce more attractive furniture in Singapore and Hong Kong. Therefore, a rich person living thousands of miles away may cause more tropical forest destruction than a poor person living in the forest itself.In short, it is everybody's duty to safeguard the future of mankind—not only through population control, but by being more aware of the effect his actions have on nature. Nature is both fragile and powerful. It is very easily destroyed; on the other hand, it can easily destroy its most dangerous enemy—man.31.According to the first paragraph, people usually believe that .A.poor people in poor countries contribute to the imbalance of natureB. rich people know how to protect the environment by taking actionsC. people in poor areas know a lot about the birth controlD. rich people in rich countries have done a lot to balance nature
考题
共用题干
第一篇Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life long consequences.There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatment. Data for many countries,especially low and middle income countries,are lacking.Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study. Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used.Nonetheless,international studies reveal that approximately 20% of women and 5%一10% of men report being sexually abused as children.While 25%一50%of all children report being physically abused. Additionally,many children are subject to emotional abuse(sometimes referred to as psychological abuse).Every year,there are an estimated 31 ,000 homicide（他杀）deaths in children under 15. This number underestimates the true extent of the problem,as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to（归因于）falls, burns and drowning.Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences.Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain development. Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and immune systems.Consequently,as adults,maltreated children are at increased risk for behavioural,physical and mental health problems.Via the behavioural and mental health consequences,maltreatment can contribute to heart disease,cancer,suicide and sexually transmitted infections.Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment,there is an economic impact,including :ost of hospitalization,mental health treatment,child welfare,and longer-term health cost.A number of risk factor for child maltreatment has been identified.These risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts,but provide an overview when attempting to understand the causes of child maltreatment.It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never to blame（责怪）for maltreatment.A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated,such as being either under four years old or an adolescent,being unwanted,or failing to fulfill the expectations of parents and having special need,crying persistently or having abnormal physical features.Many homicide deaths in children under 15 are wrongly categorized into the following types except_______according to the passage.A:drowning in swimming B:diarrheaC:burns D:falls
考题
共用题干
Dangers Await Babies With AltitudeWomen who live in the world's highest communities tend to give birth to underweight babies,a new study suggests.These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average.But it wasn't clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished一many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.To find out more,Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998.The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities:La Paz and Santa Cruz.La Paz is the highest city in the world,at 3.65 kilometers above sea level,while Santa Cruz is much lower,at 0.44 kilometers.Sure enough,Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz.This was true in both high and low-income families.Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz."We were very surprised by this result,"says Giussani.The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth."This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child," says Giussani.His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies.This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body.Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life. People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood,for example.Low birth weight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease.And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.According to the passage,one of the reasons why newborns in mountain communities are underweight is that their mothers are underweight.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
考题
共用题干
Malnutrition"Much of the sickness and death attributed to the major communicable diseases is in fact caused by malnutrition which makes the body less able to withstand infections when they strike",said Dr.Hiroshi Na-kajima,Director-General of the World Health Organization(WHO),in his statement on the first day of theWorld Food Summit organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in Rome,Italy,from 1 3 to 17 November,1996."At the same time,"he added,"in developing countries today,malnutrition is the cause of 174 million children under five years of age being underweight,and 230 million being stunted in their growth.Such figures represent deprivation, suffering and wasted human potential on a scale that is unacceptable from every point of view.Whether we think in terms of humanitarian concern,common justice or development needs, they demand a response,both from national governments and from international community."At the end of January 1996,98 countries had national plans of action for nutrition and 41 countries had one under preparation,in keeping with their commitments made at the International Conference on Nutrition in Rome in December 1992.The global situation,however,remains grim.Over 800 million people around the world still cannot meet basic needs for energy and protein,more than 2 ,000 million people lack essential micronutrients,and hundreds of millions suffer from diseases caused by unsafe food and unbalanced diets.In sheer numbers,iron is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency.Mainly women of reproduction' age and children under five are affected by iron deficiency with prevalence hovering around 50% in developing countries.Among various regions in the world,it is South Asia which is hit hardest with prevalence reaching 80% in some countries.Tn infants and young children even mild anemia is associated with impaired intellectual as well as physical development.In older children and adults iron deficiency reduces work capacity and output.It also leads to increased accidents at work.While there is no single remedy,a combination of several preventive approaches is believed to work best.Dietary improvement includes consumption of iron-and vitamin C-rich foods and foods of animal origin, and avoiding drinking tea or coffee with or soon after meals.Iron supplementation of foods,particularly of staple cereals,is practiced in a growing number of countries.Iron supplementation is the most common approach,particularly for pregnant women.How many countries have made plans of action for nutrition?A:98.B:41.C:139. D:57.
考题
共用题干
Malnutrition"Much of the sickness and death attributed to the major communicable diseases is in fact caused by malnutrition which makes the body less able to withstand infections when they strike",said Dr.Hiroshi Na-kajima,Director-General of the World Health Organization(WHO),in his statement on the first day of theWorld Food Summit organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in Rome,Italy,from 1 3 to 17 November,1996."At the same time,"he added,"in developing countries today,malnutrition is the cause of 174 million children under five years of age being underweight,and 230 million being stunted in their growth.Such figures represent deprivation, suffering and wasted human potential on a scale that is unacceptable from every point of view.Whether we think in terms of humanitarian concern,common justice or development needs, they demand a response,both from national governments and from international community."At the end of January 1996,98 countries had national plans of action for nutrition and 41 countries had one under preparation,in keeping with their commitments made at the International Conference on Nutrition in Rome in December 1992.The global situation,however,remains grim.Over 800 million people around the world still cannot meet basic needs for energy and protein,more than 2 ,000 million people lack essential micronutrients,and hundreds of millions suffer from diseases caused by unsafe food and unbalanced diets.In sheer numbers,iron is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency.Mainly women of reproduction' age and children under five are affected by iron deficiency with prevalence hovering around 50% in developing countries.Among various regions in the world,it is South Asia which is hit hardest with prevalence reaching 80% in some countries.Tn infants and young children even mild anemia is associated with impaired intellectual as well as physical development.In older children and adults iron deficiency reduces work capacity and output.It also leads to increased accidents at work.While there is no single remedy,a combination of several preventive approaches is believed to work best.Dietary improvement includes consumption of iron-and vitamin C-rich foods and foods of animal origin, and avoiding drinking tea or coffee with or soon after meals.Iron supplementation of foods,particularly of staple cereals,is practiced in a growing number of countries.Iron supplementation is the most common approach,particularly for pregnant women.Which of the following is NOT the harm of lacking iron?A:Anemia. B:Impaired intellectual development.C:Traffic accidents. D:Reduced work capacity.
考题
共用题干
Malnutrition"Much of the sickness and death attributed to the major communicable diseases is in fact caused by malnutrition which makes the body less able to withstand infections when they strike",said Dr.Hiroshi Na-kajima,Director-General of the World Health Organization(WHO),in his statement on the first day of theWorld Food Summit organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in Rome,Italy,from 1 3 to 17 November,1996."At the same time,"he added,"in developing countries today,malnutrition is the cause of 174 million children under five years of age being underweight,and 230 million being stunted in their growth.Such figures represent deprivation, suffering and wasted human potential on a scale that is unacceptable from every point of view.Whether we think in terms of humanitarian concern,common justice or development needs, they demand a response,both from national governments and from international community."At the end of January 1996,98 countries had national plans of action for nutrition and 41 countries had one under preparation,in keeping with their commitments made at the International Conference on Nutrition in Rome in December 1992.The global situation,however,remains grim.Over 800 million people around the world still cannot meet basic needs for energy and protein,more than 2 ,000 million people lack essential micronutrients,and hundreds of millions suffer from diseases caused by unsafe food and unbalanced diets.In sheer numbers,iron is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency.Mainly women of reproduction' age and children under five are affected by iron deficiency with prevalence hovering around 50% in developing countries.Among various regions in the world,it is South Asia which is hit hardest with prevalence reaching 80% in some countries.Tn infants and young children even mild anemia is associated with impaired intellectual as well as physical development.In older children and adults iron deficiency reduces work capacity and output.It also leads to increased accidents at work.While there is no single remedy,a combination of several preventive approaches is believed to work best.Dietary improvement includes consumption of iron-and vitamin C-rich foods and foods of animal origin, and avoiding drinking tea or coffee with or soon after meals.Iron supplementation of foods,particularly of staple cereals,is practiced in a growing number of countries.Iron supplementation is the most common approach,particularly for pregnant women.What is the cause of much of the sickness and death?A:Certain diseases. B:Malnutrition.C:Infections. D:Accidents.
考题
共用题干
第一篇Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life long consequences.There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatment. Data for many countries,especially low and middle income countries,are lacking.Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study. Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used.Nonetheless,international studies reveal that approximately 20% of women and 5%一10% of men report being sexually abused as children.While 25%一50%of all children report being physically abused. Additionally,many children are subject to emotional abuse(sometimes referred to as psychological abuse).Every year,there are an estimated 31 ,000 homicide（他杀）deaths in children under 15. This number underestimates the true extent of the problem,as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to（归因于）falls, burns and drowning.Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences.Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain development. Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and immune systems.Consequently,as adults,maltreated children are at increased risk for behavioural,physical and mental health problems.Via the behavioural and mental health consequences,maltreatment can contribute to heart disease,cancer,suicide and sexually transmitted infections.Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment,there is an economic impact,including :ost of hospitalization,mental health treatment,child welfare,and longer-term health cost.A number of risk factor for child maltreatment has been identified.These risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts,but provide an overview when attempting to understand the causes of child maltreatment.It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never to blame（责怪）for maltreatment.A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated,such as being either under four years old or an adolescent,being unwanted,or failing to fulfill the expectations of parents and having special need,crying persistently or having abnormal physical features.Which of the following statements is ture according to the passage?A:20% of women got sexually abused in their childhood.B:25%一50%of all children were reported to have been physically abused.C:25%一50%of children were psychologically abused.D:60%—75%of children were neglected by their parents.
考题
共用题干
第三篇Malnutrition"Much of the sickness and death attributed to the major communicable diseases is in fact caused by malnutrition which makes the body less able to withstand infections when they strike",said Dr. Hiroshi Na- kajima,Director-General of the World Health Organization(WHO),in his statement on the first day of the World Food Summit organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in Rome,Ita-ly,from 13 to 17 November,1996."At the same time,"he added," in developing countries today,malnutrition is the cause of 174 millionchildren under five years of age being underweight,and 230 million being stunted in their growth.Such figuresrepresent deprivation,suffering and wasted human potential on a scale that is unacceptable from every point of view.Whether we think in terms of humanitarian concern,common justice or development needs,theydemand a response,both from national governments and from international community.At the end of January 1996,98 countries had national plans of action for nutrition and 41 countries hadone under preparation,in keeping with their commitments made at the International Conference on Nutritionin Rome in December 1992. The global situation, however, remains grim.Over 800 million people aroundthe world still cannot meet basic needs for energy and protein, more than two thousand million people lackessential micronutrients,and hundreds of millions suffer from diseases caused by unsafe food and unbalanceddiets.In sheer numbers,iron is the most prevalent mieronutrient deficiency. MainlY women of reproduction ageand children under five are affected by iron deficiency with prevalence hovering around 50% in developingcountries.Among various regions in the world, it is South Asia which is hit hardest with prevalence reaching80% in some countries.In infants and young children even mild anemia is associated with impaired intellectual as well as physical development.In older children and adults iron deficiency reduces work capacity and output. It also leads to increased accidents at work.While there is no single remedy,a combination of several preventive approaches is believed to work best一Dietary improvement includes consumption of iron一and vitamin C-rich foods and foods of animal origin, and avoiding drinking tea or coffee with or soon after meals.Iron supplementation of foods,pathcularly of staple cereals,is practiced in a growing number of countries.Iron supplementation is the most commonapproach,particularly for pregnant women.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a remedy for iron deficiency?A:Eating iron-rich foods.B:Avoiding drinking tea with meals.C:Drinking coffee soon after meals. D:Eating foods of animal origin.
考题
共用题干
Malnutrition"Much of the sickness and death attributed to the major communicable diseases is in fact caused by malnutrition which makes the body less able to withstand infections when they strike",said Dr.Hiroshi Na-kajima,Director-General of the World Health Organization(WHO),in his statement on the first day of theWorld Food Summit organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in Rome,Italy,from 1 3 to 17 November,1996."At the same time,"he added,"in developing countries today,malnutrition is the cause of 174 million children under five years of age being underweight,and 230 million being stunted in their growth.Such figures represent deprivation, suffering and wasted human potential on a scale that is unacceptable from every point of view.Whether we think in terms of humanitarian concern,common justice or development needs, they demand a response,both from national governments and from international community."At the end of January 1996,98 countries had national plans of action for nutrition and 41 countries had one under preparation,in keeping with their commitments made at the International Conference on Nutrition in Rome in December 1992.The global situation,however,remains grim.Over 800 million people around the world still cannot meet basic needs for energy and protein,more than 2 ,000 million people lack essential micronutrients,and hundreds of millions suffer from diseases caused by unsafe food and unbalanced diets.In sheer numbers,iron is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency.Mainly women of reproduction' age and children under five are affected by iron deficiency with prevalence hovering around 50% in developing countries.Among various regions in the world,it is South Asia which is hit hardest with prevalence reaching 80% in some countries.Tn infants and young children even mild anemia is associated with impaired intellectual as well as physical development.In older children and adults iron deficiency reduces work capacity and output.It also leads to increased accidents at work.While there is no single remedy,a combination of several preventive approaches is believed to work best.Dietary improvement includes consumption of iron-and vitamin C-rich foods and foods of animal origin, and avoiding drinking tea or coffee with or soon after meals.Iron supplementation of foods,particularly of staple cereals,is practiced in a growing number of countries.Iron supplementation is the most common approach,particularly for pregnant women.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a remedy for iron deficiency?A:Eating iron-rich foods. B:Avoiding drinking tea with meals.C:Drinking coffee soon after meals. D:Eating foods of animal origin.
考题
共用题干
第三篇Malnutrition"Much of the sickness and death attributed to the major communicable diseases is in fact caused by malnutrition which makes the body less able to withstand infections when they strike",said Dr. Hiroshi Na- kajima,Director-General of the World Health Organization(WHO),in his statement on the first day of the World Food Summit organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in Rome,Ita-ly,from 13 to 17 November,1996."At the same time,"he added," in developing countries today,malnutrition is the cause of 174 millionchildren under five years of age being underweight,and 230 million being stunted in their growth.Such figuresrepresent deprivation,suffering and wasted human potential on a scale that is unacceptable from every point of view.Whether we think in terms of humanitarian concern,common justice or development needs,theydemand a response,both from national governments and from international community.At the end of January 1996,98 countries had national plans of action for nutrition and 41 countries hadone under preparation,in keeping with their commitments made at the International Conference on Nutritionin Rome in December 1992. The global situation, however, remains grim.Over 800 million people aroundthe world still cannot meet basic needs for energy and protein, more than two thousand million people lackessential micronutrients,and hundreds of millions suffer from diseases caused by unsafe food and unbalanceddiets.In sheer numbers,iron is the most prevalent mieronutrient deficiency. MainlY women of reproduction ageand children under five are affected by iron deficiency with prevalence hovering around 50% in developingcountries.Among various regions in the world, it is South Asia which is hit hardest with prevalence reaching80% in some countries.In infants and young children even mild anemia is associated with impaired intellectual as well as physical development.In older children and adults iron deficiency reduces work capacity and output. It also leads to increased accidents at work.While there is no single remedy,a combination of several preventive approaches is believed to work best一Dietary improvement includes consumption of iron一and vitamin C-rich foods and foods of animal origin, and avoiding drinking tea or coffee with or soon after meals.Iron supplementation of foods,pathcularly of staple cereals,is practiced in a growing number of countries.Iron supplementation is the most commonapproach,particularly for pregnant women.What is the writer’s attitude toward the serious situation?A:It is strange.B:It is acceptable.C:We should act.D:We can only wait.
考题
共用题干
Dangers Await Babies with AltitudeWomen who live in the world's highest communities tend to give birth to underweight babies, a new study suggests.These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average.But it wasn't clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished—many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.To find out more,Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998 .The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities:La Paz and Santa Cruz.La Paz is the highest city in the world,at 3 .65 kilometers above sea level,while Santa Cruz is much lower,at 0 .44 kilometers.Sure enough,Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz.This was true in both high and low-income families.Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz.“We were very surprised by this result,”says Giussani.The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth. “This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child,”says Giussani.His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies.This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body.Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life.People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood,for example.Low birthweight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease.And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life. It can be learned from the last paragraph that______.A: high-altitude babies tend to have high blood pressure in their later lifeB: underweight babies have a shorter life spanC: babies born to poor families lack certain hormones before birthD: newborns in wealthy families have larger heads compared with their bodies
考题
共用题干
第三篇Malnutrition"Much of the sickness and death attributed to the major communicable diseases is in fact caused by malnutrition which makes the body less able to withstand infections when they strike",said Dr. Hiroshi Na- kajima,Director-General of the World Health Organization(WHO),in his statement on the first day of the World Food Summit organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in Rome,Ita-ly,from 13 to 17 November,1996."At the same time,"he added," in developing countries today,malnutrition is the cause of 174 millionchildren under five years of age being underweight,and 230 million being stunted in their growth.Such figuresrepresent deprivation,suffering and wasted human potential on a scale that is unacceptable from every point of view.Whether we think in terms of humanitarian concern,common justice or development needs,theydemand a response,both from national governments and from international community.At the end of January 1996,98 countries had national plans of action for nutrition and 41 countries hadone under preparation,in keeping with their commitments made at the International Conference on Nutritionin Rome in December 1992. The global situation, however, remains grim.Over 800 million people aroundthe world still cannot meet basic needs for energy and protein, more than two thousand million people lackessential micronutrients,and hundreds of millions suffer from diseases caused by unsafe food and unbalanceddiets.In sheer numbers,iron is the most prevalent mieronutrient deficiency. MainlY women of reproduction ageand children under five are affected by iron deficiency with prevalence hovering around 50% in developingcountries.Among various regions in the world, it is South Asia which is hit hardest with prevalence reaching80% in some countries.In infants and young children even mild anemia is associated with impaired intellectual as well as physical development.In older children and adults iron deficiency reduces work capacity and output. It also leads to increased accidents at work.While there is no single remedy,a combination of several preventive approaches is believed to work best一Dietary improvement includes consumption of iron一and vitamin C-rich foods and foods of animal origin, and avoiding drinking tea or coffee with or soon after meals.Iron supplementation of foods,pathcularly of staple cereals,is practiced in a growing number of countries.Iron supplementation is the most commonapproach,particularly for pregnant women.How many countries have made plans of action for nutrition?A:98.B:41.C:139.D:57.
考题
共用题干
第三篇Malnutrition"Much of the sickness and death attributed to the major communicable diseases is in fact caused by malnutrition which makes the body less able to withstand infections when they strike",said Dr. Hiroshi Na- kajima,Director-General of the World Health Organization(WHO),in his statement on the first day of the World Food Summit organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in Rome,Ita-ly,from 13 to 17 November,1996."At the same time,"he added," in developing countries today,malnutrition is the cause of 174 millionchildren under five years of age being underweight,and 230 million being stunted in their growth.Such figuresrepresent deprivation,suffering and wasted human potential on a scale that is unacceptable from every point of view.Whether we think in terms of humanitarian concern,common justice or development needs,theydemand a response,both from national governments and from international community.At the end of January 1996,98 countries had national plans of action for nutrition and 41 countries hadone under preparation,in keeping with their commitments made at the International Conference on Nutritionin Rome in December 1992. The global situation, however, remains grim.Over 800 million people aroundthe world still cannot meet basic needs for energy and protein, more than two thousand million people lackessential micronutrients,and hundreds of millions suffer from diseases caused by unsafe food and unbalanceddiets.In sheer numbers,iron is the most prevalent mieronutrient deficiency. MainlY women of reproduction ageand children under five are affected by iron deficiency with prevalence hovering around 50% in developingcountries.Among various regions in the world, it is South Asia which is hit hardest with prevalence reaching80% in some countries.In infants and young children even mild anemia is associated with impaired intellectual as well as physical development.In older children and adults iron deficiency reduces work capacity and output. It also leads to increased accidents at work.While there is no single remedy,a combination of several preventive approaches is believed to work best一Dietary improvement includes consumption of iron一and vitamin C-rich foods and foods of animal origin, and avoiding drinking tea or coffee with or soon after meals.Iron supplementation of foods,pathcularly of staple cereals,is practiced in a growing number of countries.Iron supplementation is the most commonapproach,particularly for pregnant women.What is the cause of much of the sickness and death?A:Certain diseases.B:Malnutrition.C:Infections.D:Accidents.
考题
The carpet has so many stains on it thatit needs__________A.replace
B.to replace
C.being replaced
D.to be replaced
考题
共用题干
第一篇Preventing Child MaltreatmentChild maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences.There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatment.Data for many countries,especially low and middle income countries,are lacking.Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study.Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used.Nonetheless,international studies reveal that approximately 20% of women and 5-10% of men report being sexually abused as children,while 25-50% of all children report being physically abused.Additionally,many children are subject to emotional abuse(sometimes referred to as psychological abuse).Every year,there are an estimated 31 ,000 homicide deaths in children under 15.This number underestimates the true extent of the problem,as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to falls,bums and drowning.Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences. Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain development. Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and immune systems.Consequently,as adults,maltreated children are at increased risk for behavioural,physical and mental health problems.Via the behavioural and mental health consequences,maltreatment can contribute to heart disease,cancer,suicide,and sexually transmitted infections.Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment,there is an economic impact,including costs of hospitalization,mental health treatment,child welfare,and longer-term health costs.A number of risk factors for child maltreatment have been identified.These risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts,but provide an overview when attempting to understand the causes of child maltreatment.It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never to blame for maltreatment. A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated,such as being either under four years old or an adolescent,being unwanted,or failing to fulfill the expectations of parents and having special needs,crying persistently or having abnormal physical features.Child maltreatment can bring all the following consequences EXCEPT__________.A:stressB:suicideC:heart diseaseD:poor memory
考题
共用题干
第一篇Preventing Child MaltreatmentChild maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences.There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatment.Data for many countries,especially low and middle income countries,are lacking.Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study.Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used.Nonetheless,international studies reveal that approximately 20% of women and 5-10% of men report being sexually abused as children,while 25-50% of all children report being physically abused.Additionally,many children are subject to emotional abuse(sometimes referred to as psychological abuse).Every year,there are an estimated 31 ,000 homicide deaths in children under 15.This number underestimates the true extent of the problem,as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to falls,bums and drowning.Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences. Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain development. Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and immune systems.Consequently,as adults,maltreated children are at increased risk for behavioural,physical and mental health problems.Via the behavioural and mental health consequences,maltreatment can contribute to heart disease,cancer,suicide,and sexually transmitted infections.Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment,there is an economic impact,including costs of hospitalization,mental health treatment,child welfare,and longer-term health costs.A number of risk factors for child maltreatment have been identified.These risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts,but provide an overview when attempting to understand the causes of child maltreatment.It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never to blame for maltreatment. A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated,such as being either under four years old or an adolescent,being unwanted,or failing to fulfill the expectations of parents and having special needs,crying persistently or having abnormal physical features.We can infer from the passage that__________.A:researchers have collected enough data on child maltreatmentB:more than 31,000 children under 15 are killed every yearC:many countries have set up special institutions for maltreated childrenD:some children are also to blame for maltreatment
考题
What kind of message does the society give to the children who are becoming obsessed with dieting and their weight？( ) A.It is important to be thin
B.It is fashionable to have diet
C.It’s a shame that children are being robbed of their childhoods
D.It’s a shame that children are developing eating disorders
考题
What kind of message does the society give to the children who are becoming obsessed with dieting and their weight？( ) A.It is important to be thin.
B.It is fashionable to have diet.
C.It’s a shame that children are being robbed of their childhoods.
D.It’s a shame that children are developing eating disorders.
考题
单选题What can a culture camp help to do according to Peter Kassen?A
It helps the adopted kids form a correct attitude to their complex heritage.B
It helps the Chinese children have fun with their American parents.C
It helps the Americans increase the adoption from Russia and China.D
It helps the American parents adopt children from other countries.
考题
问答题In this section, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully and complete the summery below by choosing a maximum of three words from the passage to fill in each of the blanks 51-5.Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet. Malnutrition during weaning age—when breast milk is being replaced by semi-solid foods—is highly prevalent in children of poor households in many developing countries. While the etiology is complex and multifactorial, the immediate causes are recognized as feeding at less than adequate levels for child growth and development, and recurrent infections, including diarrhoea, resulting mainly from ingestion of contaminated foods. As a result, many young children, particularly between six months to two years of age, experience weight loss and impaired growth and development. Two such answers have arisen. Firstly, cereal fermentation is used for reducing the risk of contamination under the existing inappropriate conditions for food preparation and storage in many households. Secondly, a tiny amount of sprouted grains flour is used in preparation of weaning foods as a magic way to lessen the viscosity without decreasing energy density. A method to eliminate pathogenic bacteria and inhibit their growth during storage of weaning preparations can benefit nutrition and health in young children considerably. Use of fermented foods for feeding children of weaning age appears to be an effective solution. Fermented foods have lower levels of diarrhoeal germ contamination, they are suitable for child feeding, and can be safely stored for much longer periods of time than fresh foods. The practice has been a traditional way of food preservation in many parts of the world. The antimicrobial properties of fermented foods and their relative higher safety-documented since the early 1900’s—have been indicated in a number of studies. What are the underlying mechanisms by which fermentation processes help to prevent or reduce contamination? A possible answer suggests that during the fermentation process foods become more acid. This explains why diarrhoea-causing bacteria are not able to grow in fermented foods as rapidly as in unfermented ones. It is also hypothesized that some of the germs present in the foods are killed or inhibited from growing through the action of antimicrobial substances produced during fermentation (Dialogue on Diarrhoea, 1990). The fermented foods can, therefore, be kept for a longer time compared to fresh ones. It has been shown that while contamination levels in cooked unfermented foods increase with storage time, fermented foods remain less contaminated. Whatever the underlying mechanisms, the fact is that the exercise reduces contamination without adding to the household cost both in terms of time and money. Its preparation is easy. The cereal flour is mixed with water to form a dough which is left to be fermented; addition of yeast, or mixing with a small portion of previously fermented dough is sometimes needed. The dough can then be cooked into porridge for feeding to the child. Summary: Malnutrition and the resulting impaired growth and development in children of weaning age in developing countries results not only from (1) but also from infections caused by contaminated food. Studies have addressed the problem of inadequate intake by using sprouted grains in food preparation. Contamination has been tackled with (2) Both of these methods are, or were, used traditionally and are practical and inexpensive.Fermented foods have higher (3) , and also have antimicrobial qualities. This means that contamination is decreased and that their (4) is increased. Fermentation occurs when (5) is left to stand, occasionally with simple additives.
考题
单选题According to the passage, Shi Li and Cui Jiping ______.A
are disabled people full of loveB
wrote many famous booksC
finished the book by themselvesD
live a very poor life
考题
单选题Different foods are to be found on three shelves in a fridge. Butter is kept below the eggs while cheese is kept above the milk. The butter is also above the milk, but the eggs are on the same shelf as the yoghurt. The ice cream is above the cheese. What is on the bottom shelf?A
Butter.B
Eggs.C
Cheese.D
Milk.
考题
单选题Although it has not been confirmed such proteins in whole milk are inducing in children under 12 months milk allergies, most pediatricians advise waiting until the child is one year old before introducing whole milk into his or her diet.A
such proteins in whole milk are inducing in children under 12 months milk allergiesB
that under 12 months the proteins in whole milk can induce milk allergries in childrenC
of proteins in whole milk inducing milk allergies in children under 12 monthsD
the proteins in whole milk can induce milk allergies in children under 12 monthsE
that the proteins in whole milk can induce milk allergies in children under 12 months
热门标签
最新试卷
