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材料：
When a clean bill of lading has been issued，estoppel arises or，in other words，the carrier is prevented from proving，as against a third party relying on the clean bill of lading，that there was any thing wrong．In the case of inherent vice，however，which is a natural defect in the thing shipped，the carrier is not estopped by his clean bill of lading，because a clean bill of lading，in stating that a certain cargo is on board，gives sufficient notice that this cargo，in the natural course of events，may have certain qualities or defects which all similar cargo normally has．For example，a cargo of flour will shrink slightly，and this fact does not have to be noted on the face of the bill of lading．
Similarly，where cargo is unfit to withstand the ordinary incidents of the contractual voyage contemplated by the parties，owing to some inherent vice or hidden defect presented within it，the carrier is not estopped by the clean bill of lading from asserting the inherent defect exception，provided that the damage has not been aggravated by any conduct of the carrier or those for whom he is responsible．
The carrier issuing a clean bill of lading is only bound by his statements as to the outward condition of the cargo and is therefore not estopped from proving inherent vice or hidden defect when that vice or defect was not apparent at the time of shipment．In other words，a clean bill of lading does not necessarily fulfill the shipper&39;s burden of proof in respect to inherent vice or hidden defect．
问题：
The slight shrinkage of flour is ________．
A.an inherent defect of the cargo
B.a damage which is always aggravated by the conduct of carrier
C.a vice or defect which should be noted on face of B/L due to the fact that it is not apparent at the time of shipment
D.an outward condition of the cargo
The carrier issuing a clean bill of lading will only be bound by ________．A.any thing wrong in the natural course of events
B.the conduct of the carrier or those for whom he is responsible
C.inherent vice or hidden defect presented within the cargo
D.the apparent order and condition of the cargo
Of the following，________ in the cargo shipped on board his vessel should be considered as a thing that will give rise to estoppel on the part of the carrier．A.ordinary incident
B.hidden defect
C.inherent vice
D.inherent defect
It is concluded that on issuing a clean bill of lading，the carrier ________．A.indicates that the cargo is unfit to withstand the ordinary incidents of the contractual voyage contemplated by the parties
B.gives sufficient notice that this cargo has no defects which all similar cargo normally has
C.will be prevented from proving there is any natural defect in the thing shipped
D.will not be estopped from proving inherent vice or hidden defect when that vice or defect was not apparent at the time of shipment
请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！
参考答案
更多 “ 材料：When a clean bill of lading has been issued，estoppel arises or，in other words，the carrier is prevented from proving，as against a third party relying on the clean bill of lading，that there was any thing wrong．In the case of inherent vice，however，which is a natural defect in the thing shipped，the carrier is not estopped by his clean bill of lading，because a clean bill of lading，in stating that a certain cargo is on board，gives sufficient notice that this cargo，in the natural course of events，may have certain qualities or defects which all similar cargo normally has．For example，a cargo of flour will shrink slightly，and this fact does not have to be noted on the face of the bill of lading．Similarly，where cargo is unfit to withstand the ordinary incidents of the contractual voyage contemplated by the parties，owing to some inherent vice or hidden defect presented within it，the carrier is not estopped by the clean bill of lading from asserting the inherent defect exception，provided that the damage has not been aggravated by any conduct of the carrier or those for whom he is responsible．The carrier issuing a clean bill of lading is only bound by his statements as to the outward condition of the cargo and is therefore not estopped from proving inherent vice or hidden defect when that vice or defect was not apparent at the time of shipment．In other words，a clean bill of lading does not necessarily fulfill the shippers burden of proof in respect to inherent vice or hidden defect．问题：The slight shrinkage of flour is ________．A.an inherent defect of the cargoB.a damage which is always aggravated by the conduct of carrierC.a vice or defect which should be noted on face of B/L due to the fact that it is not apparent at the time of shipmentD.an outward condition of the cargoThe carrier issuing a clean bill of lading will only be bound by ________．A.any thing wrong in the natural course of eventsB.the conduct of the carrier or those for whom he is responsibleC.inherent vice or hidden defect presented within the cargoD.the apparent order and condition of the cargoOf the following，________ in the cargo shipped on board his vessel should be considered as a thing that will give rise to estoppel on the part of the carrier．A.ordinary incidentB.hidden defectC.inherent viceD.inherent defectIt is concluded that on issuing a clean bill of lading，the carrier ________．A.indicates that the cargo is unfit to withstand the ordinary incidents of the contractual voyage contemplated by the partiesB.gives sufficient notice that this cargo has no defects which all similar cargo normally hasC.will be prevented from proving there is any natural defect in the thing shippedD.will not be estopped from proving inherent vice or hidden defect when that vice or defect was not apparent at the time of shipment请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！ ” 相关考题
考题
听力原文：A bill may be accepted after it has been dishonored by a previous refusal to accept, or by nonpayment.(8)A．A bill can not be accepted after it has been dishonored by a previous refusal to accept.B．If a bill has been dishonored by non-payment, it may not be accepted by another person.C．If a bill has been dishonored by a previous refusal to accept, it may be accepted by another person.D．A bill can not be accepted after it has been dishonored by non-payment.
考题
According to the passage, a documentary letter of credit is one which ______.A．includes any draftsB．includes drafts accompanied by invoice, bill of lading and other documentsC．is accompanied by invoices, bill of lading and other documentsD．is accompanied by drafts as well as insurance policy and commercial invoices
考题
When there is no indication of damage to the ______ , a bill of lading is said to be ______.A．documents.., clearB．goods.., clearC．documents.., cleanD．goods.., clean
考题
A vessel loads 5000 tons of manganese ore. The railroad cars that brought the ore to the vessel were previously loaded with iron ore so the ore is contaminated. The agent requests the Master to sign a Clean Bill of Lading and in return the shipper willA.Sign a Clean Bill of Lading and accept the Letter of IndemnityB.Refuse to sign a Clean Bill of LadingC.Sign the Clean Bill of Lading and have the agent countersign itD.Sign a Clean Bill of lading under protest
考题
A shipper of cargo aboard your vessel offers a letter of indemnity for the cargo. This is done in order to obtain a(n) ______.A.Clean Bill of LadingB.Order Bill of LadingC.Straight Bill of LadingD.Through Bill of Lading
考题
A shipper who furnishes the carrier with written information concerning the cargo to be shipped has a right to insist the master or other agent of the carrier ______ a bill of lading incorporating the information so furnished．A.issuingB.writingC.givingD.making
考题
The person who signs the bill of lading without the authority of the Shipowner stating that goods have been shipped，and they have in fact not been shipped at all，______ liable to an indorsee of the bill of lading，who has relied on that statement，for damages for breach of warranty of authority．A.haveB.hasC.areD.is
考题
A vessel loads 100 tons of glass jars. The mate on watch discovers that some of the cartons have been damaged and has an exception made on the Bill of Lading. What is this document called?A.Damage Bill of LadingB.Letter of IndemnityC.Non-negotiable Bill of LadingD.Unclean Bill of Lading
考题
Where goods are shipped under a bill of lading and the Charterer of the vessel is named as consignee，the Charterer，if he indorses the bill of lading to a third party，has no claim for substantial damages against the shipowners in respect of the loss of the goods for he has no ______ interest in them．A.prospectiveB.preliminaryC.proprietoryD.temporary
考题
材料：The carrier who does not pack a container cannot determine the sufficiency of packing of individual cartons within the container．Thus the carrier is not estopped from proving the insufficiency of packing of the GOODs within the container stuffed and sealed by the shipper，even where the carrier has issued a clean bill of lading．The principle of estoppel only applies to the apparent order and condition of the exterior of the container．The carrier has no duty to inspect the cargo of the shipper-packed container，unless its packaging is apparently inadequate or the shipper has given the carrier special instructions as to the special requirements of the cargo．This view places the burden of inspection and ascertainment of special stowage needs on the party most likely to know of or best equipped to discover such needs．Both the condition of the container and the packing of the individual objects inside are important．The condition of the container supplied by a shipper may preclude recovery by cargo interests in various situations，for example，where the containers insufficient ventilation causes the GOODs to spoil．Improper packing of objects（e.g．defective“stuffing”of GOODs into a container）may also constitute a case of insufficiency of packing by the shipper．For example，antiques，furniture，porcelain and crystal had been shipped in containers．The porcelain and crystal which had been packed in cartons suffered no damage，but the furniture and antiques which had only been wrapped in paper were damaged. The carrier was not held responsible as the packing was deemed to be insufficient．问题：If the carrier has issued a clean bill of lading for the general cargo on board of his ship，he will be ________．A.precluded from recovery of any loss or damage from any interestsB.prevented from making a denial that the cargo was packed in apparently GOOD order and conditionC.entitled to make any allegation that contradicts what he has previously stated that the cargo was properly packedD.estopped from proving the sufficiency of packing of the GOODsIt is inferred that this passage prepared to protect the interests of ________．A.the shipperB.the supplier of containersC.the cargo interestsD.the carrierIt is implied in the passage that ________．A.the carrier will not be responsible for the damage to a cargo contained in a container supplied by the carrierB.the carrier will in no way be responsible for the damage to a cargo contained in a container supplied by the shipperC.the carrier will be estopped from proving the insufficiency of packing of the GOODs within the container stuffed and sealed by the shipper even he has issued a clean bill of ladingD.by the principle of estoppel，the carrier will not be held responsible even the cargoes，such as antiques，furniture，porcelain and crystal，had been shipped in one containerThe insufficient ventilation of a container supplied by a shipper that causes the GOODs to spoil may preclude recovery ________．A.by the cargo interests against the carrierB.by the carrier against the ownersC.by the shipper against cargo interestsD.by the carrier against the cargo interests请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！
考题
材料：In a bill of lading there might be a clause known as general liberty to carry on deck clause which reads“Carrier has liberty to carry GOODs on deck”．This clause frequently gives the carrier the option of stowing the cargo either on or under deck，while also exempting the carrier from all liability for loss of or damage to cargo stowed on deck．A clause of this type is an option，not a statement．The problem arises when the bill of lading contains this clause，but the face of the bill of lading does not state that the cargo was loaded on deck．Under such circumstances，it would appear that deck carriage is unjustifiable for at least two reasons：a）The general liberty to carry on deck clause is merely an option to carry on deck，a choice which the carrier ordinarily does not make．If the bill of lading does not bear a statement on its face giving notice that the cargo is actually stowed on deck，then by default the option has been exercised in favour of under deck carriage．b）The typewritten or handwritten wording on the face of a bill of lading has precedence over the bills printed clauses．And a clean bill of lading，because it implies under-deck stowage，is functionally equivalent to a typewritten or handwritten notation on the face of the document calling for carriage below deck．A clean bill of lading therefore overrides the printed liberty to carry on deck clause．A general deck carriage clause without a statement on the face of the bill of lading that cargo is carried on deck is merely an option not exercised and the deck carriage is therefore a fundamental breach of the contract and the Rules．问题：A clause which reads“Carrier has liberty to carry GOODs on deck”contained in B/L is ________．A.a statementB.a problemC.an optionD.a typewritten or handwritten wording on its faceIf there is no deck stowage statement on the face of B/L，it is implied that ________．A.all cargoes are stowed under deckB.all cargoes are stowed on deckC.cargoes are stowed either on or under deckD.it can not be decided whether cargoes are stowed on or under deckIf a handwritten wording on the face of B/L is in conflict with one of its printed clause，________．A.the handwritten wording shall prevailB.the printed clause shall prevailC.both the handwritten wording and the printed clause shall be ignoredD.the B/L shall become null and voidThe deck carriage is justifiable only when ________．A.there is a general liberty to carry on deck clause in the B/L and a statement on its face that the cargo is actually stowed on deckB.there is either a general liberty to carry on deck clause in the B/L or a statement on its face that the cargo is actually stowed on deckC.there is neither general liberty to carry on deck clause in the B/L nor a statement on its face that the cargo is actually stowed on deckD.only when the carrier is exempted from all liability for loss of or damage to cargo stowed on deck请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！
考题
翻译：Neither the consignee nor the holder of the bill of lading shall be liable for the demurragedead freight and all other expenses in respect of loading occurred at the loading port unless the bill of lading clearly states that the aforesaid demurragedead freight and all other expenses shall be borne by the consignee and the holder of the bill of lading。
考题
翻译：all bills of lading issued under this charter party shall be endorsed“the printed clauses of the bill of lading shall stand null and void of they are not in conformity with the charter party.”
考题
The bill of lading serves as a document of title enabling the goods to be transferred from the shipper to the consignee or any other party by endorsement.The（）can not be transferred to the third parties by endorsement.A、shipped B/LB、clean B/LC、straight B/LD、order B/L
考题
There are several forms of bills of lading such as straight bill of lading， shipped bill of lading， clean bill of lading and order bill of lading etc.（）confirms that the goods are actually loaded on board the vessel.A、Straight bill of ladingB、Shipped bill of ladingC、Clean bill of ladingD、Order bill of lading
考题
单选题There are several forms of bills of lading such as straight bill of lading， shipped bill of lading， clean bill of lading and order bill of lading etc.（）confirms that the goods are actually loaded on board the vessel.A
Straight bill of ladingB
Shipped bill of ladingC
Clean bill of ladingD
Order bill of lading
考题
单选题Higher compensation may be claimed only when，with the consent of the carrier，the value of the goods declared by the shipper which（）the limits laid down in this clause has been stated in this bill of lading.A
increasesB
exceedsC
decreasesD
reduces
考题
问答题翻译：Neither the consignee nor the holder of the bill of lading shall be liable for the demurragedead freight and all other expenses in respect of loading occurred at the loading port unless the bill of lading clearly states that the aforesaid demurragedead freight and all other expenses shall be borne by the consignee and the holder of the bill of lading。
考题
单选题The bill of lading is prima facie evidence（）the quantity of goods alleged to have been shipped has been shipped in fact.A
thatB
whichC
whereD
while
考题
单选题（）is responsible in any event for loss or damage to or in connection with the goods if their nature or value has been knowingly mis-stated by the shipper in the Bill of Lading.A
The carrierB
The ShipownerC
The carrier or the ShipownerD
Neither the carrier nor the Shipowner
考题
单选题It has never been settled whether delivery of a bill of lading which is marked non-negotiable （）title.A
translatesB
transfersC
transportsD
transacts
考题
问答题翻译：all bills of lading issued under this charter party shall be endorsed“the printed clauses of the bill of lading shall stand null and void of they are not in conformity with the charter party.”
考题
单选题The person who signs the bill of lading without the authority of the Shipowner stating that goods have been shipped，and they have in fact not been shipped at all，（）liable to an indorsee of the bill of lading，who has relied on that statement，for damages for breach of warranty of authority.A
haveB
hasC
areD
is
考题
单选题A vessel loads 100 tons of glass jars. The mate on watch discovers that some of the cartons have been damaged and has an exception made on the Bill of Lading. What is this document called?（）A
Damage Bill of LadingB
Letter of IndemnityC
Non-negotiable Bill of LadingD
Unclean Bill of Lading
考题
单选题The marine bill of lading normally issued by （）.A
theshipownerB
thecarrierC
theshipperD
theconsigner
考题
单选题The marine bill of lading normally issued by （）.A
the shipownerB
the carrierC
the shipperD
the consigner
考题
单选题A vessel loads 5000 tons of manganese ore. The railroad cars that brought the ore to the vessel were previously loaded with iron ore so the ore is contaminated. The agent requests the Master to sign a Clean Bill of Lading and in return the shipper will give him a Letter of Indemnity. What is the best procedure to follow? （）A
Sign a Clean Bill of Lading and accept the Letter of IndemnityB
Refuse to sign a Clean Bill of LadingC
Sign the Clean Bill of Lading and have the agent countersign itD
Sign a Clean Bill of lading under protest
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