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Instincts are the natural resources of human behavior,the raw materials of action,feeling,and thought.They are the primary motives and the indispensable instruments of action.But like other natural resources,men's original tendencies must be controlled and redirected,if they are to be frurtfully utilized in the interests of human welfare.There are a number of conditions that make imperative the control of native tendencies.The first of these is intrinsic to the organization of instincts themselves:impulses are stimulated at random and collide with one another.Often one impulse,be it that of curiosity or aggression,can be indulged only at the expense or frustration of many others just as natural,normal,and inevitable.A life is a long-time enterprise and it contains a diversity of desires.If all of these are to receive any measure of fulfillment there must be compromise and adjustment between them;they must all be subjected to some measure of control.A second cause for the control of instinct lies in the fact that people live and have to live together.The close association which is so characteristic of human life is partly attributable to a specific gregarious instinct,partly to the increasing need for cooperation which marks the increasing complexity of civilization.But whatever be its causes,group association makes it necessary that men regulate their impulses and actions with reference to one another.Endowed as human beings are with more or less identical sets of original native desires,the desires of one cannot be freely fulfilled without frequently coming into conflict with the similar desires of others.Still another imperative reason for the control of our instinctive equipment lies in the fact that instincts as such are inadequate to adjust either the individual or the group to contemporary conditions.They were developed in the process of evolution as useful methods for enabling the human animal to cope with a radically different and incomparably simpler environment.While the problems and processes of his life and environment have grown more complex,man's inborn equipment for controlling the world he lives in has,through the long history of civilization,remained practically unchanged.And,finally,so vastly complicated have become the physical and the social machinery of civilized life that it is literally impossible to depend on instincts to adjust us to an environment far different from that to which they were in the process of evolution adapted.In the light of these conditions men have found that if they are to live happily and fruitfully together,certain original tendencies must be stimulated and developed,others weakened,redirected,and modified,and still others,within limits possibly,altogether repressed.
参考答案
参考解析
解析：限制人类本能的另一个关键原因在于，本能就其本身而言并不足以使个人或群体适应当前的环境。本能是在进化过程中形成的，是使人类这种动物能应对（与当前的环境相比）截然不同、无比简单的环境的有效方式。
更多 “Instincts are the natural resources of human behavior,the raw materials of action,feeling,and thought.They are the primary motives and the indispensable instruments of action.But like other natural resources,men's original tendencies must be controlled and redirected,if they are to be frurtfully utilized in the interests of human welfare.There are a number of conditions that make imperative the control of native tendencies.The first of these is intrinsic to the organization of instincts themselves:impulses are stimulated at random and collide with one another.Often one impulse,be it that of curiosity or aggression,can be indulged only at the expense or frustration of many others just as natural,normal,and inevitable.A life is a long-time enterprise and it contains a diversity of desires.If all of these are to receive any measure of fulfillment there must be compromise and adjustment between them;they must all be subjected to some measure of control.A second cause for the control of instinct lies in the fact that people live and have to live together.The close association which is so characteristic of human life is partly attributable to a specific gregarious instinct,partly to the increasing need for cooperation which marks the increasing complexity of civilization.But whatever be its causes,group association makes it necessary that men regulate their impulses and actions with reference to one another.Endowed as human beings are with more or less identical sets of original native desires,the desires of one cannot be freely fulfilled without frequently coming into conflict with the similar desires of others.Still another imperative reason for the control of our instinctive equipment lies in the fact that instincts as such are inadequate to adjust either the individual or the group to contemporary conditions.They were developed in the process of evolution as useful methods for enabling the human animal to cope with a radically different and incomparably simpler environment.While the problems and processes of his life and environment have grown more complex,man's inborn equipment for controlling the world he lives in has,through the long history of civilization,remained practically unchanged.And,finally,so vastly complicated have become the physical and the social machinery of civilized life that it is literally impossible to depend on instincts to adjust us to an environment far different from that to which they were in the process of evolution adapted.In the light of these conditions men have found that if they are to live happily and fruitfully together,certain original tendencies must be stimulated and developed,others weakened,redirected,and modified,and still others,within limits possibly,altogether repressed.” 相关考题
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Natural Gas1 Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surface. It is a fossil fuel（矿物燃 料）,meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of years ago.The main corn- ponent of natural gas is methane（甲烷）.2 The popularity and use of clean natural gas have increased dramatically over the past 50 years as pipeline infrastructure（基础设施）has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential,commercial and industrial customers worldwide.Today,natural gas service is available in all 50 states in the U.S.,and is the leading energy choice for fueling American homes and industries.More than 65 million American homes use natural gas.In fact,natural gas is the most economical source for home energyneeds,costing one-third as much as electricity. In addition to heating homes,much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manufacture a wide variety of products,from paint,to fibers for clothing,to plastics for healthcare,computing and furnishings.Natural gas is also used in a significant number of newelectricity-generating power plants.3 Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available. It emits（发出）less pollution than other fossil fuels sources. When natural gas is burned,it produces mostly carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）and water va- por一the same substances emitted when humans breathe.Compared with some other fossil fuels,natural gas emits the least amount of carbon dioxide into the air when combusted（燃烧）一making natural gas the clea-- nest burning fossil fuel of all.4 The United States consumes about one-third of the world's natural gas output,making it the largest gas-consuming region in the world.The U.S.Department of Energy Information Administration forecasts thatnatural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025.5 There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earth's surface.The largest reserves of natural gas can be found in Russia , West and North Africa and the Middle East. LNG（液化天然气）has been pro- duced domestically and imported in the United States for more than four decades.Today,the leading import-ers of LNG are Japan,Korea,France and Spain.Paragraph 4 ______________A:Popularity and Use of Natural GasB:Natural Gas Reserves and SupplyC:Natural Gas PricesD:Clean Fuel of ChoiceE:Disadvantages of Natural Gas F:Natural Gas Consumption
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New Understanding of Natural Silk's MysteriesNatural silk,as we all know,has a strength that man-made materials have long struggled to match.In a discovery that sounds more like an ancient Chinese proverb than a materials science breakthrough,MIT re- searchers have discovered that silk gets its strength from its weakness.Or,more specifically,its many weak- nesses. Silk gets its extraordinary durability and ductility（柔韧性）from an unusual arrangement of hydrogen bonds that are intrinsically very weak but that work together to create a strong,flexible structure.Most materials一especially the ones we engineer for strength一get their toughness from brittleness.As such,natural silks like those produced by spiders have long fascinated both biologists and engineers because of their light weight,ductility and high strength(pound for pound,silk is stronger than steel and far less brittle). But on its face,it doesn't seem that silks should be as strong as they are;molecularly,they are held together by hydrogen bonds , which are far weaker than the covalent（共价的）bonds found in other molecules.To get a better understanding of how silk manages to produce such strength through such weak bonds, the MIT team created a set of computer models that allowed them to observe the way silk behaves at the atomic level. They found that the arrangement of the tiny silk nanocrystals（纳米晶体）is such that the hydro- gen bonds are able to work cooperatively,reinforcing one another against external forces and failing slowlywhen they do fail,so as not to allow a sudden fracture to spread across a silk structure.The result is natural silks that can stretch and bend while retaining a high degree of strength.But while that's all well and good for spiders,bees and the like,this understanding of silk geometry could lead to new materials that are stronger and more ductile than those we can currently manufacture.Our best and strongest materials are generally expensive and difficult to produce(requiring high temperature treatments or energy-intensive processes).By looking to silk as a model,researchers could potentially devise new manufacturing methods that rely on inexpensive materials and weak bonds to create less rigid,more forgiving materials that are nonetheless stronger than anything currently on offer. And if you thought you were going to get out of this materials science story without hearing about carbon nanotubes（纳米碳管）, think again. The MIT team is already in the lab looking into ways of synthesizing silk-like structures out of materials that are stronger than natural silk-like carbon nanotubes. Super-silks are on the horizon.It is indicated that materials stronger than natural silk can be expected in the future.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned
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共用题干
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Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of （）AenergyBsourceCpowerDmaterial
考题
单选题Which of the following is true about habits according to the passage?A
They are natural endowments to living creatures.B
They are more important than instincts to all animals.C
They are subject to the formative influence of the environment.D
They are destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility in the evolution of human beings.
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单选题It is predicted that people who will live on other planets would have to ______.A
appreciate the harsh conditions they encounter there.B
depend on the natural resources available there.C
take most daily necessities along with them.D
engage in scientific research.
考题
单选题As the population increases and human needs expand, we must take care not to _____ all of our natural resources at once.A
eraseB
minimizeC
maximizeD
exhaust
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单选题The primary hazard of liquefied petroleum gas and liquefied natural gas is（）.A
pressureB
toxicityC
temperatureD
flammability
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单选题China is rich in natural resources, but they are not evenly_______.A
dismissedB
contributedC
disturbedD
distributed
考题
单选题It can be inferred from the first paragraph that mankind _____.A
has just begun to exploit the natural resources of the earthB
believes that natural resources can be used in stagesC
has discovered that there are unlimited sources of raw materialsD
believes that the entire earth can be used as raw materials
考题
单选题Those who regard natural resources as stacks of raw materials piled up in a storehouse believe that _____.A
the earth’s natural resources will one day be exhaustedB
the earth’s natural resources will not run out since there are numerous storehousesC
the stacks of raw materials can always be renewedD
the stacks of raw materials should be used in a logical way
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