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Text 2 Internet service providers have realized that they are sitting on a treasure chest of data about your online activities that they could be selling to advertisers.Recognizing the privacy threat,the Federal Communications Commission adopted rules that would have stopped them from doing so without your consent,but Congress recently shot down the regulation.This is a big deal.Privacy doesn't merely benefit individuals;it fundamentally shapes how society functions.It is crucial for marginalized communities and for social movements.Privacy enables these groups to network,organize,and develop their ideas before challenging the status quo.But when people know they're being tracked and monitored,they change their behavior.This chilling effect hurts our intellectual freedoms and our capacity for social progress.The data that tracks our behavior feeds into machine-learning algorithms that make judgments about us.When used for advertising,they can reproduce our own prejudiced behavior.Marketers can use machine learning to figure out your unique features-do you resDond better to words or to pictures?Do you make impulsive shopping decisions?-to target you with exactly the advertisement that will best persuade you.When consequential decisions about employment or loans are made using this kind of data,the result can feel absurd and incomprehensible,because these systems aren't programmed to explain their decisions.There aren't yet effective ways for humans to hold algorithms accountable for how they categorize us.The good news is how effective technology can be in preventing tracking.We found that ad blockers and other browser-privacy tools can decrease tracking by 80 percent or more.More complex tools can be even more effective.In other worcls,the more technically savvy among us can enjoy dramatically better privacy and digital freedoms.But this has resulted in a technological"arms race,"which is worrying by itself,but also because such technical skill correlates with historically advantaged groups.Meanwhile,publishers are caught in the ad-blocking crossfire,endangering the free press.One bright spot is that online privacy research has had a tremendous effect.It has helped regulators curb the worst of the offenses,forced companies to roll back invasions because of public-relations pressure,spurred the development of privacy tools,and developed a healthy public debate about online tracking.The fight for privacy is now closely linked to the fight for digital civil liberties and democratic values,and it is a movement that includes activists,artists,journalists,researchers,and everyday users of technology.There's tremendous power in your hands to take charge of your own privacy as well as foster these societal values.
It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that data-driven algorithms could____
It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that data-driven algorithms could____
A.overcome personal prejudices
B.produce unconvincing advertisements
C.form unreliable hiring decisions
D.categorize humans reasonably
B.produce unconvincing advertisements
C.form unreliable hiring decisions
D.categorize humans reasonably
参考答案
参考解析
解析：[信息锁定]第三段首先指出个人数据可被用于机器学习算法，评判人类。随即明确影响：用于做广告时，会复制我们自身偏见行为；用于营销时，可实现精准投放，更有效劝诱消费者；用于雇佣和贷款决策时，往往生成荒谬难懂的结果。可见C.符合文意。[解题技巧]A.与第三段②句“个人数据驱动的算法会复制（reproduce）我们自身的偏见行为”矛盾。B.与第三段③句“算法有助于营销人员发现你的特点、向你精准投放最能说服你的广告”相悖。D.对第三段⑤句effective ways.…accountable.…categorize us断章取义：将其原本含义“基于数据的算法无法对‘如何对人类分类’负责（即：其分类并不可靠）”理解为与之相反的“可将人们合理分类”。
更多 “Text 2 Internet service providers have realized that they are sitting on a treasure chest of data about your online activities that they could be selling to advertisers.Recognizing the privacy threat,the Federal Communications Commission adopted rules that would have stopped them from doing so without your consent,but Congress recently shot down the regulation.This is a big deal.Privacy doesn't merely benefit individuals;it fundamentally shapes how society functions.It is crucial for marginalized communities and for social movements.Privacy enables these groups to network,organize,and develop their ideas before challenging the status quo.But when people know they're being tracked and monitored,they change their behavior.This chilling effect hurts our intellectual freedoms and our capacity for social progress.The data that tracks our behavior feeds into machine-learning algorithms that make judgments about us.When used for advertising,they can reproduce our own prejudiced behavior.Marketers can use machine learning to figure out your unique features-do you resDond better to words or to pictures?Do you make impulsive shopping decisions?-to target you with exactly the advertisement that will best persuade you.When consequential decisions about employment or loans are made using this kind of data,the result can feel absurd and incomprehensible,because these systems aren't programmed to explain their decisions.There aren't yet effective ways for humans to hold algorithms accountable for how they categorize us.The good news is how effective technology can be in preventing tracking.We found that ad blockers and other browser-privacy tools can decrease tracking by 80 percent or more.More complex tools can be even more effective.In other worcls,the more technically savvy among us can enjoy dramatically better privacy and digital freedoms.But this has resulted in a technological"arms race,"which is worrying by itself,but also because such technical skill correlates with historically advantaged groups.Meanwhile,publishers are caught in the ad-blocking crossfire,endangering the free press.One bright spot is that online privacy research has had a tremendous effect.It has helped regulators curb the worst of the offenses,forced companies to roll back invasions because of public-relations pressure,spurred the development of privacy tools,and developed a healthy public debate about online tracking.The fight for privacy is now closely linked to the fight for digital civil liberties and democratic values,and it is a movement that includes activists,artists,journalists,researchers,and everyday users of technology.There's tremendous power in your hands to take charge of your own privacy as well as foster these societal values. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that data-driven algorithms could____A.overcome personal prejudices B.produce unconvincing advertisements C.form unreliable hiring decisions D.categorize humans reasonably” 相关考题
考题
Online banking refers to banking activities that are carried out over the Internet on a secure website. It developed in the late 1990s and grew more popular over the years since it can make one’s financial life much easier to manage. First, you can use online banking to pay your bills. Most banks have a section in which you set up payees. Fill out the information once, you can simply choose that profile every time you pay a bill online. Second, online banking allows you to access your account history and transactions from anywhere. It is the quickest way to check and see if a transaction has cleared your account. It also enables you to find out about unauthorized transactions more quickly. Third, online banking also allows you to transfer money between accounts effectively. It is more convenient than using the automated phone service. When you set up your online banking, be sure that all of your accounts at the bank are listed. This will make it easier to transfer money and make loan payments online. ? Obviously, you need to pay special attention to your safety or privacy using online banking. It is important to clear your cookies after each banking session, especially at a public computer. Additionally, make sure that your password is long enough to prevent it from easily being hacked. Never give your online account information to anyone else. Check your credit report regularly. Thus you can protect yourself from identity theft.1. Online banking refers to banking systems where you can carry out your business over the Internet on any website.()2. Most banks have a section in which you set up your own business.()3. Online banking is the quickest way to check and see if a transaction is done.()4. It is more useful and easier than using the automated phone service.()5. No doubt, you have to keep a special eye on your safety or privacy using online banking.()
考题
Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the text?[A] The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.[B] A new mode of publication is emerging.[C] Authors welcome the new channel for publication.[D] Publication is rendered easier by online service.
考题
Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?A．The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.B．A new mode of publication is emerging.C．Authors welcome the new channel for publication.D．Publication is rendered easier by online service.
考题
阅读理解 判断给出的语句是否正确，正确的在括号内写(T)不符的在括号内写(F)It is amazing to note that the Internet is still such a new device, and yet it is one of the fastest and most powerful media tools. But think about it for a moment. On the Internet, a big online company can be run by only two guys in their garage. So it is only reasonable then, that people shopping online would be a little leery of the security levels.Internet giants such as Microsoft knew consumer confidence was the key to getting virtual (虚拟的) shopping off the ground, and they work hard to make people feel safe to shop online.Credit card companies, too, quickly saw the potential For online shopping, and have installed things like online shopping insurance for people. If you ever have a problem with your online credit purchases, many credit card companies will happily refund (退还) your money and then set their claws on the company that wronged you。 Now that’s buying power!There are other bonuses for online shoppers, of course. No line-ups,for one. No annoying mall shopping carts with broken wheels and kids crying because their parents won’t get them what they want.When shopping on1ine, consumers can sit down, have a coffee, and wear their slippers, not having to worry about their hair or parking, and just clicking through sale after sale.Comparison shopping couldn’t be any easier. And thanks to courier companies (快递公司) getting in on the act you never need to wait longer than a day or two to get those all important purchases delivered right to your door.No wonder so many companies are shaking their heads at traditional retailing and instead looking to the “virtual” world to attract online shoppers.( ) 26、 The underlined word “leery” in the first paragraph means being very sure.( ) 27、 Consumer confidence in online shopping mainly relies on security in shopping.( ) 28、 Internet giants, traditional retailers, courier companies and credit card companies have made contributions to the popularity of online shopping.( ) 29、 The author think of the current online shopping as safe, convenient and fast.( ) 30、 Nowadays many companies are trying to cooperate with the online shoppers instead of traditional retailers.
考题
Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day, Write an email to the customer service center to1) Make a complaint and2) Demand a prompt solutionYou should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, Use "zhang wei "instead.
考题
What is true about Imex System Inc.?A.Many of its customers have a high speed connection
B.It was the first Internet service provider in Lofton City
C.The prices of many of its items were recently reduced
D.It offers cheaper Internet Service than Interspeed
考题
根据以下内容，回答217-221题。
Interspeed Moves In
Lofton City residents will soon have yet another option when it comes to Internet service. The Sacramento-based finn Interspeed is planning to extend its service area to include commercial and residential districts in Lofton City starting next month.
Competition in the telecommunications industry is fierce, with two major national providers already established in Lofton City and surrounding areas. However, Interspeed is confident of suc-cess, according to Art Wang, a company spokesperson.
"Interspeed is going to offer consumers in Lofton City something new: top-of-the-line Internet
service at affordable prices," stated Wang.
While he decided to quote specific rates, it is assumed that Interspeed's basic service plan will cost consumers $18.95 a month, the same as the company charges in its other service areas.
This would undercut the price of the current cheapest plan available in Lofton City, offered by WireTech, and would be well below the $27.49 charged by Imex Systems, Inc., for its most popular plan.
May 18
Editorial Department
Lofton City Herald
1154 Burton Rd.
Lofton City, CA
Dear Sir or Madame,
I am writing in response to your article of May 16 entitled "Interspeed Moves In". I was very disappointed to see incorrect information presented about my company. Imex Systems, Inc.
In your analysis of interspeed, you compared the price of its cheapest and most basic service plan to that of our most popular plan. However, because our best-selling service happens to be a high-speed option, the comparison was flawed and gave the false impression that Imex is a much more expensive provider than interspeed. If you had researched our prices, you would have seen that our basic plan costs $19.99 a month, which is nearly the same as the Interspeed plan you cited.
Needless to say, we here at Imex are concerned about the effects this misinformation could have on our business. We expect your paper to take responsibility for the error and print a correc- tion and apology as soon as possible. I would ask that you please contact me at 1-511-555-8011, so I may provide you with accurate information about the pricing of our services.
Thank you,
Candice Rigalotta
Public Relations Department
Imex System, Inc.
What is the article mainly about?A.A breakthrough in Internet technology
B.Three business in Lofton City
C.A company's planned expansion
D.Trends in telecommunications
考题
Text 2 America rarely looks to Brussels for guidance.Commercial freedom appeals more than governmental control.But when it comes to data privacy,the case for copying the best bits of the European Union's approach is compelling.The General Data Protection Regulation（GDPR）is due to come into force next month.It is rules-heavy and has its flaws,but its premise that consumers should be in charge of their personal data is the right one.The law lets users gain access to,and to correct,information that firms hold on them.It gives consumers the right to transfer their data to another organisation.It requires companies to define how they keep data secure.And it lets regulators levy big fines if firms break the rules.America has enacted privacy rules in areas such as health care.But it has never passed an overarching data-protection law.The failings of America's self-regulatory approach are becoming clearer by the week.Large parts of the online economy are fuelled by data that consumers spray around without thought.Companies'mysterious privacy policies obscure what they do with their users'information,which often amounts to pretty much anything they please.Facebook is embroiled in crisis after news that data on 87m users had been passed to a political-campaign firm.These are changing the calculus about the benefits of self-regulation.Opponents of privacy legislation have long argued that the imposition of rules would keep technology companies from innovating.Yet as trust leaks out of the system,innovation is likely to suffer.If consumers worry about what smartphone apps may do with their data,fewer new offerings will take off.It is striking that many of the firms preparing for the GDPR's arrival in Europe are excited that the law has forced them to put their data house in order.The need to minimise legal fragmentation only adds to the case for America to adopt bits of the GDPR.One reason behind the new rules in the EU was to harmonise data-protection laws so that firms can do business across Europe more easily.America is moving in the opposite direction.States that have detected a need for greater privacy are drafting their own laws.California has pending legislation that would establish a data-protection authority to regulate how the state's big tech firms use Californians'personal data.The GDPR is far from perfect.At nearly 100 articles long,it is too complex and tries to achieve too many things.The compliance costs for smaller firms,in particular,look burdensome.But these are arguments for using it as a template,not for ignoring the issue of data protection.If America continues on today's path,it will fail to protect the privacy of its citizens and long-term health of its firms.America's data economy has thrived so far with hardly any rules.That era is over.
Facebook is mentioned to show that_____.A.America needs a general data-protection law
B.online economy relies heavily on consumer data
C.online news can produce strong economic impact
D.America has benefited greatly from self-regulation
考题
Text 2 America rarely looks to Brussels for guidance.Commercial freedom appeals more than governmental control.But when it comes to data privacy,the case for copying the best bits of the European Union's approach is compelling.The General Data Protection Regulation（GDPR）is due to come into force next month.It is rules-heavy and has its flaws,but its premise that consumers should be in charge of their personal data is the right one.The law lets users gain access to,and to correct,information that firms hold on them.It gives consumers the right to transfer their data to another organisation.It requires companies to define how they keep data secure.And it lets regulators levy big fines if firms break the rules.America has enacted privacy rules in areas such as health care.But it has never passed an overarching data-protection law.The failings of America's self-regulatory approach are becoming clearer by the week.Large parts of the online economy are fuelled by data that consumers spray around without thought.Companies'mysterious privacy policies obscure what they do with their users'information,which often amounts to pretty much anything they please.Facebook is embroiled in crisis after news that data on 87m users had been passed to a political-campaign firm.These are changing the calculus about the benefits of self-regulation.Opponents of privacy legislation have long argued that the imposition of rules would keep technology companies from innovating.Yet as trust leaks out of the system,innovation is likely to suffer.If consumers worry about what smartphone apps may do with their data,fewer new offerings will take off.It is striking that many of the firms preparing for the GDPR's arrival in Europe are excited that the law has forced them to put their data house in order.The need to minimise legal fragmentation only adds to the case for America to adopt bits of the GDPR.One reason behind the new rules in the EU was to harmonise data-protection laws so that firms can do business across Europe more easily.America is moving in the opposite direction.States that have detected a need for greater privacy are drafting their own laws.California has pending legislation that would establish a data-protection authority to regulate how the state's big tech firms use Californians'personal data.The GDPR is far from perfect.At nearly 100 articles long,it is too complex and tries to achieve too many things.The compliance costs for smaller firms,in particular,look burdensome.But these are arguments for using it as a template,not for ignoring the issue of data protection.If America continues on today's path,it will fail to protect the privacy of its citizens and long-term health of its firms.America's data economy has thrived so far with hardly any rules.That era is over.
The most suitable title for this text would be____A.American firms in Europe will have to comply with the GDPR
B.America should protect its citizens'privacy and its firms'health
C.America should borrow from Europe's data-privacy law
D.America's data economy is evolving into a new era
考题
Text 2 Internet service providers have realized that they are sitting on a treasure chest of data about your online activities that they could be selling to advertisers.Recognizing the privacy threat,the Federal Communications Commission adopted rules that would have stopped them from doing so without your consent,but Congress recently shot down the regulation.This is a big deal.Privacy doesn't merely benefit individuals;it fundamentally shapes how society functions.It is crucial for marginalized communities and for social movements.Privacy enables these groups to network,organize,and develop their ideas before challenging the status quo.But when people know they're being tracked and monitored,they change their behavior.This chilling effect hurts our intellectual freedoms and our capacity for social progress.The data that tracks our behavior feeds into machine-learning algorithms that make judgments about us.When used for advertising,they can reproduce our own prejudiced behavior.Marketers can use machine learning to figure out your unique features-do you resDond better to words or to pictures?Do you make impulsive shopping decisions?-to target you with exactly the advertisement that will best persuade you.When consequential decisions about employment or loans are made using this kind of data,the result can feel absurd and incomprehensible,because these systems aren't programmed to explain their decisions.There aren't yet effective ways for humans to hold algorithms accountable for how they categorize us.The good news is how effective technology can be in preventing tracking.We found that ad blockers and other browser-privacy tools can decrease tracking by 80 percent or more.More complex tools can be even more effective.In other worcls,the more technically savvy among us can enjoy dramatically better privacy and digital freedoms.But this has resulted in a technological"arms race,"which is worrying by itself,but also because such technical skill correlates with historically advantaged groups.Meanwhile,publishers are caught in the ad-blocking crossfire,endangering the free press.One bright spot is that online privacy research has had a tremendous effect.It has helped regulators curb the worst of the offenses,forced companies to roll back invasions because of public-relations pressure,spurred the development of privacy tools,and developed a healthy public debate about online tracking.The fight for privacy is now closely linked to the fight for digital civil liberties and democratic values,and it is a movement that includes activists,artists,journalists,researchers,and everyday users of technology.There's tremendous power in your hands to take charge of your own privacy as well as foster these societal values.
According to Paragraph l,Congress intends to____.A.protect citizens'personal data
B.monitor advertisers'online activities
C.allow ISPs to sell users'data
D.approve the FCC's privacy rules
考题
Text 2 Internet service providers have realized that they are sitting on a treasure chest of data about your online activities that they could be selling to advertisers.Recognizing the privacy threat,the Federal Communications Commission adopted rules that would have stopped them from doing so without your consent,but Congress recently shot down the regulation.This is a big deal.Privacy doesn't merely benefit individuals;it fundamentally shapes how society functions.It is crucial for marginalized communities and for social movements.Privacy enables these groups to network,organize,and develop their ideas before challenging the status quo.But when people know they're being tracked and monitored,they change their behavior.This chilling effect hurts our intellectual freedoms and our capacity for social progress.The data that tracks our behavior feeds into machine-learning algorithms that make judgments about us.When used for advertising,they can reproduce our own prejudiced behavior.Marketers can use machine learning to figure out your unique features-do you resDond better to words or to pictures?Do you make impulsive shopping decisions?-to target you with exactly the advertisement that will best persuade you.When consequential decisions about employment or loans are made using this kind of data,the result can feel absurd and incomprehensible,because these systems aren't programmed to explain their decisions.There aren't yet effective ways for humans to hold algorithms accountable for how they categorize us.The good news is how effective technology can be in preventing tracking.We found that ad blockers and other browser-privacy tools can decrease tracking by 80 percent or more.More complex tools can be even more effective.In other worcls,the more technically savvy among us can enjoy dramatically better privacy and digital freedoms.But this has resulted in a technological"arms race,"which is worrying by itself,but also because such technical skill correlates with historically advantaged groups.Meanwhile,publishers are caught in the ad-blocking crossfire,endangering the free press.One bright spot is that online privacy research has had a tremendous effect.It has helped regulators curb the worst of the offenses,forced companies to roll back invasions because of public-relations pressure,spurred the development of privacy tools,and developed a healthy public debate about online tracking.The fight for privacy is now closely linked to the fight for digital civil liberties and democratic values,and it is a movement that includes activists,artists,journalists,researchers,and everyday users of technology.There's tremendous power in your hands to take charge of your own privacy as well as foster these societal values.
Which of the following statements about privacy is true?A.It affects individual activities more than social operations.
B.It benefiis marginalized groups but hurts the mainstream.
C.It conflicts with the pursuit of intellectual freedoms.
D.It contributes to the advancement of society.
考题
Text 2 Internet service providers have realized that they are sitting on a treasure chest of data about your online activities that they could be selling to advertisers.Recognizing the privacy threat,the Federal Communications Commission adopted rules that would have stopped them from doing so without your consent,but Congress recently shot down the regulation.This is a big deal.Privacy doesn't merely benefit individuals;it fundamentally shapes how society functions.It is crucial for marginalized communities and for social movements.Privacy enables these groups to network,organize,and develop their ideas before challenging the status quo.But when people know they're being tracked and monitored,they change their behavior.This chilling effect hurts our intellectual freedoms and our capacity for social progress.The data that tracks our behavior feeds into machine-learning algorithms that make judgments about us.When used for advertising,they can reproduce our own prejudiced behavior.Marketers can use machine learning to figure out your unique features-do you resDond better to words or to pictures?Do you make impulsive shopping decisions?-to target you with exactly the advertisement that will best persuade you.When consequential decisions about employment or loans are made using this kind of data,the result can feel absurd and incomprehensible,because these systems aren't programmed to explain their decisions.There aren't yet effective ways for humans to hold algorithms accountable for how they categorize us.The good news is how effective technology can be in preventing tracking.We found that ad blockers and other browser-privacy tools can decrease tracking by 80 percent or more.More complex tools can be even more effective.In other worcls,the more technically savvy among us can enjoy dramatically better privacy and digital freedoms.But this has resulted in a technological"arms race,"which is worrying by itself,but also because such technical skill correlates with historically advantaged groups.Meanwhile,publishers are caught in the ad-blocking crossfire,endangering the free press.One bright spot is that online privacy research has had a tremendous effect.It has helped regulators curb the worst of the offenses,forced companies to roll back invasions because of public-relations pressure,spurred the development of privacy tools,and developed a healthy public debate about online tracking.The fight for privacy is now closely linked to the fight for digital civil liberties and democratic values,and it is a movement that includes activists,artists,journalists,researchers,and everyday users of technology.There's tremendous power in your hands to take charge of your own privacy as well as foster these societal values.
Online privacy research has had a tremendous effect by____.A.providing evidence to regulators
B.fining companies for invasions
C.designing privacy tools
D.raising public awareness
考题
Text 2 Internet service providers have realized that they are sitting on a treasure chest of data about your online activities that they could be selling to advertisers.Recognizing the privacy threat,the Federal Communications Commission adopted rules that would have stopped them from doing so without your consent,but Congress recently shot down the regulation.This is a big deal.Privacy doesn't merely benefit individuals;it fundamentally shapes how society functions.It is crucial for marginalized communities and for social movements.Privacy enables these groups to network,organize,and develop their ideas before challenging the status quo.But when people know they're being tracked and monitored,they change their behavior.This chilling effect hurts our intellectual freedoms and our capacity for social progress.The data that tracks our behavior feeds into machine-learning algorithms that make judgments about us.When used for advertising,they can reproduce our own prejudiced behavior.Marketers can use machine learning to figure out your unique features-do you resDond better to words or to pictures?Do you make impulsive shopping decisions?-to target you with exactly the advertisement that will best persuade you.When consequential decisions about employment or loans are made using this kind of data,the result can feel absurd and incomprehensible,because these systems aren't programmed to explain their decisions.There aren't yet effective ways for humans to hold algorithms accountable for how they categorize us.The good news is how effective technology can be in preventing tracking.We found that ad blockers and other browser-privacy tools can decrease tracking by 80 percent or more.More complex tools can be even more effective.In other worcls,the more technically savvy among us can enjoy dramatically better privacy and digital freedoms.But this has resulted in a technological"arms race,"which is worrying by itself,but also because such technical skill correlates with historically advantaged groups.Meanwhile,publishers are caught in the ad-blocking crossfire,endangering the free press.One bright spot is that online privacy research has had a tremendous effect.It has helped regulators curb the worst of the offenses,forced companies to roll back invasions because of public-relations pressure,spurred the development of privacy tools,and developed a healthy public debate about online tracking.The fight for privacy is now closely linked to the fight for digital civil liberties and democratic values,and it is a movement that includes activists,artists,journalists,researchers,and everyday users of technology.There's tremendous power in your hands to take charge of your own privacy as well as foster these societal values.
The author views preventing Web tracking with technology as____.A.radical and dangerous
B.complex and impractical
C.simple but effective
D.helpful but risky
考题
资料：The data a bank has stored on its servers is more valuable than the gold in its vaults. Banks enjoy a monopoly over data that has helped them get away with poor services and fend off competitors. In Europe, at least, that is all about to change with a new set of regulations, named PSD2.
The rules will compel banks to share data easily with licensed third parties. Bankers in Europe complain that their profits and customer relationships are under threat. However, opening up banks, and the data they store, is good for consumers and competition, New providers will be better placed to offer all sorts of innovative services, such as a one-click option to put unspent monthly income into a pension plan.
Nevertheless, some concerns about PSD2 are legitimate. In particular, it is reasonable to wonder about the privacy and security implications of sensitive financial date being shared with third parties. But banks themselves are hardly invulnerable to cyber attacks （网络攻击）.And the solutions that the European regulators propose to deal with these worries look promising. Third parties that want to use bank data will need to convince national regulators that their data defenses are solid and are subject to annual regulatory inspections.
The gap between writing rules and implementing them is always large. First, consent from customers to provide access to their bank data must be gained explicitly, and the purposes of the data use should be clearly explained. Second, regulators must be very tough both in ensuring that banks open up their infrastructure and in withdrawing the licenses of third parties that break the rules. Third, regulators must also be flexible enough to allow for changes as the market evolves. Since the new entrants will not be licensed to engage in riskier financial activities——such as lending money——it makes sense to regulate them with a lighter touch. But if some Fintech providers do end up becoming systemically important, higher standards of oversight might be necessary.
What is the passage mainly about？A.Challenges facing European regulators.
B.A new regulation in Europe that opens banks to competition.
C.The solutions to the flawed banking system in Europe.
D.A looming threat to customers' private bank data.
考题
资料：The data a bank has stored on its servers is more valuable than the gold in its vaults. Banks enjoy a monopoly over data that has helped them get away with poor services and fend off competitors. In Europe, at least, that is all about to change with a new set of regulations, named PSD2.
The rules will compel banks to share data easily with licensed third parties. Bankers in Europe complain that their profits and customer relationships are under threat. However, opening up banks, and the data they store, is good for consumers and competition, New providers will be better placed to offer all sorts of innovative services, such as a one-click option to put unspent monthly income into a pension plan.
Nevertheless, some concerns about PSD2 are legitimate. In particular, it is reasonable to wonder about the privacy and security implications of sensitive financial date being shared with third parties. But banks themselves are hardly invulnerable to cyber attacks （网络攻击）.And the solutions that the European regulators propose to deal with these worries look promising. Third parties that want to use bank data will need to convince national regulators that their data defenses are solid and are subject to annual regulatory inspections.
The gap between writing rules and implementing them is always large. First, consent from customers to provide access to their bank data must be gained explicitly, and the purposes of the data use should be clearly explained. Second, regulators must be very tough both in ensuring that banks open up their infrastructure and in withdrawing the licenses of third parties that break the rules. Third, regulators must also be flexible enough to allow for changes as the market evolves. Since the new entrants will not be licensed to engage in riskier financial activities——such as lending money——it makes sense to regulate them with a lighter touch. But if some Fintech providers do end up becoming systemically important, higher standards of oversight might be necessary.
Which of the following is true in order to successfully implement PSD2？A.Customers are forced to share their bank data.
B.Banks are required to open up their entire operational system.
C.Regulators should be both tough and flexible.
D.Banks and third parties should be regulated with a light touch.
考题
资料：The data a bank has stored on its servers is more valuable than the gold in its vaults. Banks enjoy a monopoly over data that has helped them get away with poor services and fend off competitors. In Europe, at least, that is all about to change with a new set of regulations, named PSD2.
The rules will compel banks to share data easily with licensed third parties. Bankers in Europe complain that their profits and customer relationships are under threat. However, opening up banks, and the data they store, is good for consumers and competition, New providers will be better placed to offer all sorts of innovative services, such as a one-click option to put unspent monthly income into a pension plan.
Nevertheless, some concerns about PSD2 are legitimate. In particular, it is reasonable to wonder about the privacy and security implications of sensitive financial date being shared with third parties. But banks themselves are hardly invulnerable to cyber attacks （网络攻击）.And the solutions that the European regulators propose to deal with these worries look promising. Third parties that want to use bank data will need to convince national regulators that their data defenses are solid and are subject to annual regulatory inspections.
The gap between writing rules and implementing them is always large. First, consent from customers to provide access to their bank data must be gained explicitly, and the purposes of the data use should be clearly explained. Second, regulators must be very tough both in ensuring that banks open up their infrastructure and in withdrawing the licenses of third parties that break the rules. Third, regulators must also be flexible enough to allow for changes as the market evolves. Since the new entrants will not be licensed to engage in riskier financial activities——such as lending money——it makes sense to regulate them with a lighter touch. But if some Fintech providers do end up becoming systemically important, higher standards of oversight might be necessary.
According to the first two paragraphs, what will banks in Europe be forced to do？A.To keep clients’ data safe.
B.To close down the poor services.
C.To give up their data monopoly.
D.To disclose their sources of profits.
考题
资料：The data a bank has stored on its servers is more valuable than the gold in its vaults. Banks enjoy a monopoly over data that has helped them get away with poor services and fend off competitors. In Europe, at least, that is all about to change with a new set of regulations, named PSD2.
The rules will compel banks to share data easily with licensed third parties. Bankers in Europe complain that their profits and customer relationships are under threat. However, opening up banks, and the data they store, is good for consumers and competition, New providers will be better placed to offer all sorts of innovative services, such as a one-click option to put unspent monthly income into a pension plan.
Nevertheless, some concerns about PSD2 are legitimate. In particular, it is reasonable to wonder about the privacy and security implications of sensitive financial date being shared with third parties. But banks themselves are hardly invulnerable to cyber attacks （网络攻击）.And the solutions that the European regulators propose to deal with these worries look promising. Third parties that want to use bank data will need to convince national regulators that their data defenses are solid and are subject to annual regulatory inspections.
The gap between writing rules and implementing them is always large. First, consent from customers to provide access to their bank data must be gained explicitly, and the purposes of the data use should be clearly explained. Second, regulators must be very tough both in ensuring that banks open up their infrastructure and in withdrawing the licenses of third parties that break the rules. Third, regulators must also be flexible enough to allow for changes as the market evolves. Since the new entrants will not be licensed to engage in riskier financial activities——such as lending money——it makes sense to regulate them with a lighter touch. But if some Fintech providers do end up becoming systemically important, higher standards of oversight might be necessary.
What can be inferred from passage on the effects of PSD2 in the second paragraph？
A.Customers are more likely to enjoy more innovative services.
B.People will no longer go to banks to deposit their money.
C.Service providers do not want to partner with banks.
D.People will receive more pension.
考题
资料：The data a bank has stored on its servers is more valuable than the gold in its vaults. Banks enjoy a monopoly over data that has helped them get away with poor services and fend off competitors. In Europe, at least, that is all about to change with a new set of regulations, named PSD2.
The rules will compel banks to share data easily with licensed third parties. Bankers in Europe complain that their profits and customer relationships are under threat. However, opening up banks, and the data they store, is good for consumers and competition, New providers will be better placed to offer all sorts of innovative services, such as a one-click option to put unspent monthly income into a pension plan.
Nevertheless, some concerns about PSD2 are legitimate. In particular, it is reasonable to wonder about the privacy and security implications of sensitive financial date being shared with third parties. But banks themselves are hardly invulnerable to cyber attacks （网络攻击）.And the solutions that the European regulators propose to deal with these worries look promising. Third parties that want to use bank data will need to convince national regulators that their data defenses are solid and are subject to annual regulatory inspections.
The gap between writing rules and implementing them is always large. First, consent from customers to provide access to their bank data must be gained explicitly, and the purposes of the data use should be clearly explained. Second, regulators must be very tough both in ensuring that banks open up their infrastructure and in withdrawing the licenses of third parties that break the rules. Third, regulators must also be flexible enough to allow for changes as the market evolves. Since the new entrants will not be licensed to engage in riskier financial activities——such as lending money——it makes sense to regulate them with a lighter touch. But if some Fintech providers do end up becoming systemically important, higher standards of oversight might be necessary.
According to paragraph 3, what is the probable reason that privacy concerns about PSD2 are unnecessary？A.Third parties will have to buy fraud insurance.
B.Regulators have come up with promising solutions.
C.Banks' defense against cyber attacks is strong.
D.Third parties will check clients' data monthly.
考题
There is a problem with one of the disks used for your database and your system administrator informs you that the disk needs to be replaced. The replacement disk will not be available until tomorrow. There was only one data file on this disk； it belongs to the USERS tablespace in your PROD database. Your PROD database runs in ARCHIVELOG mode and nightly online backups are taken. The users need to be able to access the data in the USERS tablespace before the replacement disk arrives. You have already taken the USERS tablespace offline and have restored the data file from last night’s backup to a new disk. Which additional steps are required in order to make the USERS tablespace available？（）A、Only bring the tablespace back online.B、Only recover the tablespace and then bring the tablespace back online.C、Shut down the database， recover the data file and then start up the database.D、Issue the ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE command， recover the tablespace， and then bring the tablespace online.E、Recover the tablespace， issue the ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE command， and then bring the tablespace online.
考题
You are creating a dial-up connection for Internet access. The wizard cannot access the default Internet Service Providers （ISP） with either of the numbers provided. What is your alternate method for setting up the connection？（）A、Configure the dial-up connection to negotiate with the server using Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP).B、You can choose the option to set up the Internet connection manually if you know the ISP's phone number and your account and password already.C、You need to provide a known IP address before attempting to connect to the ISP server.D、Your ISP is requiring Data Encryption. Configure the dial- up connection to use it.
考题
问答题Practice 12 ● You work in a company which deals with industrial waste. You have read about a new kind of pump which could save your company thousands of dollars in servicing and maintenance costs. ● Write a memo of 30—40 words to your Head of Department saying: ● where you read about the new pump, ● why you think it could be a good investment, ● how you might get more information about it.
考题
单选题There is a problem with one of the disks used for your database and your system administrator informs you that the disk needs to be replaced. The replacement disk will not be available until tomorrow. There was only one data file on this disk； it belongs to the USERS tablespace in your PROD database. Your PROD database runs in ARCHIVELOG mode and nightly online backups are taken. The users need to be able to access the data in the USERS tablespace before the replacement disk arrives. You have already taken the USERS tablespace offline and have restored the data file from last night’s backup to a new disk. Which additional steps are required in order to make the USERS tablespace available？（）A
Only bring the tablespace back online.B
Only recover the tablespace and then bring the tablespace back online.C
Shut down the database， recover the data file and then start up the database.D
Issue the ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE command， recover the tablespace， and then bring the tablespace online.E
Recover the tablespace， issue the ALTER DATABASE RENAME FILE command， and then bring the tablespace online.
考题
问答题Practice 4 Read the following text(s) and write an essay to 1) summarize the main points of the text(s), 2) make clear your own viewpoint, and 3) justify your stand. In your essay, make full use of the information provided in the text(s). If you use more than three consecutive words from the text(s), use quotation marks (“ ”). You should write 160—200 words on the ANSWER SHEET. The information and computer technologies have boosted the efficiency and convenience of people’s work and study. Their application in school education has provided teachers and students with new approaches to knowledge and information. There is a heated discussion about whether computers will replace teachers. The following are the supporters’ and opponents’ opinions. Supporters: With the advanced computer and Internet, children can get the learning material whenever they want. Online teaching is becoming more and more popular that students can get planned lessons online. After each class, there is homework for them to do. Both the learning and practice can be done on computers. From computers students can learn something that they are interested in so that they won’t be restricted to the subjects that they are taught at school. Therefore, students will have the opportunity to achieve an all-around development. Opponents: Students need to communicate with teachers and get instructions from them whenever they have troubles in their study. Computers are only cold devices that will affect children’s ability to have face-to-face communication. Education is not only about imparting the knowledge, but also being a useful person. So students need to learn some useful values to be a good person which sometimes cannot be easily learned from computers. Children who use computer will learn to communicate with machines instead of people. There is a risk that they will be a generation of social illiterates.
考题
填空题Consumer groups have the other idea about the issue, they think the risk of violating someone’s privacy is hit data collected becomes more.____
考题
单选题You are creating a dial-up connection for Internet access. The wizard cannot access the default Internet Service Providers （ISP） with either of the numbers provided. What is your alternate method for setting up the connection？（）A
Configure the dial-up connection to negotiate with the server using Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP).B
You can choose the option to set up the Internet connection manually if you know the ISP's phone number and your account and password already.C
You need to provide a known IP address before attempting to connect to the ISP server.D
Your ISP is requiring Data Encryption. Configure the dial- up connection to use it.
考题
单选题What purpose do post-listening activities NOT serve?A
Helping students relate the text with their personal experience.B
Offering students the opportunities of extending other language skills.C
Practicing students' ability of matching the pre-listing predictions with contents of the text.D
Enabling students to have a discussion about the topic.
考题
问答题Practice 2 ● You work in a company which deals with industrial waste. You have read about a new kind of pump which could save your company thousands of dollars in service and maintenance costs. ● Write a memo to your Head of Department saying: ● where you read about the new pump ● why you think it could be a good investment ● how you might get more information about it. ● Write 40—50 words on a separate sheet.
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