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适应性免疫应答(adaptive immune response)
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考题
固有免疫细胞的功能特点是()
A、可通过趋化募集，迅速发挥免疫效应B、通过克隆扩增、分化为效应细胞后产生免疫效应C、通过产生不同的细胞因子影响适应性免疫应答的类型D、产生免疫记忆细胞E、参与适应性免疫应答的全过程，影响适应性免疫应答的类型
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第一篇Immune FunctionsThe immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system. The success of the immune system in defending the body relies on a dynamic regulatory communication net- work consisting of millions and millions of cells.Organized into sets and subsets,these cells pass information back and forth like clouds of bees flying around a hive（蜂巢）.The result is a sensitive system of checks and balances that produces an immune response that is prompt,appropriate,effective,and self-limiting.At the heart of the immune system is the ability to distinguish between self and nonself. When immune defenders encounter cells or organisms carrying foreign or nonself molecules,the immune troops move quicklyto eliminate the intruders（人侵者）.Virtually every body cell carries distinctive molecules that identify it as self. The body's immune defenses do not normally attack tissues that carry a self-marker. Rather,immune cells and other body cells coexist peaceably in a state known as self-tolerance.When a normally functioning immune system attacks a nonself molecule,the system has the ability to"remember"the specifics of the foreign body.Upon subsequent encounters with the same species of molecules,the immune system reacts accordingly. With the possible exception of antibodies（抗体）passed during lactation（授乳期）, this so called immune system memory is not inherited.Despite the occurrence of a virus in your family,your immune system must"learn"from experience with the many millions of distinctive nonseif molecules in the sea of microbes（微生物）in which we live. Learning entails producing the appropriate molecules and cells to match up with and counteract each nonseif invader.Any substance capable of triggering an immune response is called an antigen（抗原）.Antigens are not to be confused with illergens（过敏原）,which are most often harmless substances that provoke the immune system to set off the inappropriate and harmful response known as allergy.An antigen can be a virus,a bacte-rium,or even a portion or product of one of these organisms.Tissues or cells from another individual also act as antigens,because the immune system recognizes transplanted tissues as foreign,it rejects them.The body will even reject nourishing proteins unless they are first broken down by the digestive system into their primary,nonantigenic building blocks.An antigen announces its foreignness by means of intricate and charac- teristic shapes called epitopes（抗原表位）, which protrude（突出）from its surface. Most antigens , even the simplest microbes,carry several different kinds of epitopes on their surface;some may even carry several hundreds.Some epitopes will be more effective than others at stimulating an immune response.Only in abnormal situations does the immune system wrongly identify self as nonself and execute a misdirected immune attack.Which of the following best expresses the main idea of this passage?A:An antigen is any substance that triggers an immune response.B:One of the immune system's primary functions is the allergic response.C:The human body is an appropriate habitat for microbes.D:The basic function of the immune system is to distinguish between self and nonseif.
考题
单选题关于固有免疫应答和适应性免疫应答叙述错误的是（）A
固有免疫应答起作用早B
适应性免疫应答维持时间长C
适应性免疫应答有记忆性D
固有免疫应答启动适应性免疫应答E
两者是截然分开的
考题
名词解释题适应性免疫应答
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