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Genetically engineered breeding（基因工程育种）
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The incident gave ______ to an endless debate on whether genetically modified food can be consumed
A. raiseB. riseC. ariseD. risen
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The 18th century saw selective breeding of cattle, sheep and houses by _________.
A.Jethro TullB.Thomas CokeC.George IIID.Robert Bakewell
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What is a Label－Switched Path?()
A. a traffic engineered pathB. another name for a Frame Relay PVCC. a bidirectional path through a networkD. a unidirectional path through a network
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This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.
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The offspring of the supertrees have proved to be genetically superior to those of the average trees.
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第一篇Genetic EngineeringGenetic engineering began when the DNA molecule（分子）,the most basic unit of life , was first described in 1953 by James Watson and Francis Crick.An understanding of DNA led to the altering of normal cell reproduction.Experiments with altering human cells began in 1970.In one of the first experiments,patients were injected with a virus that would produce a life-saving enzyme,but their bodies would not accept it.In 1980 patients with a rare but fatal blood disease were injected with a purified gene that was cloned through DNA technology.Another failure.Genetic engineering got a legal boost（激励）in 1980. The U. S. Supreme Court said that a patent couldbe granted on a genetically engineered "oil-eating" bacterium（细菌）.This bacterium would help clean up oil spills.The ruling encouraged companies to invent new life forms,and three important medical products were quickly developed.1.Human interferon（干扰素）—a possible solution to some cancers and viral diseases.A newly engineered bacterium produced human interferon as a by-product. This new product reduced the cost of interferon.2. Human growth hormone（荷尔蒙）一for children whose bodies do not grow to normal height. An expensive growth hormone was previously produced from human cadavers,but by changing the genetic make- up of the single-cell bacterium E.coli,and affordable growth hormone could be produced.3. Human insulin（胰岛素）一for the treatment of diabetes. People with diabetes used to rely on a beef- or-pork-based product until 1982.Now insulin can be manufactured by genetically altered bacteria.Advances in genetic engineering have continued,though they constantly must be weighed against the safety of procedures.There is clearly much more to discover.In this passage,the three genetically engineered medical products are presented_________.A:as a processB:in a simple listC:from earliest to latestD:as a story
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第一篇Genetic EngineeringGenetic engineering began when the DNA molecule（分子）,the most basic unit of life , was first described in 1953 by James Watson and Francis Crick.An understanding of DNA led to the altering of normal cell reproduction.Experiments with altering human cells began in 1970.In one of the first experiments,patients were injected with a virus that would produce a life-saving enzyme,but their bodies would not accept it.In 1980 patients with a rare but fatal blood disease were injected with a purified gene that was cloned through DNA technology.Another failure.Genetic engineering got a legal boost（激励）in 1980. The U. S. Supreme Court said that a patent couldbe granted on a genetically engineered "oil-eating" bacterium（细菌）.This bacterium would help clean up oil spills.The ruling encouraged companies to invent new life forms,and three important medical products were quickly developed.1.Human interferon（干扰素）—a possible solution to some cancers and viral diseases.A newly engineered bacterium produced human interferon as a by-product. This new product reduced the cost of interferon.2. Human growth hormone（荷尔蒙）一for children whose bodies do not grow to normal height. An expensive growth hormone was previously produced from human cadavers,but by changing the genetic make- up of the single-cell bacterium E.coli,and affordable growth hormone could be produced.3. Human insulin（胰岛素）一for the treatment of diabetes. People with diabetes used to rely on a beef- or-pork-based product until 1982.Now insulin can be manufactured by genetically altered bacteria.Advances in genetic engineering have continued,though they constantly must be weighed against the safety of procedures.There is clearly much more to discover.According to the passage, human interferon__________.A:is a hormone that causes diseaseB:could be used to treat cancerC:is a viral diseaseD:has been cured
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Text3 Genetically engineered crops are safe for humans and animals to eat and have not caused increases in cancer,obesity,gastrointestinal illnesses,kidney disease,autism or allergies,an exhaustive report from the National Academies of Science released Tuesday found.Overall,genetically engineered（GE）crops saved farmers in the United States money but didn't appear to increase crop yields.They have lowered pest populations in some areas,especially in the Midwest but increased the number of herbicide-resistant weeds in others.There's also no evidence that GE crops have affected the population of monarch butterflies,the report said.To gauge whether foods made from genetically modified crops were safe for human consumption,the committee compared disease reports from the United States and Canada,where such crops have been consumed since the mid-1990s,and those in the United Kingdom and westem Europe,where they are not widely eaten.No long-term pattem ofincrease in specific health problems after the introduction of GE foods in the 1990s in the United States and Canada was found.There was no correlation between obesity or Type n diabetes and the consumption of GE foods.Celiac disease,which makes humans intolerant of gluten,increased in both populations.Patterns in the increase in autism spectrum disorder in children were similar in both the United Kingdom and the United States,the committee reported.Overall the report concluded that there were no differences in terms ofa higher risk to human health between foods made from GE crops and those made from conventionally-bred crops.Food&Water Watch,a government accountability group in Washington D.C.,said the committee's ties to the biotech industry and other corporations create conflicts ofinterest and raise questions about the independence ofits work."Critics have long been marginalized,"said Wenonah Hauter,the group's executive director.A significant portion of American consumers are concerned about the safety or other effects of foods made with genetically modified crops,often called GMOs for genetically modified orgarusms.A survey released last year by the NPD Group,a market research firm,found that 57%ofAmericans were concemed that genetically modified foods posed a health hazard.The food industry has taken notice.In 2015,Progressive Grocer,a trade publication,reported that total U.S.sales of food and beverage products labeled"non-GMO"reached$10 billion during 2014.The National Academies report will likely not sway these consumers,said Phil Lempert,a Los Angeles-based food industry analyst."It's an emotional issue,it's not a science issue,"he said.35.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?A.Academies of Science Finds GMOs Unharmful to Human Health
B.Public Concem about GMOs Is Not Reduced with Science Report
C.The Independence of U.S.Science Report Is Questioned
D.Americans Prefer the Non-GMO for Its Healthier Element
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Text3 Genetically engineered crops are safe for humans and animals to eat and have not caused increases in cancer,obesity,gastrointestinal illnesses,kidney disease,autism or allergies,an exhaustive report from the National Academies of Science released Tuesday found.Overall,genetically engineered（GE）crops saved farmers in the United States money but didn't appear to increase crop yields.They have lowered pest populations in some areas,especially in the Midwest but increased the number of herbicide-resistant weeds in others.There's also no evidence that GE crops have affected the population of monarch butterflies,the report said.To gauge whether foods made from genetically modified crops were safe for human consumption,the committee compared disease reports from the United States and Canada,where such crops have been consumed since the mid-1990s,and those in the United Kingdom and westem Europe,where they are not widely eaten.No long-term pattem ofincrease in specific health problems after the introduction of GE foods in the 1990s in the United States and Canada was found.There was no correlation between obesity or Type n diabetes and the consumption of GE foods.Celiac disease,which makes humans intolerant of gluten,increased in both populations.Patterns in the increase in autism spectrum disorder in children were similar in both the United Kingdom and the United States,the committee reported.Overall the report concluded that there were no differences in terms ofa higher risk to human health between foods made from GE crops and those made from conventionally-bred crops.Food&Water Watch,a government accountability group in Washington D.C.,said the committee's ties to the biotech industry and other corporations create conflicts ofinterest and raise questions about the independence ofits work."Critics have long been marginalized,"said Wenonah Hauter,the group's executive director.A significant portion of American consumers are concerned about the safety or other effects of foods made with genetically modified crops,often called GMOs for genetically modified orgarusms.A survey released last year by the NPD Group,a market research firm,found that 57%ofAmericans were concemed that genetically modified foods posed a health hazard.The food industry has taken notice.In 2015,Progressive Grocer,a trade publication,reported that total U.S.sales of food and beverage products labeled"non-GMO"reached$10 billion during 2014.The National Academies report will likely not sway these consumers,said Phil Lempert,a Los Angeles-based food industry analyst."It's an emotional issue,it's not a science issue,"he said.33.The word"marginalized"（Para.6）is closest in meaning toA.condemned.
B.abandoned.
C.neglected.
D.evaluated
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What is a Label-Switched Path?（）A、a traffic engineered pathB、another name for a Frame Relay PVCC、a bidirectional path through a networkD、a unidirectional path through a network
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单选题Animals, which are nevertheless displaying some extremely different physiological and behavioral traits, are genetically similar.A
Animals, which are nevertheless displaying some extremely different physiological and behavioral traits, are genetically similar.B
Though genetically similar, animals, nevertheless, display some extremely different physiological and behavioral traits.C
Some animals that are genetically similar nevertheless display extremely different physiological and behavioral traits.D
Some animals display extremely different physiological and behavioral traits, they are genetically similar, nevertheless.E
Some animals display extremely different physiological and behavioral traits and are genetically similar.
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单选题Breeding the hybrid offspring to fix desirable traits is called ______.A
naturally selectingB
inbreedingC
pedigree breedingD
pure-breeding
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单选题Oily rags stored in a pile that is open to the atmosphere are a hazard because they may（）.A
deteriorate and give off noxious gassesB
spontaneously heat and catch fireC
attract lice and other vermin and serve as a breeding groundD
None of the above
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多选题Cisco Small Business Switches are specifically engineered for the small business customer. What are two characteristics common to Cisco Small Business Switches？（）Aremote managementBintegrated telephonyCdo-it-yourself installation and managementDexperienced IT support requiredEsingle-site connectivity
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单选题What is a Label-Switched Path?（）A
a traffic engineered pathB
another name for a Frame Relay PVCC
a bidirectional path through a networkD
a unidirectional path through a network
考题
问答题Green Gene Technology For the past 10,000 years humans have influenced the plants they use at first unknowingly, later by design. Today’s crops have been created by a process of selection and classical breeding. More specific improvements in breeding will be possible in future. Science has cracked the genetic information code. Green gene technology is an effective tool in crop breeding, enabling us to develop new crops even more rapidly and specifically. We can make them more efficient, optimizing their contents and valuable substances to suit the wishes and requirements of customers and the processing industry. Their metabolism can be individually modified, making them produce starch, protein and fats with special properties. Through gene transfer plants can be made more resistant to viruses, bacteria, harmful fungi and insect pests. Genetically modified plants can be cultivated to possess improved stress behavior, with the result that they absorb water better in dry locations and can make more efficient use of soil nutrients. We can also optimize weed control. To do so, we make crops tolerant to environmentally sound and easily degradable herbicides. This is not as simple as it sounds. But we have been successful: Innovator has been on the Canadian market since 1995. This is the first oilseed rape variety to contain the glufosinate tolerance gene, facilitating the use of AgrEvo’s broad-spectrum herbicide liberty. We are committed to green gene technology, with which we aim to make crop breeding even more efficient and environmentally friendly. Before being brought on to the market these genetically modified plants are researched and tested for years until the questions posed regarding their safety have been answered. This is a great opportunity for us to realize our vision: the use of faster methods to breed varieties which will continue to provide us with sufficient food and raw materials in future. Our fossil reserves will soon be exhausted. Experts estimate that we only have enough oil for another 43 years and natural gas for less than 60. This means we must rethink and act accordingly, using new crop varieties to step up the move to replenishable sources of raw materials and energy. In other words, green gene technology is the key technology for sustainable agriculture.
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