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Practice 4 For much of the past year, Europe has been divided over America and its war in Iraq. Now it is divided against itself. The chief culprits: France and Germany. The worm has turned. France and Germany assailed the United States for riding roughshod over other countries in the war on Iraq. Now they stand accused of being the America of Europe—a two-headed superpower that has the rest of the European Union lunging at its throat. Their supposed crimes: flouting EU economic rules, scripting to their design a constitution that was meant to be a Magna Carta for all of Europe and generally hijacking the great European project. Will the power of the Franco-German axis ebb? Only a year ago, the pair were at odds, largely for reasons of poor personal chemistry between Schroder and Chirac. Moreover, some European politicians expect their influence to wane as Europe expands and alliances begin to reknit in new configurations, often around specific issues—Iraq, say, or matters of trade and commerce. But that may be wishful thinking on the part of rivals. If anything, many Europeans believe, the changes in Europe will drive France and Germany closer together—precisely because their traditional nexus of power is threatened.
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更多 “问答题Practice 4 For much of the past year, Europe has been divided over America and its war in Iraq. Now it is divided against itself. The chief culprits: France and Germany. The worm has turned. France and Germany assailed the United States for riding roughshod over other countries in the war on Iraq. Now they stand accused of being the America of Europe—a two-headed superpower that has the rest of the European Union lunging at its throat. Their supposed crimes: flouting EU economic rules, scripting to their design a constitution that was meant to be a Magna Carta for all of Europe and generally hijacking the great European project. Will the power of the Franco-German axis ebb? Only a year ago, the pair were at odds, largely for reasons of poor personal chemistry between Schroder and Chirac. Moreover, some European politicians expect their influence to wane as Europe expands and alliances begin to reknit in new configurations, often around specific issues—Iraq, say, or matters of trade and commerce. But that may be wishful thinking on the part of rivals. If anything, many Europeans believe, the changes in Europe will drive France and Germany closer together—precisely because their traditional nexus of power is threatened.” 相关考题
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Popular breakfast foods in the United States, as in many other countries around the world, include coffee, milk, juice, eggs and bread. Some other breakfast items served in the United States are thought by many to be traditionally American. However, they actually come from other countries.A very popular breakfast food in America is the pancake---a thin, flat cake made out of flour and often served with maple syrup. The idea of the pancake is very old. In fact, pancakes were made long ago in ancient China.Bagels, a round thick bread with a hole in the middle, are also popular for breakfast in America. Polish people in the late 1600s came up with the idea for the first bagels and this new kind of bread soon took off across Eastern Europe.In the late 1800s, thousands of Jews from Eastern Europe traveled to the United States and brought the recipe for bagels with them. Today, New York bagels are said to be the best in the world. Many people have them with cream cheese for breakfast on the go.Doughnuts (usually spelled “donut” in the United States) came from France. They were served to American soldiers in France during World War Ⅰ(第一次世界大战). After the war, American soldiers asked cooks in the United States to make doughnuts for them. Now, served with coffee, they are a very popular breakfast food across the United States.41. This reading is mainly about _______.A. famous places in the United States to eat breakfastB. popular American breakfast foods coming from ChinaC. the most popular types of pancakes in the United StatesD. the history of popular breakfast foods in the United States
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It seems that now a country\'s economy depends much on _______ .A how welldeveloped it is electronicallyB whether it is prejudiced against immigrantsC whether it adopts America's industrial patternD how much control it has over foreign corporations
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Japan s productivity has overtaken America s in some manufacturing industries, but elsewhere the United States has ( )its lead.A、take upB、brought backC、rested onD、clung to
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in britain，the process of state-building has been one of evolution rather than revolution contrast to france and the us. ()
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Which of the following statements is NOT true?A) World population is increasing at a rate of 150 per minute.B) Lower death rates also contribute to world population growth.C) The population of Columbia has been doubling every year for 21 years.D) The United States is usually doubling its population about every 87 years.
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Passage 1
Earlier this year, when America first sneezed, the European Central Bank （along with most private-sector economists） argued that the euro area was insulated from America's slowdown and had little to worry about. This seems to have wrong. In Germany there are fears about recession as business investment and retail sales tumble. Recent figures confirmed that Germany’s GDP stagnated in the second quarter. Italy's GDP fell in the second quarter, and although growth has held up better in France and Spain, the growth in the euro area as a whole was close to zero in the quarter. Nobody is forecasting an actual recession in the euro area this year, but it is no longer expected to provide an engine for world growth.
As for Japan, it is probably already in recession. Japan's GDP grew slightly in the first quarter. Persistent deflation continues to be a severe problem. A revised measure of Japan’s consumer-price index, to be published soon, is likely to show that deflation is worse than had been thought.
What was the economic situation in France and Spain?
A. Much better
B. Somewhat better.
C. Close to zero.
D. Much worse.
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France has kept intimate links with its former African territories.A:friendly B:private C:strong D:secret
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汉译英：“美国；德国”，正确的翻译为（ ）。
A. America ； France B. Amsterdam ； Germany
C. America； Germany D. Amsterdam ； France
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Text 3 The past five years have been a bad time to be a taxpayer in Europe.Across the continent,govemments have relied heavily on tax rises to cut budget deficits,increasing the total burden by almost 5%of GDP in France and Greece.But rather than raise taxes any further,many countries are startin8 to cut them.The European Commission reckons that the euro zone's tax-to-GDP ratio stabilised in 2013 and is now falliry;.In January France announced plans to cut payroll taxes by 30 billion.This month Italy unveiled income-tax cuts worth 10 billion for those earning less than 25,000 a year.This week Britain proposed tax cuts for most people on low or medium incomes.Ireland and Sptun are also planning tax cuts later this year.Lower taxes may be popular,but how are such giveaways being financed?Few countries have Lhe scope to borrow much more.The commission has criticised France and Spain for repeatedly missing their deficit-reduction targets,though it is not taking action agsunst them.Italy's high level of public debt,which hit 133%of GDP in 2013,has also landed it on the commission's fiscal"watch list".Instead,most countries plan to pay for their tax proposals with public-spending cuts.Italy says it will reduce spendirg by an extra 7 billion this year and save a further 2.2 billion thanks to lower yields on its debt-though these figures may prove optimistic.The politician8 hope that lower taxes will boost growth.As euro-zone countries cannot devalue or lower their own interest rates,tax cuts are one of the few ways of trimming business costs fast,says Guillaume Menuet at Citigroup.France and Italy both hope to improve their competitiveness by reducing the tax"wedge"between employers'costs and what workers actually take home.In 2012 this tax take reached nearly 50%of the payroll biU in France and Italy,against an OECD average of just 36%.Some economists doubt that cutting income tax,Italy's approach,is the best way forward.Instead,they favour slashing Europe's high employer-paid socild security charges,as France proposes to do.Ihis would directly lower labour costs,encouraging companies to hire extra workers as well as to increase their invesLmenl.That would aLso give a welcome boost to growth.
France and Spain have been blamed for_____A.borrowing too much debt
B.failing to pay the loans back
C.planning to cut domestic taxes
D.being unable to reduce Lheir deficit
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Text 4 The Big Mac index is built on the idea of purchasing-power parity,the theory that in the long run currencies will converge until the same amount of money buys the same amount of goods and services in every country.A Big Mac cunently costs$5.06 in America but just 10.75 lira（$2.75）in Turkey,implying that the lira is undenalued.However,ot:her currencies are even cheaper.In Big Mac tenns,the Mexican peso is underval-ued by 55.9%against the greenback.Last week it also hit a record low as Mr Trump restated some of his campaign threats against Mexico.The peso has lost a tenth of iLs value against the dollar since November.Of big countries,only Russia offers a cheaper Big Mac,in dollar terms,even though the rouble has strengthened over the past year.The euro zone is also prey to political uncerLainty.Elections are scheduled this year in the Netherlands,France and Germany,and possible in Italy.The euro recently fell to its lowest level since 2003.Britain's Brexit vote has had an even bigger effect on the pound,which has fallen to$1.21,a 31-year low.According to the Big Mac index,the euro and the pound are undervalued against the dollar by 19.7%and 26.3%,respectively.One of the drawbacks of the Big Mac index is that it takes no account of labour costs.It should surprise no one that a Big Mac costs less in Shanghai than it does in San Francisco,since Chinese workers eam far less than their American counterparts.So in a slightly more sophisticated version of the Big Mac index,we take account of a country's average income.Hisiorically,this adjustment has tended to raise currencies'valuations against the dollar,so emerging-market currencies tend to look more reasonably priced.The Chinese yuan,for example,is 44%undervalued against the doUar according to our baseline Big Mac index,but only 7%according to the adjusted one.The deluxe Big Mac index has typically made rich-world currencies look more expensive.Because western Europeans have higher costs of Iiving and lower incomes than Americans,the euro has traded at around a 25%premium against the dollar in income-adjusted burger terms since Lhe euro's inception.But what once seemed to be a constant truth of burgemomics is true no longer.So strong is the dollar Lhat even the adjusted Big Mac index finds the euro undenalued.The dollar is now Uading at a 14-year high in trade-weighted terms.Emerging-world economies may struggle to pay off dollar denominated debts.American firms may find themselves at a disadvantage agzunst foreign competition.And American tourists will get more burgers for their buck in Europe.American tourists in Europe may find that_______.A.burgers are much mOR expensive
B.they have strong purchasing power
C.dollar will maintain its dominant position
D.they are faced with fierce competition
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Text 3 The past five years have been a bad time to be a taxpayer in Europe.Across the continent,govemments have relied heavily on tax rises to cut budget deficits,increasing the total burden by almost 5%of GDP in France and Greece.But rather than raise taxes any further,many countries are startin8 to cut them.The European Commission reckons that the euro zone's tax-to-GDP ratio stabilised in 2013 and is now falliry;.In January France announced plans to cut payroll taxes by 30 billion.This month Italy unveiled income-tax cuts worth 10 billion for those earning less than 25,000 a year.This week Britain proposed tax cuts for most people on low or medium incomes.Ireland and Sptun are also planning tax cuts later this year.Lower taxes may be popular,but how are such giveaways being financed?Few countries have Lhe scope to borrow much more.The commission has criticised France and Spain for repeatedly missing their deficit-reduction targets,though it is not taking action agsunst them.Italy's high level of public debt,which hit 133%of GDP in 2013,has also landed it on the commission's fiscal"watch list".Instead,most countries plan to pay for their tax proposals with public-spending cuts.Italy says it will reduce spendirg by an extra 7 billion this year and save a further 2.2 billion thanks to lower yields on its debt-though these figures may prove optimistic.The politician8 hope that lower taxes will boost growth.As euro-zone countries cannot devalue or lower their own interest rates,tax cuts are one of the few ways of trimming business costs fast,says Guillaume Menuet at Citigroup.France and Italy both hope to improve their competitiveness by reducing the tax"wedge"between employers'costs and what workers actually take home.In 2012 this tax take reached nearly 50%of the payroll biU in France and Italy,against an OECD average of just 36%.Some economists doubt that cutting income tax,Italy's approach,is the best way forward.Instead,they favour slashing Europe's high employer-paid socild security charges,as France proposes to do.Ihis would directly lower labour costs,encouraging companies to hire extra workers as well as to increase their invesLmenl.That would aLso give a welcome boost to growth.
The author's attitude towards France's proposal seems to be_____A.favorable
B.pessinustic
C.doubtful
D.biased
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Text 3 The past five years have been a bad time to be a taxpayer in Europe.Across the continent,govemments have relied heavily on tax rises to cut budget deficits,increasing the total burden by almost 5%of GDP in France and Greece.But rather than raise taxes any further,many countries are startin8 to cut them.The European Commission reckons that the euro zone's tax-to-GDP ratio stabilised in 2013 and is now falliry;.In January France announced plans to cut payroll taxes by 30 billion.This month Italy unveiled income-tax cuts worth 10 billion for those earning less than 25,000 a year.This week Britain proposed tax cuts for most people on low or medium incomes.Ireland and Sptun are also planning tax cuts later this year.Lower taxes may be popular,but how are such giveaways being financed?Few countries have Lhe scope to borrow much more.The commission has criticised France and Spain for repeatedly missing their deficit-reduction targets,though it is not taking action agsunst them.Italy's high level of public debt,which hit 133%of GDP in 2013,has also landed it on the commission's fiscal"watch list".Instead,most countries plan to pay for their tax proposals with public-spending cuts.Italy says it will reduce spendirg by an extra 7 billion this year and save a further 2.2 billion thanks to lower yields on its debt-though these figures may prove optimistic.The politician8 hope that lower taxes will boost growth.As euro-zone countries cannot devalue or lower their own interest rates,tax cuts are one of the few ways of trimming business costs fast,says Guillaume Menuet at Citigroup.France and Italy both hope to improve their competitiveness by reducing the tax"wedge"between employers'costs and what workers actually take home.In 2012 this tax take reached nearly 50%of the payroll biU in France and Italy,against an OECD average of just 36%.Some economists doubt that cutting income tax,Italy's approach,is the best way forward.Instead,they favour slashing Europe's high employer-paid socild security charges,as France proposes to do.Ihis would directly lower labour costs,encouraging companies to hire extra workers as well as to increase their invesLmenl.That would aLso give a welcome boost to growth.
In the past half decade,Europeans have suffered from_____A.low income
B.budget deficit
C.heavy revenue
D.family burden
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France has kept intimate links with its former African territories. A:friendly B:private C:strong D:secret
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Britain.s leading customers and suppliers are France,Germany and（）AJapanBBelgiumCthe NetherlandsDthe United States
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Britain.s leading customers and suppliers are France,Germany and（）A、JapanB、BelgiumC、the NetherlandsD、the United States
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单选题The longest war that the United States has fought is _____.A
the Independence WarB
the Civil WarC
the Vietnam WarD
the Gulf War
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问答题Practice 1 France today is no superpower, but French influence in some spheres is significant. Nothing has cemented French influence in the world like the decision made by the victorious World War II powers in 1945 to include France as one of the five permanent, veto-wielding members of the Security Council. Until the end of the Cold War, France rarely found itself in disagreement with Britain or the U.S. on major issues. But the U. N. veto today takes on larger significance as France struggles to decide whether it wants to lead the European Union in defiance of American power or in partnership with it. As America’s great media outlets have begun preparing for coverage of the D-Day celebrations, the question of a “grand gesture” by the French toward the American war in Iraq, has been raised. Administration officials hint that. perhaps，just perhaps，the French President wm use the occasion of France's rescue as an opportunity to square the accounts—to issue a blanket endorsement of America 78 plan for Iraq’s future and throw its support behind the transfer of power looming at the end of the month. France certainly wants the United States-to be successful in Iraq at this point. But France seems unlikely to see D-Day as an opportunity to make good on a 60-year-old debt. Beyond nice speeches and some truly fine cuisine, don't expect France to liberate America from Iraq.
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单选题After World War I, League of Nations mandates divided Cameroon, ______ a German colony, between France and England.A
ruledB
covertlyC
becomingD
perhapsE
previously
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问答题Practice 4 Europeans have long aspired to end American dominance as the world’s economic leader. The single market and the euro are widely seen as essential steps in this direction. But is Europe ready to lead? Do Europeans understand what it would take? Despite a budding recovery, the United States is hardly the model of economic health that it once was. On several issues—from steel tariffs to the resurgent deficit to shady corporate practices—America has demonstrated a growing failure of leadership. Over the past two decades the United States has shown what it takes to be an economic superpower—a strong currency, openness to imports, concessions in trade negotiations and articulating an economic philosophy for the rest of the world. Now that it’s apparently fading on so many counts, the question becomes: is Europe willing and prepared to do what the United States once did, in order to supplant it? First the exchange-rate issue. The euro will probably continue strengthening against the dollar, if only because of America’s huge and growing $400 billion-a-year current-account deficit. This means that, every year, the United States borrows about 4 percent of its GDP on world markets. If international investors lose confidence in the U.S. economy, fewer people will want to hold dollar assets. The dollar will fall—and the euro will appreciate. This may be a normal market cycle, but there will be consequences. Among others, European companies will see their U.S. profits erode. What happens if the dollar falls farther and faster than anticipated? Are European industrial companies ready to compete with a euro worth $1.10, $1.15 or $1.25? The flip side of the much-desired strong euro would almost certainly be a surge in imports from the United States and the rest of the world. Exports might fall, resulting in job losses—perhaps even a trade deficit for the European Union. Europeans are rightfully angry at new U.S. steel tariffs. But given the sheer size of America’s trade deficit, Washington’s policies are actually relatively moderate. The question remains: if Europe were in a similar position, would its voters and politicians be equally sensitive to what’s best for the global economy? Would European politicians be able to face the incredible pressures that would build for protectionist measures if it were Europe, and not the United States, that ran a persistent trade deficit? Not likely, I fear. America’s retreat from its leading role presents an opportunity for the European Union. Trouble is, its political institutions have yet to mature to the point where they can resolve trade disputes, say, by looking beyond the immediate and narrow self-interests of its member states. Europe’s chance for economic leadership may come sooner than expected. But too many Europeans haven’t yet grasped the basic secret of America’s leadership—the hard work and tough choices that are involved. That’s what Europeans now face, in this season of elections and decision making that will shape their future. Let’s hope they recognize that such sacrifices will pay off for them, as well as for the rest of the world.
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问答题Practice 2 “To be a Negro in America is to hope against hope,” wrote Martin Luther King in the last year Of his life. The advance the black man in the United States, from the position of slave to that of proud and equal citizen, is slow. The black man’s hopes have often ended in despair. “Of the good things in life he has about one-half those Of whites；Of the bad he has twice those Of whites, ”wrote Dr. King. Half of all black people lived in poor houses. They’re received about half as much pay as whites. They had twice as many of their people out Of work and twice as many babies dead for lack Of proper care. Allowing for their numbers, twice as many black men as white fought in the war in Vietnam, and twice as many died in that war. Most black people sti11 did work that was unpleasant and poorly paid. That was the only work they could get.(from Great People of Our Time, ed., by Carol Christian Macmillan Education,1977)
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问答题Practice 6 If there's a threat of dangerous deflation—a general fall in prices—the causes lie as much in Europe and Japan as in the United States. The inevitable collapse of America's speculative boom need not have been especially damaging if the world's other advanced economies were healthy. Their expanding appetite for imports would have bolstered the United States and so-called emerging market countries, from Brazil to South Korea. The trouble is that other advanced economies aren't healthy. Deflation could emerge from simultaneous slumps in the world's three major economies. Prices drop because there's too little global demand chasing too much global supply—everything from steel to shoes. Japan's ills are well known. Its banks are awash in bad loans. Less understood (at least in the United States) is the fact that Europe's troubles stem significantly from Germany. Germany is Europe's “sick man”, just as Japan is Asia's. Only 15 years ago, these countries seemed poised to assume leadership of the world economy. Now they are dragging it down.
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单选题Britain.s leading customers and suppliers are France,Germany and（）A
JapanB
BelgiumC
the NetherlandsD
the United States
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问答题“To be a Negro in America is to hope against hope,” wrote Martin Luther King in the last year of his life. The advance the black man in the United States, from the position of slave to that of proud and equal citizen, is slow. The black man’s hopes have often ended in despair.“Of the good things in life he has about one-half those of whites; of the bad he has twice those of whites,” wrote Dr. King. Half of all black people lived in poor houses. They have received about half as much pay as whites. They had twice as many of their people out of work and twice as many babies dead for lack of proper care. Allowing for their numbers, twice as many black men as white fought in the war in Vietnam, and twice as many died in that war. Most black people still did work that was unpleasant and poorly paid. That was the only work they could get.
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问答题Practice 8 The United States has long been known as a “melting pot”, because many of its people are descended from settlers who came from all over the world to make their homes in the new land. The first immigrants in American history came from England and the Netherlands. Attracted by reports of great economic opportunities and religious and political freedom, immigrants from many other countries flocked to the United States in increasing numbers, reaching a peak in the years 1880—1914. Between 1820 and 1980 the United States admitted almost 50 million immigrants. Some 1,360,000 American Indians, descendants of North America's first inhabitants, now reside in the United States. Most live in the West, but many are in the south and north central areas. Of the more than 300 separate tribes, the largest is the Navaho in the Southwest. Black people were first brought to America from Africa as slaves. Their descendants now make up nearly 12 percent of the population. They once lived mainly in the agricultural South but now are scattered throughout the nation.
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