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单选题
Which of the following is true about crowdfunding according to the first paragraph?
A
It collects money from politicians.
B
It collects money from charities.
C
Entrepreneurs invest in the Internet to get supporters.
D
It is a kind of capital accumulation.
参考答案
参考解析
解析：
事实细节题。根据题干提示定位到第一段。由文章首句Politicians do it. Charities too. And now for-profit entrepreneurs are tapping the Internet to get small amounts of money from lots and lots of supporters.可知，政治家、慈善机构及追求利润的企业家通过互联网crowdfunding是为了从众多的支持者那里获取大量小份的资金，而不是为这些网站捐款；再根据下文意思可排除A、B和C，从而判断正确答案为D。
事实细节题。根据题干提示定位到第一段。由文章首句Politicians do it. Charities too. And now for-profit entrepreneurs are tapping the Internet to get small amounts of money from lots and lots of supporters.可知，政治家、慈善机构及追求利润的企业家通过互联网crowdfunding是为了从众多的支持者那里获取大量小份的资金，而不是为这些网站捐款；再根据下文意思可排除A、B和C，从而判断正确答案为D。
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Income
Income may be national income and personal income. Whereas national income is defined as the total earned income of all the factors of production-namely, profits, interest, rent, wages, and other compensation for labor, personal income may be defined as total money income received by individuals before personal taxes are paid. National income does not equal GNP (Gross National Product) because the factors of production do not receive payment for either capital consumption allowances or indirect business taxes, both of which are included in GNP. The money put aside for capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income. Indirect taxes include sales taxes, property taxes , and excise taxes that are paid by businesses directly to the government and so reduce the income left to pay for the factors of production. Three-fourths of national income goes for wages, salaries, and other forms of compensation to employees.
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It is wrong to assume that they are different from other managers.B
The problems they have to cope with are specific to small businesses.C
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考题
单选题According to this passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?A
Company workers started to dress down about twenty years ago.B
Dress-down has become an everyday phenomenon since the early 1990s.C
“Dress-down Friday” was first given as a favor from employers.D
Many workers want to wear casual clothes to impress people.
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单选题Income
Income may be national income and personal income. Whereas national income is defined as the total earned income of all the factors of production-namely, profits, interest, rent, wages, and other compensation for labor, personal income may be defined as total money income received by individuals before personal taxes are paid. National income does not equal GNP (Gross National Product) because the factors of production do not receive payment for either capital consumption allowances or indirect business taxes, both of which are included in GNP. The money put aside for capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income. Indirect taxes include sales taxes, property taxes , and excise taxes that are paid by businesses directly to the government and so reduce the income left to pay for the factors of production. Three-fourths of national income goes for wages, salaries, and other forms of compensation to employees.
Whereas national income shows the income that the factors of production earn, personal income measures the income that individuals or households receive. Corporation profits are included in national income because they are earned. Out of these profits, however, corporation profit taxes must be paid to the government, and some money must be put into the business for expansion. Only that part of profits distributed as dividends goes to the individual; therefore, out of corporation profits only dividends count as personal income. The factors of production earn money for social security and unemployment insurance contributions, but this money goes to government (which is not a factor of production), not to individuals. It is therefore part of national income but not part of personal income.
On the other hand, money received by individuals when they collect social security or unemployment compensation is not money earned but money received. Interest received on government bonds is also in this category, because much of the money received from the sale of bonds went to pay for war production and that production no longer furnishes a service to the economy.
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GNP equals national income plus indirect business taxes.B
GNP excludes both capital consumption allowances and indirect business taxes.C
Personal income is regarded as the total money income received by an individual after his or her taxes are paid.D
The money that goes for capital consumption is not regarded as income.
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