单选题Animal studies show that ______.A monkey mothers know some knowledge on biologyB mothers tend to show real love to their female babiesC the offspring does not need so much caring from motherD monkey mothers give more care to their female kids by instinct

考题 Do mothers only work in some special professions today?_____________________________________________________

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考题 A majority of mothers and fathers want to share changing nappies, reading with their kids and to take their children to see a doctor.()

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考题共用题干 Early or Later Day Care The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive “attachment”period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life.Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental sepa-ration it entails,and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion. Firstly,anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies.For example,in some tribal societies,such as the Ngoni,the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant a-lone—far from it .Secondly,common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread to-day if parents,care—takers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out,and even if they were,the results would be certain to be complicat-ed and controversial.Thirdly,in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care,and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neural or slightly positive effect on children's development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue. But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects.The possi- bility that such care might lead to,say,more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics.Whatever the long-term effects,parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with.Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness.At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy,and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time.The matter,then,is far from clear-cut,though experience and available evi- dence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants. Which of the following is derivable from Bowlby's work?A: Day care would not be so popular if it has noticeable negative effects on a child's personality.B: A child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problems in later life.C: Day care nurseries have positive effects on a child's development.D: Mothers should not send their children to day care centers before the age of three.

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考题共用题干 Single-parent Kids Do BestSingle mums are better at raising their kids than two parents-at least in the bird world.Mother zebra finches have to work harder and raise fewer chicks on their own,but they also produce more attractive sons who are more likely to get a mate.The finding shows that family conflict is as important an evolutionary driving force as ecological factors such as hunting and food supply.______(46)In evolutionary terms,the best strategy for any parent in the animal world is to find someone else to care for their offspring,so they can concentrate on breeding again.Soit's normal for parents to try to pass the buck to each other.But Ian Hartley from the University of Lancaster and his team wondered how families solve this conflict,and how the conflict itself affects the offspring.______(47)They compared single females with pairs,by monitoring the amount of food each parent collected,and removing or adding chicks so that each pair of birds was raising four chicks,and each single mum had two-supposedly the same amount of work.But single mums,they found,put in about 25 per cent more effort than females rearing with their mate. ______(48)"The offspring suffer some of the cost of this conflict,"says Hartley.The cost does not show in any obvious decrease in size or weight,but in how attractive they are to the opposite sex.When the chicks were mature,the researchers tested the"fitness"of the male offspring by offering females their choice of partner.______( 49)Sexual conflict has long been thought to affect the quality of care given to offspring,says zoologist Rebecca Kilner at Cambridge University,who works on conflict of parents in birds."But the experimental evidence is not great.The breakthrough here is showing it empirically."More surprising,says Kilner,is Hartley',S statement that conflict may be a strong influence on the evolution of behaviour,clutch size and even appearance."People have not really made that link,"says Hartley.A female's reproductive strategy is usually thought to be affected by hunting and food supply.______(50)______(50)A:To avoid being exploited,mothers with a partner hold back from working too hard if the father is being lazy,and it's the chicks that pay the price.B:To find out,they measured how much effort zebra finch parents put into raising their babies.C:Those males reared by single mums were chosen more often than those from two一parent families.D:With two parents around,there's always a conflict of interests,which can have a detrimental effect on the quality of the offspring.E:Kilner says conflict of parents should now be taken into account as well.F:It turned out that single mums had greater influence on their offspring.

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考题 Text 4 Each suburban housewife,wrote Betty Friedan in 1963,struggles with a single quesLion as she makes the beds,shops for groceries,drives children to school and lies beside her husband at night:"Is this all?"A few years after her ground-breaking book The Feminine Mystique was published,the Cen8us Bureau began collecting data on the proportion of mothers who opt to stay at home.Over the subsequent decades the statistics answered Friedan's question with a heartfelt no.In 1967 the share of mothers who did not work ouLside the home stood at 4996;by the turn of the millennium it had dropped to just 23%.Many Lhought this number would continue to fall as women sought to"have it all".Instead,the proportion of stay-at-home moLhers has been rising steadily for the past 15 years,according to new data gathered by the Pew Research Centre.This partly reflects demographic change.Immigrants,a rising share of Lhe relevant generation,are more likely to be stay-at-home mums than women born in America.There is an economic component to the change,too:at the end of the 1990s,when mothers staying at home were at Lheir rarest,the economy was creating so many jobs that most people who wanted work could find it.Now more report that they are unable to do so,or are studying in the hope of finding work later.But there is also an element of choice:a quarter of stay-at-home mothers have coUege degrees.Taken as a whole,the group includes mothers at both ends of the social scale.Some are highly educated bankers'wives who choose not to work because they don't need the money and would rather spend their time hot-housing their toddlers so that they may one day get into Harvard.Others are poorer but calculate that,after paying for child care,the money they make sweeping filoors or serving burgers does not justify the time away from their little ones.he first group is fturly small.Pew estimates that there are 370,000 highly educated and afflu-ent slay-at-home mothers（defined as married mothers with children under 18 who have at least a master's degree and family income in excess of$75,000）.That is 5%of all stay-at-home mothers with working husbands.One third of stay-at-home moLhers are single or cohabiting,and on average they are poorer than the rest. It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that the most vital thing for women is to______A.spend more money on their children B.spend more time with their children C.balance their work inside and outside D.earn more money to support their family

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考题 Text 4 Each suburban housewife,wrote Betty Friedan in 1963,struggles with a single quesLion as she makes the beds,shops for groceries,drives children to school and lies beside her husband at night:"Is this all?"A few years after her ground-breaking book The Feminine Mystique was published,the Cen8us Bureau began collecting data on the proportion of mothers who opt to stay at home.Over the subsequent decades the statistics answered Friedan's question with a heartfelt no.In 1967 the share of mothers who did not work ouLside the home stood at 4996;by the turn of the millennium it had dropped to just 23%.Many Lhought this number would continue to fall as women sought to"have it all".Instead,the proportion of stay-at-home moLhers has been rising steadily for the past 15 years,according to new data gathered by the Pew Research Centre.This partly reflects demographic change.Immigrants,a rising share of Lhe relevant generation,are more likely to be stay-at-home mums than women born in America.There is an economic component to the change,too:at the end of the 1990s,when mothers staying at home were at Lheir rarest,the economy was creating so many jobs that most people who wanted work could find it.Now more report that they are unable to do so,or are studying in the hope of finding work later.But there is also an element of choice:a quarter of stay-at-home mothers have coUege degrees.Taken as a whole,the group includes mothers at both ends of the social scale.Some are highly educated bankers'wives who choose not to work because they don't need the money and would rather spend their time hot-housing their toddlers so that they may one day get into Harvard.Others are poorer but calculate that,after paying for child care,the money they make sweeping filoors or serving burgers does not justify the time away from their little ones.he first group is fturly small.Pew estimates that there are 370,000 highly educated and afflu-ent slay-at-home mothers（defined as married mothers with children under 18 who have at least a master's degree and family income in excess of$75,000）.That is 5%of all stay-at-home mothers with working husbands.One third of stay-at-home moLhers are single or cohabiting,and on average they are poorer than the rest. Betty Friedan is mentioned in the first paragraph to______A.discuss about female writers B.show the author's conLribution C.introduce the topic of housewives D.describe the life of single mothers

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考题 Text 4 Each suburban housewife,wrote Betty Friedan in 1963,struggles with a single quesLion as she makes the beds,shops for groceries,drives children to school and lies beside her husband at night:"Is this all?"A few years after her ground-breaking book The Feminine Mystique was published,the Cen8us Bureau began collecting data on the proportion of mothers who opt to stay at home.Over the subsequent decades the statistics answered Friedan's question with a heartfelt no.In 1967 the share of mothers who did not work ouLside the home stood at 4996;by the turn of the millennium it had dropped to just 23%.Many Lhought this number would continue to fall as women sought to"have it all".Instead,the proportion of stay-at-home moLhers has been rising steadily for the past 15 years,according to new data gathered by the Pew Research Centre.This partly reflects demographic change.Immigrants,a rising share of Lhe relevant generation,are more likely to be stay-at-home mums than women born in America.There is an economic component to the change,too:at the end of the 1990s,when mothers staying at home were at Lheir rarest,the economy was creating so many jobs that most people who wanted work could find it.Now more report that they are unable to do so,or are studying in the hope of finding work later.But there is also an element of choice:a quarter of stay-at-home mothers have coUege degrees.Taken as a whole,the group includes mothers at both ends of the social scale.Some are highly educated bankers'wives who choose not to work because they don't need the money and would rather spend their time hot-housing their toddlers so that they may one day get into Harvard.Others are poorer but calculate that,after paying for child care,the money they make sweeping filoors or serving burgers does not justify the time away from their little ones.he first group is fturly small.Pew estimates that there are 370,000 highly educated and afflu-ent slay-at-home mothers（defined as married mothers with children under 18 who have at least a master's degree and family income in excess of$75,000）.That is 5%of all stay-at-home mothers with working husbands.One third of stay-at-home moLhers are single or cohabiting,and on average they are poorer than the rest. This text mainly centers on housewives______A.family and social background B.reasons for not going to work C.disparity of economic status D.proportion and situations

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考题 Text 4 Each suburban housewife,wrote Betty Friedan in 1963,struggles with a single quesLion as she makes the beds,shops for groceries,drives children to school and lies beside her husband at night:"Is this all?"A few years after her ground-breaking book The Feminine Mystique was published,the Cen8us Bureau began collecting data on the proportion of mothers who opt to stay at home.Over the subsequent decades the statistics answered Friedan's question with a heartfelt no.In 1967 the share of mothers who did not work ouLside the home stood at 4996;by the turn of the millennium it had dropped to just 23%.Many Lhought this number would continue to fall as women sought to"have it all".Instead,the proportion of stay-at-home moLhers has been rising steadily for the past 15 years,according to new data gathered by the Pew Research Centre.This partly reflects demographic change.Immigrants,a rising share of Lhe relevant generation,are more likely to be stay-at-home mums than women born in America.There is an economic component to the change,too:at the end of the 1990s,when mothers staying at home were at Lheir rarest,the economy was creating so many jobs that most people who wanted work could find it.Now more report that they are unable to do so,or are studying in the hope of finding work later.But there is also an element of choice:a quarter of stay-at-home mothers have coUege degrees.Taken as a whole,the group includes mothers at both ends of the social scale.Some are highly educated bankers'wives who choose not to work because they don't need the money and would rather spend their time hot-housing their toddlers so that they may one day get into Harvard.Others are poorer but calculate that,after paying for child care,the money they make sweeping filoors or serving burgers does not justify the time away from their little ones.he first group is fturly small.Pew estimates that there are 370,000 highly educated and afflu-ent slay-at-home mothers（defined as married mothers with children under 18 who have at least a master's degree and family income in excess of$75,000）.That is 5%of all stay-at-home mothers with working husbands.One third of stay-at-home moLhers are single or cohabiting,and on average they are poorer than the rest. According to Paragraph 2,which of the following is true?A.The lowest proportion of housewives appeared around 2000. B.Many people think that women are becoming less independent. C.The number of housewives has been falling in the past dec8des. D.Most women think that career may be more important for them.

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考题 Text 4 Each suburban housewife,wrote Betty Friedan in 1963,struggles with a single quesLion as she makes the beds,shops for groceries,drives children to school and lies beside her husband at night:"Is this all?"A few years after her ground-breaking book The Feminine Mystique was published,the Cen8us Bureau began collecting data on the proportion of mothers who opt to stay at home.Over the subsequent decades the statistics answered Friedan's question with a heartfelt no.In 1967 the share of mothers who did not work ouLside the home stood at 4996;by the turn of the millennium it had dropped to just 23%.Many Lhought this number would continue to fall as women sought to"have it all".Instead,the proportion of stay-at-home moLhers has been rising steadily for the past 15 years,according to new data gathered by the Pew Research Centre.This partly reflects demographic change.Immigrants,a rising share of Lhe relevant generation,are more likely to be stay-at-home mums than women born in America.There is an economic component to the change,too:at the end of the 1990s,when mothers staying at home were at Lheir rarest,the economy was creating so many jobs that most people who wanted work could find it.Now more report that they are unable to do so,or are studying in the hope of finding work later.But there is also an element of choice:a quarter of stay-at-home mothers have coUege degrees.Taken as a whole,the group includes mothers at both ends of the social scale.Some are highly educated bankers'wives who choose not to work because they don't need the money and would rather spend their time hot-housing their toddlers so that they may one day get into Harvard.Others are poorer but calculate that,after paying for child care,the money they make sweeping filoors or serving burgers does not justify the time away from their little ones.he first group is fturly small.Pew estimates that there are 370,000 highly educated and afflu-ent slay-at-home mothers（defined as married mothers with children under 18 who have at least a master's degree and family income in excess of$75,000）.That is 5%of all stay-at-home mothers with working husbands.One third of stay-at-home moLhers are single or cohabiting,and on average they are poorer than the rest. Now there are more stay-at-home mothers mainly because of_____A.their laziness and lack of ambition B.immigration and employment difficuIty C.their own choice and their husbands'wish D.immigration and low educational background

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考题共用题干 Working MothersCarefully conducted researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems,compared with children whose mothers stayed at home.My personal______(1)is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish.Whether we like it or not,there are a______(2) of mothers who just have to work.There arethose who have invested such a big part of their lives in establishing a career that they cannot______(3) see it lost.Then there are many who must work out of pure economic______(4).Many mothers are not______(5) out to be full-time parents.After a few months at home with a much loved infant,they feel trapped and isolated.There are a number of options when it______(6) to choosing childcare.These range from child minders and nannies through to Granny or the kind lady______(7) the street.______(8) ,howev-er,many parents don't have any choice；they have to accept anything they can get.Be pre-pared!No______(9) how good the childcare may be,some children are going to protest wildly if they are left.This is a______(10) normal stage of child development.Babies separate well in the first six months,but soon after that they start to get a crush on Mum and close family______(11).Make sure that in the first week you allow______(12) time to help your child settle in.All children are different.Some are independent,while others are more______(13) to their mothers.Remember that if you want to______(14) the best for your children,it's not the quantity of time you spend with them,it's the______(15) that matters.9._________A:wayB:matterC:surpriseD:exception

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考题共用题干 Single-parent Kids Do BestSingle mums are better at raising their kids than two parents-at least in the bird world.Mother zebra finches have to work harder and raise fewer chicks on their own,but they also produce more attractive sons who are more likely to get a mate.The finding shows that family conflict is as important an evolutionary driving force as ecological factors such as hunting and food supply.______(46)In evolutionary terms,the best strategy for any parent in the animal world is to find someone else to care for their offspring,so they can concentrate on breeding again.So it's normal for parents to try to pass the buck to each other.But Ian Hartley from the University of Lancaster and his team, wondered how families solve this conflict,and how the conflict itself affects the offspring.______(47)They compared single females with pairs,by monitoring the amount of food each parent collected,and removing or adding chicks so that each pair of birds was raising four chicks,and each single mum had two-supposedly the same amount of work.But single mums,they found,put in about 25 percent more effort than females rearing with their mate.______(48)"The offspring suffer some of the cost of this conflict,"says Hartley?The cost does not show in any obvious decrease in size or weight,but in how attractive they are to the opposite sex.When the chicks were mature,the researchers tested the"fitness"of the male offspring by offering females their choice of partner.______(49)Sexual conflict has long been thought to affect the quality of care given to offspring,says zoologist Rebecca Kilner at Cambridge University,who works on conflict of parents in bi记S."But the experimental evidence is not great.The breakthrough here is showing it empirically".More surprising,says Kilner,is Hartley's statement that conflict may be a strong influence on the evolution of behaviour,clutch size and even appearance."People have not really made that link,"says Har-tley.A female's reproductive strategy is usually thought to be affected by hunting and food supply. ______(50)______(49)A:To avoid being exploited,mothers with a partner hold back from working too hard if the father is being lazy,and it's the chicks that pay the price.B:To find out, they measured how much effort zebra finch parents put into raising their babies.C:Those males reared by single mums were chosen more often than those from two-parent families.D:With two parents around,there's always a conflict of interests, which can have a detrimental effect on the quality of the offspring.E:Kilner says conflict of parents should now be taken into account as well.F:It turned out that single mums had greater influence on their offspring.

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考题共用题干 Early or Later Day CareThe British psychoanalyst John Bowiby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment"period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life.Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails,and many people do believe this.But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.Firstly,anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies.For example,in some tribal societies,such as the Ngoni,the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone-far from it.Secondly,common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents,care-takers found children had problems with it.Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out,and even if they were,the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial.Thirdly,in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care,and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on children's development.But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects.The possibility that such care might lead to,say,more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics.Whatever the long-term effects,parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with.Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness.At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy,and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time.The matter,then,is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.Which of the following is derivable from Bowiby's work?A:Mothers should not send their children to day care centers before the age of three.B:Day care nurseries have positive effects on a child's development.C:A child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problems in later life.D:Day care would not be so popular if it has noticeable negative effects on a child's personality.

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考题共用题干 Working MothersCarefully conducted researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems,compared with children whose mothers stayed at home.My personal ______(51)is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish.Whether we like it or not,there are a______(52)of mothers who just have to work.There are those who have invested such a big part of their lives in establishing a career that they cannot______(53)to see it lost.Then there are many who must work out of pure economic______(54).Many mothers are not_______(55)out to be full-time parents.After a few months at home with a much loved infant,they feel trapped and isolated. There are a number of options when it______(56)to choosing childcare.These range from child minders and nannies through to Granny or the kind lady______(57)the street.______(58), however,many parents don't have any choice;they have to accept anything they can get.Be prepared!No ______(59)how good the childcare may be,some children are going to protest wildly if they are left. This is a_______(60)normal stage of child development.Babies separate well in the first six months, but soon after that they start to get a crush on Mum and close family______(61).Make sure that in the first week you allow______(62)time to help your child settle in.All children are different.Some are independent,while others are more______(63)to their mothers. Remember that if you want to_______(64)the best for your children,it's not the quantity of time you spend with them,it's the______(65)that matters.64._________A:make B:give C:have D:do

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考题单选题Which group of mothers-to-be is recommend to labour at home?A First-time mothers.B Those from an ethnic minority.C Those from far away.D Those who had no known complications.

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考题单选题For married mothers, the time spend on child care increased to an average of 12.9 hours a week in 2009.A ForB spendC increasedD an average

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考题单选题Which is not a reason for children to show love for parents?A Parents love and take care of children.B Parents pass away before children grow up.C Parents give education to children.

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考题单选题According to Schwarz's findings, who are more likely to get diabetes later in life?A Those mothers who had never breastfed.B Those mothers who never gave birth.C Those mothers who breastfed for a month.D Those mothers who breastfed for six months.

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