翻译资格考试技巧之切分与合并及归化(一)

发布时间:2020-08-03


英语中长句较多, 句中修饰语多且长,使句子结构复杂,所以英译汉时,不能照样克隆复制,而是得根据汉语语法的特点,灵活处理。切分就是一种常用的方法,是指把英语中的长句分解成两个或两个以上的句子。它常包括单词分译、短语分译和句子分译等三种情况。

 () 单词分译

单词分译是指把原文中的一个单词拆译成一个小句或者句子。采用单词分译主要有两个目的:一是为了句法上的需要。由于一些单词在搭配、词义等方面的特点,直译会使句子生硬晦涩,翻译腔十足,而把某个单词分译却能使句子通顺,且不损伤原意。二是为了修饰上的需要,如加强语气,突出重点等。英语中的名词、动词、形容词和副词等都可分译。例如:

(1)We recognize that China‘s long-term modernization program understandably and necessarily emphasizes economic growth.

我们认识到,中国的长期现代化计划以发展经济为重点,这是可以理解的,也是必要的。

(2) Then and there he named the startled General lying wounded on his cot the new Commander in Chief of the Airforce…

他就在当时当地任命这位躺在榻上治伤的将军为空军总司令,使这位将军吃了一惊。

(3) A movie of me leaving that foxhole would look like a shell leaving a rifle.

我离开那个猫儿洞的速度之快,要是拍成电影的话,会象出膛的子弹一样。

(4) Yet it is painfully apparent that millions of Americans who would never think of themselves as law-breakers let alone criminals are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes that are designed to protect and nourish their society.

显然,数百万美国人从来没有想过自己会违法,更不用说犯罪了,而就是他们正在越来越肆意歪曲旨在保护和培育这个社会的法律条文,这真令人痛心。

(原文中painfully apparent如照字面译成痛心地明显的,不合汉语表达习惯,将painfully单译成句,既突出了重点,表明作者对这一现象感到痛心的心情,又使语言自然流畅。)

(5) At present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply.

现在,人们都倾向于采取不偏不倚的态度来回答问题,因为它安全,不招风险。

(choose the safety of the middle-ground reply如机械直译成选择不偏不倚回答问题的安全,语言晦涩难懂。将safety分译出来则较好地解决了这一问题。)

(6) Auntie Julia vainly asked each of her neighbours in turn to tell her what Gabriel had said.

朱利亚姨妈接连向坐在旁边的人打听加布里埃尔刚才说了些什么,却没有问出个所以然来。

() 短语分译

短语分译是指把原文中的一个短语分译成一个句子。名词短语、分词短语、介词短语等有时都可以分译成句。例如:

(1) These cheerful little trams dating back to 1873 chug and sway up the towering hills with bells ringing and people hanging from every opening.

这些令人欢快的小缆车建于1873年,嘎嚓嘎嚓摇摆爬上高耸的山峦。车上铃儿叮当作响,每个窗口都是人。(介词短语分译)

(2) The military is forbidden to kill the vessela relatively easy task.

军方被禁止击毁这艘潜艇,虽然要击毁它并不怎么费事。(名词短语分译)

(3) Invitingly green Angel Island once a military installation contains meandering trails and picnic spots ideal for a day’s excursion.

迷人的天使岛郁郁葱葱,小径蜿蜒,是一日游的理想野餐场所。但在过去它却是一个军事基地。(名词短语分译)

() 句子分译

句子分译可以分为简单句的分译、并列复合句的分译、主从复合句的分译以及其他情况的分译。

A. 简单句的分译

(1) Daybreak comes with thick mist and drizzle.

黎明时分,大雾弥漫,细雨蒙蒙。

(2) But another round of war in the region clearly would put strains on international relations.但是,如果该地区再次发生战争,显然会使国际关系处于紧张状态。

B. 并列复合句的分译

并列英语复合句常常在分句连接处加以切分,译成两个或两个以上的句子。例如:

(1) I sat with his wife in their living room looking out the glass doors to the backyards and there was Allen‘s pool still covered with black plastic that had been stretched across it for winter.

我跟他妻子一起坐在他们家的起居室里,望着玻璃门外的后院。后院里有阿伦的游泳池,上面还盖着过冬时铺上去的黑色塑料蓬。(在连词and处切分)

(2) On her once familiar street as in any unused channel an unfamiliar queerness had silted up; a cat wove itself in and out of railings but no human eye watched Mrs Drover’s return.

走在一度熟悉的大街上,就像在一条没有人走过的道路上一样,她心里充满了从未有过的新奇。一只猫在栏杆那儿绕来绕去,但是没有人留意特罗弗太太回来。(;处切分)

(3) The entire cable-car system recently got an overhaul after more than a century of operations so you are on firm ground even if the streets seem to be tilting beneath you.

在运行了一个世纪之后,最近对整个缆车系统进行了彻底检修。所以即使你觉得街道似乎在下面倾斜,你在缆车上仍很安全。(在连词so处切分)

(4) The recruitment of Chinese labor was not universally accepted in racially conscious 19th century America and some white workers were unsettled by their appearance in large numbers.

在种族意识十分强的19世纪的美国,招募中国劳工的做法并非普遍为人接受。由于工地上大批出现中国劳工,某些白人工人感到心绪不宁。(在连词and处切分)

好啦,愉快的时光总是短暂的,今日的分享到这里就结束了,更多考试相关资讯尽在51题库考试学习网,敬请期待!


下面小编为大家准备了 口译笔译 的相关考题,供大家学习参考。

他们立刻出动去追击敌人。

正确答案:They immediately set out in pursuit of the enemy.
They immediately set out in pursuit of the enemy.

Gypsies are often treated with disapproval, lack of trust, and lack of understanding because their way of life is so different from the way most other British people live.

正确答案:吉普赛人的生活方式和大部分英国人大不相同所以人们对吉普赛人的态度总是不以为然很不信任而且对他们的生活缺乏了解。
吉普赛人的生活方式和大部分英国人大不相同,所以人们对吉普赛人的态度总是不以为然,很不信任,而且对他们的生活缺乏了解。

Just a couple of days ago, climbers, backed by United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), returned from the Himalayas, where they gathered first-hand accounts from monks, local people and other travelers on the state of the environment of the world's most famous mountain range. They have recorded in words, in photographs, and on film, the dramatic impacts that global warming is having on glaciers, causing them to rapidly thaw, and build up melt waters in mountain lakes. As a result, these lakes could soon burst, sending millions of tons of water and rubble swirling down the valleys threatening life and limb. // The expedition has also looked at the impacts of tourism on the mountains, concluding that much of what is happening is environmentally damaging, and a burden on the people, wildlife and landscapes of these once pristine wilderness areas. //

Every year World Environment Day is an occasion to pause and reflect on the state of the environment. This year especially, faced with the findings of our climbers, in the International Year of the Mountains, I urge you to "Give Earth a Chance". I ask you to look at our daily impact on the planet and its peoples, and to take action to improve our environmental behavior. //

Although mountains have been revered since time began, such beliefs are no longer enough to preserve fragile mountain ecosystems, for the well-being of all. We face an immense challenge, the challenge of ensuring their stability and preservation for the generations to come. //

Mountains are our water-towers. Mountains are a major source of energy. Mountains feed those living on them. Mountain ecosystems are linked to life in the lowlands, to freshwater and to the seas. Mountains are islands of rich biological and cultural diversity, home to unique plants, animals, languages and traditions. //

Sustainable development is a must. We need to combine the environmental dimension with social activity and economic development. This must be our common target, especially in mountain regions. Without sustainable development we cannot solve the problems. It is not enough to simply say we have a conservation plan for nature, and natural resources. // We must give people a chance to live and survive in these regions, therefore we need jobs; we need a perspective for young people to remain there and not go to the big cities. Mountains are virtual treasure chests of untapped economic potential—vital to sustainable development. This was recognized by the Earth Summit in Rio. //

Mountains attract tourists, but tourism has to be well managed to minimize impact on sensitive mountain environments. Respect should be the byword of the tourists, and tour operators, that bring people into contact with local people and landscapes, //The respect includes paying local people a decent wage, sourcing local food and materials where possible, and observing local customs, beliefs and traditions. Tourists are guests in other peoples' ecosystems and should behave as such. Mountains as a resource HAVE to be valued, and some of that value has to benefit mountain dwellers. Earnings from tourism should be shared equitably between all stakeholders. //

Especially this year, the International Year of Ecotourism, every effort should be made to promote Ecotourism in mountains. For some communities and regions, sustainable tourism can be a first step towards sustainable development. Let us hope that all societies will come to revere mountains, and thus be motivated to invest in them, preserve this unique asset, and in turn reap benefit from it. //

On this World Environment Day let us all begin to act for the conservation not only of the mountains, but the sea, the land, water and the air too. Let us act to give the Earth a chance. An unpolluted pristine environment is vital to our survival, a precious resource, which will only endu

正确答案:由联合国环境署资助的登山队员几天前刚刚从喜马拉雅山返回登山队员们从当地的僧人、居民和其他游客那里收集到了第一手有关这座世界上最著名山脉的环境现状资料。他们以文字、照片和胶片记录下了全球升温对冰川所产生的剧烈影响:冰川迅速融化化成的水流入山地湖泊中导致湖水不久将涨满溢出致使数以百万吨的水夹杂着石块冲入山谷从而对人类生命构成威胁。//队员们还考察了旅游业对喜马拉雅山地区带来的影响认为目前所开展的旅游活动对环境都具有破坏性同时也使这里的居民、野生动物和自然景观背上了沉重的负担而这里原本就属于原始野生地区。// 一年一度的世界环境日使我们有机会静下心来对目前的环境状况进行反思。今年的世界环境日更是如此;面对我们登山队员的调查结果在这个国际山岳年里我谨此敦促各位“给我们的地球一线生机”。我要求各位审视一下我们的日常生活给这个星球及其居民带来的影响并采取行动改进我们的环境行为。// 尽管人们自古以来便对山岳怀有一种崇敬感但如今仅靠这种崇敬之情已不足以维系脆弱的山岳生态系统从而造福人类了。我们当前面临的巨大挑战是如何为了我们的子孙后代而确保维护山岳生态系统的平衡。// 山是我们的水塔也是能源生成的主要之地。山养育着依靠它生存的人们。山岳生态系统与低洼地区的生物密切相关同时也与淡水和海洋密切相关。山岳中蕴藏着丰富的生物和多元的文化是许多珍奇动、植物、和独特的语言及传统的发源地。// 可持续发展势在必行。我们必需将环境的各个方面与社会活动和经济发展结合起来特别是在山区这必须成为我们的共同目标。若不能实现可持续发展便不能解决我们面对的各种问题。仅仅说我们已制订了保护大自然和自然资源的计划是远远不够的。//我们必须使人们有条件在这些地区生活和生存下去。为此我们需要在当地创造就业机会从而使年青一代有希望能留下来而不是涌入大城市。山岳实际上是个宝库储存着尚未被充分开发的、对可持续发展至关重要的经济潜力。这一点已得到里约地球首脑会议的认可。// 山岳对游客有着巨大的吸引力但旅游业必须得到良好的管理以最大限度地减少旅游业对山岳的敏感环境产生影响。我们的旅游从业人员将游客带到当地与当地居民接触并欣赏那里的自然景观尊重必须成为游客和旅游从业人员的行为规范。//这种尊重包括付给当地居民合理的工资、尽可能使用当地的食品和物资遵守当地的习俗、观念和传统。游客是造访他乡生态系统的客人因此其行为举止应符合游客的身份。山岳作为一种资源其价值必须得到重视当地山民应能从中得到实惠。旅游业的收益应在所有的利益相关者之间进行公平分配。// 今年是国际生态旅游年大家应不遗余力地推动山岳生态旅游业的发展。对于某些社区和地区而言发展可持续旅游业大可成为其努力实现可持续发展的第一步。我们希望所有社会都将逐步建立起对山岳的尊重进而产生投资山区的兴趣、努力保护这一独特的资产并从中获益。// 值此世界环境日之际让我们一道不仅为保护我们的山岳、而且还为保护海洋、陆地、水和空气而采取行动。让我们携起手来给我们的地球一线生机。没有遭到污染的原始环境对于我们的生存至关重要因为只有给地球留有生机才能使这种宝贵的资源得以延续。// (联台国环境署前执行长官克劳斯?特普费尔在2002年6月5日世界环境日上的讲话“给地球一线生机”)
由联合国环境署资助的登山队员几天前刚刚从喜马拉雅山返回,登山队员们从当地的僧人、居民和其他游客那里收集到了第一手有关这座世界上最著名山脉的环境现状资料。他们以文字、照片和胶片记录下了全球升温对冰川所产生的剧烈影响:冰川迅速融化,化成的水流入山地湖泊中,导致湖水不久将涨满溢出,致使数以百万吨的水夹杂着石块冲入山谷,从而对人类生命构成威胁。//队员们还考察了旅游业对喜马拉雅山地区带来的影响,认为目前所开展的旅游活动对环境都具有破坏性,同时也使这里的居民、野生动物和自然景观背上了沉重的负担,而这里原本就属于原始野生地区。// 一年一度的世界环境日使我们有机会静下心来,对目前的环境状况进行反思。今年的世界环境日更是如此;面对我们登山队员的调查结果,在这个国际山岳年里,我谨此敦促各位“给我们的地球一线生机”。我要求各位审视一下我们的日常生活给这个星球及其居民带来的影响,并采取行动,改进我们的环境行为。// 尽管人们自古以来便对山岳怀有一种崇敬感,但如今仅靠这种崇敬之情已不足以维系脆弱的山岳生态系统从而造福人类了。我们当前面临的巨大挑战是如何为了我们的子孙后代而确保维护山岳生态系统的平衡。// 山是我们的水塔,也是能源生成的主要之地。山养育着依靠它生存的人们。山岳生态系统与低洼地区的生物密切相关,同时也与淡水和海洋密切相关。山岳中蕴藏着丰富的生物和多元的文化,是许多珍奇动、植物、和独特的语言及传统的发源地。// 可持续发展势在必行。我们必需将环境的各个方面与社会活动和经济发展结合起来,特别是在山区,这必须成为我们的共同目标。若不能实现可持续发展,便不能解决我们面对的各种问题。仅仅说我们已制订了保护大自然和自然资源的计划是远远不够的。//我们必须使人们有条件在这些地区生活和生存下去。为此,我们需要在当地创造就业机会,从而使年青一代有希望能留下来,而不是涌入大城市。山岳实际上是个宝库,储存着尚未被充分开发的、对可持续发展至关重要的经济潜力。这一点已得到里约地球首脑会议的认可。// 山岳对游客有着巨大的吸引力,但旅游业必须得到良好的管理,以最大限度地减少旅游业对山岳的敏感环境产生影响。我们的旅游从业人员将游客带到当地与当地居民接触并欣赏那里的自然景观,尊重必须成为游客和旅游从业人员的行为规范。//这种尊重包括付给当地居民合理的工资、尽可能使用当地的食品和物资,遵守当地的习俗、观念和传统。游客是造访他乡生态系统的客人,因此其行为举止应符合游客的身份。山岳作为一种资源其价值必须得到重视,当地山民应能从中得到实惠。旅游业的收益应在所有的利益相关者之间进行公平分配。// 今年是国际生态旅游年,大家应不遗余力地推动山岳生态旅游业的发展。对于某些社区和地区而言,发展可持续旅游业大可成为其努力实现可持续发展的第一步。我们希望,所有社会都将逐步建立起对山岳的尊重,进而产生投资山区的兴趣、努力保护这一独特的资产,并从中获益。// 值此世界环境日之际,让我们一道不仅为保护我们的山岳、而且还为保护海洋、陆地、水和空气而采取行动。让我们携起手来,给我们的地球一线生机。没有遭到污染的原始环境对于我们的生存至关重要,因为只有给地球留有生机,才能使这种宝贵的资源得以延续。// (联台国环境署前执行长官克劳斯?特普费尔在2002年6月5日世界环境日上的讲话“给地球一线生机”)

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