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(d) Wader has decided to close one of its overseas branches. A board meeting was held on 30 April 2007 when a

detailed formal plan was presented to the board. The plan was formalised and accepted at that meeting. Letters

were sent out to customers, suppliers and workers on 15 May 2007 and meetings were held prior to the year

end to determine the issues involved in the closure. The plan is to be implemented in June 2007. The company

wish to provide $8 million for the restructuring but are unsure as to whether this is permissible. Additionally there

was an issue raised at one of the meetings. The operations of the branch are to be moved to another country

from June 2007 but the operating lease on the present buildings of the branch is non-cancellable and runs for

another two years, until 31 May 2009. The annual rent of the buildings is $150,000 payable in arrears on

31 May and the lessor has offered to take a single payment of $270,000 on 31 May 2008 to settle the

outstanding amount owing and terminate the lease on that date. Wader has additionally obtained permission to

sublet the building at a rental of $100,000 per year, payable in advance on 1 June. The company needs advice

on how to treat the above under IAS37 ‘Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets’. (7 marks)

Required:

Discuss the accounting treatments of the above items in the financial statements for the year ended 31 May

2007.

Note: a discount rate of 5% should be used where necessary. Candidates should show suitable calculations where

necessary.

18 How should interest charged on partners’ drawings appear in partnership financial statements?

A As income in the income statement

B Added to net profit and charged to partners in the division of profit

C Deducted from net profit and charged to partners in the division of profit

D Deducted from net profit in the division of profit and credited to partners

4 At an academic conference, a debate took place on the implementation of corporate governance practices in

developing countries. Professor James West from North America argued that one of the key needs for developing

countries was to implement rigorous systems of corporate governance to underpin investor confidence in businesses

in those countries. If they did not, he warned, there would be no lasting economic growth as potential foreign inward

investors would be discouraged from investing.

In reply, Professor Amy Leroi, herself from a developing country, reported that many developing countries are

discussing these issues at governmental level. One issue, she said, was about whether to adopt a rules-based or a

principles-based approach. She pointed to evidence highlighting a reduced number of small and medium sized initial

public offerings in New York compared to significant growth in London. She suggested that this change could be

attributed to the costs of complying with Sarbanes-Oxley in the United States and that over-regulation would be the

last thing that a developing country would need. She concluded that a principles-based approach, such as in the

United Kingdom, was preferable for developing countries.

Professor Leroi drew attention to an important section of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act to illustrate her point. The key

requirement of that section was to externally report on – and have attested (verified) – internal controls. This was, she

argued, far too ambitious for small and medium companies that tended to dominate the economies of developing

countries.

Professor West countered by saying that whilst Sarbanes-Oxley may have had some problems, it remained the case

that it regulated corporate governance in the ‘largest and most successful economy in the world’. He said that rules

will sometimes be hard to follow but that is no reason to abandon them in favour of what he referred to as ‘softer’

approaches.

(a) There are arguments for both rules and principles-based approaches to corporate governance.

Required:

(i) Describe the essential features of a rules-based approach to corporate governance; (3 marks)