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全国英语等级考试（四级） 问题列表
问题
单选题What does the “great difficulty which hinders all the higher types of human effort” mean?A
Prolonged and fixed routine work in the apprenticeship period.B
The young employee’s seldom sees the president of the company.C
Universities’ failure to get young people ready for future work.D
Young men having to obey orders in the early stage of their work.
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单选题According to the text, Du Bois worked as all of the following EXCEPT ______.A
an editor.B
an educator.C
a scholar.D
an official.
问题
单选题Education for education’s sake was probably opposed by ______.A
scholars in the Renaissance periodB
Jill Kerr ConwayC
scholars in the Dark AgesD
Plato
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单选题It is Du Bois’s belief that ______.A
the blacks have a priority in terms of education.B
higher education should be free for all races.C
everyone has an equal right to education.D
development in education should be gradual.
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问答题Passage 4 Shortly after I began a career in business, I learned that Carl Weatherup, president of PepsiCo(百事可乐公司), was speaking at the University of Colorado. I tracked down the person handling his, schedule and managed to get myself an appointment. (1) ______ So there I was sitting outside the university’s auditorium, waiting for the president of PepsiCo. I could hear him talking to the students…and talking, and talking. (2)______ He was now five minutes over, which dropped my time with him down to 10 minutes. Decision time. I wrote a note on the back of my business card, reminding him that he had a meeting. “You have a meeting with Jeff Hoye at 2:30 pm.”I took a deep breath, pushed open the doors of the auditorium and walked straight up the middle aisle(过道) toward him as he talked. Mr. Weatherup stopped. (3)______ Just before I reached the door, I heard him tell the group that he was running late. He thanked them for their attention, wished them luck and walked out to where 1 was now sitting, holding my breath. He looked at the card and then at me. “Let me guess.” he said. “You’re Jeff.” He smiled. (4)______ He spent the next 30 minutes offering me his time, some wonderful stories that I still use, and an invitation to visit him and his group in New York. But what he gave me that I value the most was the encouragement to continue to do as I had done. (5)______ When things need to happen, you either have the nerve to act or you don’t.[A] I began breathing again and we grabbed(霸占) an office right there at school and closed the door.[B] As I sat listening to him, I knew that I could trust him, and that he deserved every bit of loyalty I could give to him.[C] I became alarmed：his talk wasn’t ending when it should have.[D] He said that it took nerve for me to interrupt him, and that nerve was the key to success in the business world.[E] I was told, however, that he was on a tight schedule and only had 15 minutes available after his talk to the business class.[F] I handed him the card then I turned and walked out the way I came.[G] I gradually lost my patience and thought that maybe I should give up.
问题
问答题Passage 1 (1)______ There is a tendency to see Japan as a harbinger of all that is doomed in the economies of the euro zone and America--even though figures released on November 14th show its economy grew by an annualised 6% in the third quarter, rebounding quickly from the March tsunami and nuclear disaster. Look dispassionately at Japan's economic performance over the past ten years, though, and "the second lost decade", if not the first, is a misnomer. Much of what tarnishes Japan's image is the result of demography—more than half its population is over 45—as well as its poor policy in dealing with it. (2)______ In aggregate, Japan's economy grew at half the pace of America's between 2001 and 2010. Yet if judged by growth in GDP per person over the same period, then Japan has outperformed America and the euro zone. In part this is because its population has shrunk whereas America's population has increased. Though growth in labour productivity fell slightly short of America's from 2000 to2008, total factor productivity, a measure of how a country uses capital and labour, grew faster, according to the Tokyo-based Asian Productivity Organisation. Japan's unemployment rate is higher than in 2000, yet it remains about half the level of America and Europe. Besides supposed stagnation, the two other curses of the Japanese economy are debt and deflation. Yet these also partly reflect demography and can be overstated. People often think of Japan as an indebted country. In fact, it is the world's biggest creditor nation, boasting 253 trillion ($3.3 trillion) in net foreign assets. To be sure, its government is a large debtor; its net debt as a share of GDP is one of the highest in the OECD. (3)______ Social security expenditure doubled as a share of GDP between 1990 and 2010 to pay rising pensions and health-care costs. Over the same period tax revenues have shrunk. (4)______ That gives it plenty of room to manoeuvre. Takatoshi Ito, an economist at the University of Tokyo, says increasing the consumption tax by 20 percentage points from its current 5%—putting it at the level of a high-tax European country—would raise 50 trillion and immediately wipe out Japan's fiscal deficit. That sounds draconian. But here again, demography plays a role. Officials say the elderly resist higher taxes or benefit cuts, and the young, who are in a minority, do not have the political power to push for what is in their long-term interest. David Weinstein, professor of Japanese economy at Columbia University in New York, says the elderly would rather give money to their children than pay it in taxes. Ultimately that may mean that benefits may shrink in the future. "If you want benefits to grow in line with income, as they are now, you need a massive increase in taxes of about10% of GDP," he says. (5)______ After all, falling prices give savers—most of whom are elderly—positive real yields even when nominal interest rates are close to zero. Up until now, holding government bonds has been a good bet. Domestic savers remain willing to roll them over, which enables the government to fund its deficits. Yet this comes at a cost to the rest of the economy. In short, Japan's economy works better for those middle-aged and older than it does for the young. But it is not yet in crisis, and economists say there is plenty it could do to raise its potential growth rate, as well as to lower its debt burden.[A] Falling tax revenues are a problem. The flip side, though, is that Japan has the lowest tax take of any country in the OECD, at just 17% of GDP.[B] Demography helps explain Japan's stubborn deflation, too, he says.[C] Even so, most Japanese have grown richer over the decade.[D] However, the public debt has been accrued not primarily through wasteful spending or "bridges to nowhere", but because of aging, says the IMF.[E] Young people also express their strong dissatisfaction towards economical injustice.[F] The Japanese say they suffer from an economic disease called “structural pessimism”. Overseas too,[G] In fact, the financial situation is not that bad during the last decade.
问题
单选题According to Paragraph 1, what has been unsettled about language learning is ______.A
the way of proving Penfield’s suggestions.B
the theoretical value of Penfield’s argument.C
the intensity of language training programs.D
the best age for second language learning.
问题
问答题Passage 2 They were, by far, the largest and most distant objects that scientists had ever detected: a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion light years from earth. (1) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. That was just about the moment that the universe was born. What the researchers found was at once both amazing and expected; the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Cosmic Background Explorer satellite—Cobe—had discovered landmark evidence that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion that has become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy). (2) The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos. According the theory, the universe burst into being as a submicroscopic, unimaginable dense knot of pure energy that flew outward in all directions, emitting radiation as it went, condensing into particles and then into atoms of gas. Over billions of years, the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies, stars, plants and eventually, even humans. Cobe is designed to see just the biggest structures, but astronomers would like to see much smaller hot spots as well, the seeds of local objects like clusters and superclusters of galaxies. They shouldn’t have long to wait. (3) Astrophysicists working with ground based detectors at the South Pole and balloon borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon. (4) If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory. Inflation says that very early on, the universe expanded in size by more than a trillion fold in much less than a second, propelled by a sort of antigravity. (5) Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.
问题
问答题Passage 2 Many scientists have wondered whether there is some quirk in the way depression is inherited, such as a depressed parent or grandparent is more likely to pass on a predisposition for the disorder to female than to male descendants. Based on studies that trace family histories of depression, the answer to that question appears to be no. (1)______ Simply tracing family histories, though, without considering environmental influences, might not offer a complete picture of how depression is inherited. Indeed, Kenneth S. Kendler and his colleagues at the Medical College of Virginia found in a study of 2060 female twins that genetics might contribute to how women respond to environmental pressures. The researchers examined twins with and without a family history of depression; some twins in both groups had recently undergone a trauma, such as the death of a loved one or a divorce. The investigators found that among the women who did not have a family history of depression, stressful events raised their risk for depression by only 6 percent. (2)______. A similar study has not been done in men, leaving open the question of whether environmental stress and genetic risk for depression interact similarly in both sexes. But research is being done, to determine whether men and women generally experience similar amounts and types of stress. Studies of key hormones hint that they do not. Hormones are not new to depression researchers. Many have wondered whether the gonadal steroids estrogen and progesterone--whose cyclic fluctuations in women regulate menstruation--might put women at a greater risk for depression. There are at least two ways in which they might do so. First, because of differences between theX and Y chromosomes, male and female brains are exposed to different hormonal milieus. (3)______. Indeed, animal experiments show that early hormonal influences have marked behavioral consequences later on, although the phenomenon is of course difficult to study in humans. Second, the fact that postpuberal men and women have different levels of circulating gonad steroids might somehow pull women at higher risk for depression. Research shows girls become more susceptible to depression than boys only after puberty, when they begin menstruating and experience hormonal fluxes. (4)______. For example, Peter J. Schmidt and David R. Rubinow of the National Institute of Mental Health recently reported that manipulations of estrogen and progesterone did not affect mood, except in women who suffer from severe premenstrual mood changes. It now appears, however, that estrogen might set the stage for depression indirectly by priming the body's stress response. During stressful times, the adrenal glands--which sit on top of the kidneys and are controlled by the pituitary gland in the brain--secrete higher levels of a hormone called cortical, which increases the activity of the body's metabolic and immune systems, among others: (5)______. Evidence is emerging that estrogen might not only increase cortical secretion but also decrease mortise’s ability to shut down its own secretion. The result might be a stress response that is not only more pronounced but also longer-lasting in women than in men.[A] But the same risk rose almost 14 percent among the women who did have a family history of depression. In other words, these women had seemingly inherited the propensity to become depressed in the wake of crises.[B] To figure out why depression is more common among women, scientists have to study how genetics and environment divide the sexes and how the two conspire to produce the symptoms we describe as depression.[C] In the normal course of events, stress increases cortical secretion, but these elevated levels have a negative feedback effect on the pituitary, so that cortical levels gradually return to normal;[D] Despite their importance, estrogen and cortical are not the only hormones involved in female depression, medium stress is not the only environmental influence that might hold more sway over women than men.[E] These hormonal differences may affect brain development so that men and women have different vulnerabilities and different physiological reactions to environmental stresses later in life.[F] Even so, scientists have never been able to establish a direct relation between emotional states and levels of estrogen and progesterone in the blood of women.[G] Women and men with similar heritage seem equally likely to develop disorder.
问题
单选题It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ______.A
many blacks are prepared for leadership.B
Du Bois was in favor of “elite education” for blacks.C
Washington and Du Bois had never been friends.D
only the top 10 percent are worth educating.
问题
单选题It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that human society will become increasingly ______.A
worried about life on other planets.B
dependent on space tourism.C
accustomed to long-distance flights.D
associated with space exploration.
问题
单选题The second paragraph implies that the author is for ______.A
the offering of the course “religious doctrines”.B
a reconsideration of the obligations of universities to society.C
neutrality in value judgment in higher education.D
moral inspection of the staff and the courses they offer.
问题
单选题Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the author’s discussion of the role of political knowledge in the formation of political ideology during adolescence?A
He acknowledges its importance, but then modifies his initial assertion of that importance.B
He consistently resists the idea that it is important, using series of examples to support his stand.C
He wavers in evaluating it and finally uses analogies to explain why he is indecisive.D
He takes care not to make an initial judgment about it, but later confirms its critical role.
问题
单选题It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if ______.A
price of crude risesB
commodity prices riseC
consumption risesD
oil taxes rise
问题
单选题It can be inferred from the text that prior to 1960 ______.A
only two scientists studied psycholinguistics.B
psycholinguistics enjoyed little popularity.C
Montreal was the center of psychological studies.D
most studies focused on psychology of learning.