单选题According to the passage, lack of sleep for a long while can probably lead to all of the following EXCEPT _____.A heart diseaseB weight gainC diabetesD liver disease

考题 What is not the recommended kind of email address or screen name according to the passage?A、long name with different letters.B、A long name with different numbers.C、A name with the combination of letters and numbers.D、A name with unusual symbols.

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考题 During sleep, the fatigue (疲劳) of the body disappears and recuperation ( 恢复) begins. The tired mind gathers new energy. Once awake, the memory improves, and annoyance and problems are seen in a better perspective.Some adults require little sleep; others need eight to ten hours in every twenty-four. Infants sleep sixteen to eighteen hours daily and, as they grow older, the amount gradually diminishes. Young students may need twelve hours; university students may need ten. A worker with a physically demanding job may also need ten, whereas an executive worker under great pressure may manage on six to eight. Many famous people are reputed to have required little sleep. Napoleon, Thomas Edison and Charles Darwin apparently averaged only four to six hours a night.Whatever your individual need, you can be sure that by the age of thirty you will have slept for a total of more than twelve years. By that age you will also have developed a sleep routine: a favorite hour, a favorite bed, a favorite position, and a formula you need to follow in order to rest comfortably. Investigators have tried to find out how long a person can go without sleep. Several people have reached more than 115 hours ?nearly five days, whereas animals kept awake for from five to eight days have died of exhaustion. The limit for human beings is probably about a week.1、The writer implies that _________A、sleep is important for good mental and physical healthB、a light sleep is as restful as a deep sleepC、memory is improved during sleepD、sleep is relatively unimportant for human beings2、From the amount of sleep Napoleon, Edison and Darwin required, we can infer that_______.A、they were famous great menB、 they were executive workersC、 they were intelligent peopleD、 they were involved in mentally demanding work3、The amount of sleep required ________.A、varies greatly from individual to individualB、 depends on an individual''s ageC、 relates to an individual''s occupationD、 all of the above.4、According to the passage, the sleeping routine will be built at the age of _________.A、10B、20C、30D、405、From animal experiments, we can conclude that the final result of the lack of sleep is probably _________A、mental illnessB、mental breakdownC、susceptibility to illnessD、death

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考题 According to the passage, ______ can eliminate bank cheeks and the subsequent work.A．credit cardsB．some sophisticated equipmentC．computersD．a device of electronic transfer of funds

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考题 He will do anything()he can earn money. A、as far asB、as long asC、in caseD、while

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考题 Reading ComprehensionDirections:There are two passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statemerits. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Questions 56-60 are based on Passage One:Passage OneA recent study indicates that the “short sleepers”had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 0r so, the men voluntarily began cutting clown their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.In general, these“short sleepers”appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful,conformist in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often heldseveral jobs at once, or work full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them hada strong urge to appear “normal”or “acceptable” to their friends and associates , When asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers”did poorly. More than this,they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble woula go away.The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic.The“long sleepers”were quite different indeed. According to the study, these young men had lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers”。Many of the“long sleepers” were shy, anxious, introverted, inhibited, passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves (particularly in social situations). Several openly state that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.According to the study, ( ).A. many short sleepers need less sleep by natureB. many short sleepers are obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time because they are busy with their workC. long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the dayD. many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood

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考题 Which of the following is NOT included in the passage? ( )A. If one sleeps inadequately, his performance suffers and his memory is weakened.B. The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the same as those shown by many mental patients.C. Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleep.D. Short sleepers would be better off with more rest.

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考题 According to the passage, which of the following can NOT be typed into the same category?A． CloudB． SheepC． TreesD． Goose

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考题 According to the passage，the major disadvantage of newspapers in its_______A．high costB．lack of changesC．slow speedD．lack of interaction

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考题 According to the passage we can see that Chinese people think of the pig as a ______animal.A. cleverB. richC. goodD. all the above

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考题 According to the last paragraph, the fourth way is "of a different kind" because（）[A] the first three ways can increase the water supply, while the fourth one can't[B] the first three ways can make a better use of water, while the fourth one can't[C] the first three ways is technology-based, while the fourth one is market-based[D] the first three ways can't balance the supply and demand of water, while the fourth one can

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考题 According to tile passage, language learners can reduce the number of their mistakes by ______.A. asking native speakers for explanationsB. reading good books in the foreign languageC. comparing their speech with that of native speakersD. paying no attention to them while speaking

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考题共用题干第二篇Sleep Necessary for MemoriesBurning the midnight oil before an exam or interview does harm to the performance according to a recent research which found that sleep is necessary for memories to be taken back into the brain.A good night's sleep within 30 hours of trying to remember a new task is a required condition of having good recall in the weeks ahead,scientists have found.The research,published in the December issue of Nature Neuroscience,showed that it was the act of sleep,rather than the simple passage of time,that was critical for long-term memory formation."We think that getting that first night's sleep starts the process of memory consolidation （巩固）,"said Robert Stickgold , a sleep researcher at Harvard Medical School who conducted the latest study."It seems that memories normally wash out of the brain unless some process nails them down.My suspicion is that sleep is one of those things that does the nailing down," Professor Stickgold said.With about one in five people claiming that they are so chronically short of sleep that it affects their daily activities,the latest work emphasizes the less well-understood side effect-serious memory impairment（损害）.Volunteers in an experiment found it easier to remember a memory task if they were allowed to sleep that night.But for those kept awake,no amount of subsequent sleep made up for the initial loss.Professor Stickgold's team trained 24 people to identify the direction of three diagonal （斜线形的）bars flashed for a sixtieth of a second on a computer screen full of horizontal （水平的）stripes.Half of the subjects were kept awake that night,while the others slept.Both groups were allowed to sleep for the second and third nights to make up for any differences in tiredness between the volunteers.Those who slept the first night were significantly and consistently better at remembering the task while the second group showed no improvement despite enjoying two nights of catch-up sleep. The research published in Nature Neuroscience showed that what was essential to the formation of long-term memory wasA:intelligence. B:time.C:food. D:sleep.

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考题共用题干第二篇Sleep Necessary for MemoriesBurning the midnight oil before an exam or interview does harm to the performance according to a recent research which found that sleep is necessary for memories to be taken back into the brain.A good night's sleep within 30 hours of trying to remember a new task is a required condition of having good recall in the weeks ahead,scientists have found.The research,published in the December issue of Nature Neuroscience,showed that it was the act of sleep,rather than the simple passage of time,that was critical for long-term memory formation."We think that getting that first night's sleep starts the process of memory consolidation （巩固）,"said Robert Stickgold , a sleep researcher at Harvard Medical School who conducted the latest study."It seems that memories normally wash out of the brain unless some process nails them down.My suspicion is that sleep is one of those things that does the nailing down," Professor Stickgold said.With about one in five people claiming that they are so chronically short of sleep that it affects their daily activities,the latest work emphasizes the less well-understood side effect-serious memory impairment（损害）.Volunteers in an experiment found it easier to remember a memory task if they were allowed to sleep that night.But for those kept awake,no amount of subsequent sleep made up for the initial loss.Professor Stickgold's team trained 24 people to identify the direction of three diagonal （斜线形的）bars flashed for a sixtieth of a second on a computer screen full of horizontal （水平的）stripes.Half of the subjects were kept awake that night,while the others slept.Both groups were allowed to sleep for the second and third nights to make up for any differences in tiredness between the volunteers.Those who slept the first night were significantly and consistently better at remembering the task while the second group showed no improvement despite enjoying two nights of catch-up sleep. Stickgold's research focused on the side effect produced byA:memory impairment. B:lack of sleep.C:low work efficiency. D:memory recall.

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考题根据下面资料，回答题 I′ve often wondered how exactly sleep, or lack of it, can have such an awful effect on our bodies and, guess what, how much we sleep switches good genes on and bad genes off. In the first half of 2013, the Sleep Research Centre at the University of Surrey found a direct link between hours spent sleeping and genes. Every cell in our bodies carries genetic instructions in our DNA that act as a kind of operating handbook. However, each cell only "reads" the part of this handbook it needs at any given moment. Can sleep affect how a gene reads instructions It′s a question asked by Professor Derk-Jan Dijk at the University of Surrey. He set up an experiment and asked his volunteers to spend a week sleeping around seven and a half hours to eight hours a night and the next sleeping six and a half to seven hours. Blood samples were taken each week to compare which genes in blood cells were being used during the long and short nights. The results were rather surprising. Several hundred genes changed in the amount they were being used, including some that are linked to heart disease, cancer, and Type 2 diabetes. Genes to do with cell repair and replacement were used much less. Sleep restriction (six and a half to seven hours a night) changed 380 genes. Of these,220 genes were down regulated (their power was reduced), while 160 were up regulated (their power was increased). Those affected included body-clock genes which are linked to diabetes. One of the most downgraded genes is that which has a role in controlling insulin and is linked to diabetes and insomnia. The most upgraded gene is linked to heart disease. So changing sleep by tiny amounts can upgrade or downgrade genes that can influence our health and the diseases we suffer from when we sleep too little. The important message is that getting close to eight hours of sleep a night can make a dramatic difference to our health in just a few days through the way it looks after our genes. What kind of relation is directly discussed in the passage 查看材料A.Sleeping hours and changes of genes. B.Sleeping hours and diseases. C.Changes of genes and diseases. D.Genes and health.

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考题 Offering expert advice B. Conducting research C. Managing property D. Building private homes Questions80-84 refer to the following advertisement. We all know that lack of sleep affects our memory, along with other cognitive abilities. Sittingin the office, sleep deprived, it’s difficult to remember your own name, let along theever-lengthening to-do list. But now new research shows that not getting enough sleep increases the chances your mind will actually create false memories. The study, published in Psychological Science, allowed one group of participants to get a full night’s sleep, while another had to stay up all night. In the morning they were given a series of photos that were supposed to show a crime being committed. Next, both groups were given some eyewitness statements about the crime. Like many witness statements in real-life crimes, the details were different to those shown in the photographs. For example, in one instance the photo showed a thief putting a wallet in his jacket, but in the witness statement it said he put it in his pants （that’s ‘trousers’ for British people, not his underwear!）. Afterwards, they were asked what they had seen in the original photographs. The results showed that those who’d missed out on their sleep were the most likely to regurgitate the false eyewitness statements they’d just read, rather than remembering the ‘true’ crime-scene photos they’d been shown moments beforehand. The lack of sleep had messed with their heads to the extent that all the evidence — right and wrong — had got mixed up. One of the study’s authors, Kimberly Fenn, said:” People who repeatedly get low amounts of sleep every night could be more prone in the long run to develop these forms of memory distortion. It’s not just a full night of sleep deprivation that puts them at risk.” Indeed, a preliminary study they carried out found that getting just five hours sleep was enough to cause people to start manufacturing false memories. Which of the following statements is true according the article? A. A full night of sleep deprivation outs people on the risk of false memory B. Deprivation of sleep fails to have impact on the ability to memorize list C. Short-term lack of sleep is more likely to result in memory distortion D. Your own name will not escape you no matter how long you sleep

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考题单选题According to the passage, the Earth’s magnetic field has _____.A begun to change in the opposite directionB been weakening in strength for a long timeC caused the changes on the polaritiesD misguided many a man and animal

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考题单选题According to the passage, poor sleep can be linked to all of the following EXCEPT ______.A heart diseaseB car accidentsC skin problemsD poor concentration

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考题单选题According to the passage, lack of sleep for a long while can probably lead to all of the following EXCEPT _____.A heart diseaseB weight gainC diabetesD liver disease

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考题单选题According to the passage, we know ______.A graffiti can make the buildings look coolB the person who collects rubbish cart get a giftC we can plant trees to improve the environment

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考题单选题Which of the following can be the title for the passage?A How to Ask Ways While TravelingB How to Shop in a Foreign CountryC Protect Your Personal InformationD Stay Safe While Traveling Abroad

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考题单选题Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A Politicians are obsessed with inputs and outputs, targets and controls.B short-termism leads to the pursuit of immediate and quantifiable measurements.C Center-right political parties have long focused on the increase of GDP.D The cause of building GWB can be led by the center-left political parties.

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考题单选题According to the passage, people have difficulty getting to sleep because ______.A they work more than sixty hours a weekB they have too many enemiesC they do not sleep happilyD they are not tired enough

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考题单选题Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A Natural disasters can account for disappearance of languages.B The acceleration of language death didn’t start until 200 years ago.C The study is conducted with the financial support of UNESCO.D The language of Ainu was long neglected before the late l980s.

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考题单选题According to the passage, it is now quite usual for women to______.A stay at home after leaving schoolB marry men younger than themselvesC start working again later in lifeD marry while still at school

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考题单选题Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A We will be in trouble if our fat cells become less responsive to insulin.B More and more studies are done to study the link between sleep and weight.C More than 20% of Americans are not getting enough sleep.D Fat cells are there to help us maintain a good health.

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考题单选题According to the passage, some doctors recommend that night-shift workers should _____.A have frequent visits and phone callsB improve their family relationshipC have two smaller sleep periodsD rely mainly on light therapy

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考题填空题According to the passage, what happens to those who exercise regularly?They can eat more, and still lose a large amount of ____.

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考题单选题According to the passage, what have some school done to help their students get enough sleep?A Educating their students about the importance of sleep.B Monitoring their students' late-night activities.C Delaying school start times.D Setting strict rules.

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