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材料：
By inserting in bills of lading such clauses as to state that the voyage or time charterer is not a party to the contract of carriage and is thus not a“carrier” within the meaning of the relevant national legislation or international conventions，time and voyage charterers purport to deny any liability under the contract of carriage，despite the reality of their involvement in the loading，discharging and trimming of the cargo，in choosing the ship&39;s route，in hiring the stevedores，and in many other facets of the ship&39;s operation．
Such clauses are effectively non-responsibility clauses which contravene the mandatory nature and public order of the Hague/Visby Rules，the Hamburg Rules，which state that any clauses relieving or excluding the carrier from liability under a contract of carriage shall be null and void and of no effect．This position has been generally accepted by the courts of continental and civilian European countries，which have rightly viewed such clauses with suspicion as illegal attempts by charterers to avoid their liability and evade the mandatory application of the international conventions．
问题：
The inserted clauses that state the voyage or time charterer is not a party to the contract of carriage are ________．
A.effective
B.within the meaning of Hague/Visby Rules and the Hamburg Rules
C.null and void and of no effect
D.compulsory
According to the passage，the clauses mentioned above are ________．A.against the mandatory nature and public order of the Hague/Visby Rules and the Hamburg Rules
B.ineffectively non-responsibility clauses
C.prepared by the courts of continental and civilian European countries
D.guidance for the operations of loading，discharging and trimming of the cargo
“This position”refers to ________．A.the tendency of the courts of continental and civilian European countries to deny the attempts by charterers to avoid their liability in the carriage of GOODs by sea
B.the consideration of the courts of continental and civilian European countries to accept the charterers' liability
C.the consideration of of the charterers to evade the mandatory application of the international conventions
D.the illegal attempts by charterers to avoid their liability and evade the mandatory application of the international conventions
The effectively non-responsibility clauses ________．A.are suspected to be illegal
B.are mandatory application of the international conventions
C.have many facets of the ship's operation
D.have been excluded in continental and civilian European countries
请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！
参考答案
更多 “ 材料：By inserting in bills of lading such clauses as to state that the voyage or time charterer is not a party to the contract of carriage and is thus not a“carrier” within the meaning of the relevant national legislation or international conventions，time and voyage charterers purport to deny any liability under the contract of carriage，despite the reality of their involvement in the loading，discharging and trimming of the cargo，in choosing the ships route，in hiring the stevedores，and in many other facets of the ships operation．Such clauses are effectively non-responsibility clauses which contravene the mandatory nature and public order of the Hague/Visby Rules，the Hamburg Rules，which state that any clauses relieving or excluding the carrier from liability under a contract of carriage shall be null and void and of no effect．This position has been generally accepted by the courts of continental and civilian European countries，which have rightly viewed such clauses with suspicion as illegal attempts by charterers to avoid their liability and evade the mandatory application of the international conventions．问题：The inserted clauses that state the voyage or time charterer is not a party to the contract of carriage are ________．A.effectiveB.within the meaning of Hague/Visby Rules and the Hamburg RulesC.null and void and of no effectD.compulsoryAccording to the passage，the clauses mentioned above are ________．A.against the mandatory nature and public order of the Hague/Visby Rules and the Hamburg RulesB.ineffectively non-responsibility clausesC.prepared by the courts of continental and civilian European countriesD.guidance for the operations of loading，discharging and trimming of the cargo“This position”refers to ________．A.the tendency of the courts of continental and civilian European countries to deny the attempts by charterers to avoid their liability in the carriage of GOODs by seaB.the consideration of the courts of continental and civilian European countries to accept the charterers' liabilityC.the consideration of of the charterers to evade the mandatory application of the international conventionsD.the illegal attempts by charterers to avoid their liability and evade the mandatory application of the international conventionsThe effectively non-responsibility clauses ________．A.are suspected to be illegalB.are mandatory application of the international conventionsC.have many facets of the ship's operationD.have been excluded in continental and civilian European countries请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！ ” 相关考题
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听力原文：M: Could you tell me what specific document you will provide?W: Together with the draft, we'll also send you a complete set of bills of lading, an invoice, an export license, an insurance policy, a certificate of origin, and a certificate of inspection.Q: What document the woman did not mention?(14)A．Bills of lading.B．Consular invoice.C．Insurance policy.D．Certificate of origin.
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The time of voyage insurance with cargo on board will，in accordance with PICC Clauses， commence from the time of ________ ．A.unmooring at port of sailingB.weighing anchor at port of sailingC.loading at port of sailingD.sailing from port of sailing
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If a chartered ship is prevented from，or delayed in，getting to the loading port by peril excepted during the voyage，the exception clauses ______.A.applyB.complyC.supplyD.reply
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As in the case of a voyage charter-party，it is implied in the bill of lading that the voyage must be prosecuted with ______.A.operational customB.rational practiceC.due diligenceD.reasonable despatch
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In time charter-party，______ is to indemnify the owners against all consequences or liabilities arising from the master signing bills of lading or otherwise complying with such orders．A.the carrierB.the shipperC.the ChartererD.the merchant
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As in the case of a voyage charter-party，it is implied in all bills of lading that ______ will be made from the contractual route unless such deviation is justified．A.deviationB.no deviationC.navigationD.no navigation
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One of the signed bills of lading is accomplished，the others shall ______.A.be returned to the shipperB.stand voidC.be accomplished by other contractD.be obtained and destroyed by the Shipowner
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In the case of the leading marks，the master may ______ to show these in the bill of lading if the goods or their containers are not clearly marked in such a manner as should ordinarily remain legible until the end of the voyage．A.confuseB.excuseC.defuseD.refuse
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材料：Failing to identify pre-shipment damage and neglecting to make appropriate notations on bills of lading will deprive the carrier of his rights，limitations and immunities under the contract of carriage and may prejudice Club cover．Assertions are sometimes made by cargo interests that rust on a particular shipment is normal and will not affect its market value．Such comments should be disregarded.In all cases where a steel cargo is found to be rusty，it is imperative that remarks are made on the bills of lading，irrespective of the apparent severity of the rust．The bills of lading should also be claused to reflect any physical pre-shipment damage to the steel and/or wrappers（bends，tears，crimps，dents，deformation，crushing）．Selecting the most appropriate clauses to describe pre-shipment damage is not always easy，and the attending surveyor should be consulted for advice． Where possible，the clausing should list the identification marks of the damaged GOODs，failing which the number of coils or packages should be quantified.Percentage estimates regarding the number of damaged pieces should not be given．If it is not possible to identify the damaged GOODs specifically，the words“some”or“several”may be acceptable．Any differences found between the ship and shore tally or ship and bill of lading figures must be noted on the bill of lading in the usual manner．问题：The clausing on B/L is to reflect and make notation of ________ the cargoes and/or their wrappers．A.all damages incurred during the carriage by sea toB.all possible damages to and/or losses ofC.physical pre-shipment damages toD.pre-shipment damages toThe proper topic of this paragraph is ________．A.The Principles for Clausing on Bills of LadingB.Losses of and Damages to Steel CargoesC.Legal Actions to Be Taken When Losses of and Damages to Cargoes IncurredD.The Functions of Clauses Made on Bills of LadingThe pre-shipment rusts for which there are assertions made by cargo interests that they are normal and would not affect the cargo's market value shall ________．A.be claused on the Bill of LadingB.not be claused on the Bill of LadingC.be disregardedD.not be disregardedThis paragraph is most likely compiled to protect the interests of ________．A.the carriersB.the shippersC.the merchantsD.the cargo owners请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！
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材料：When a clean bill of lading has been issued，estoppel arises or，in other words，the carrier is prevented from proving，as against a third party relying on the clean bill of lading，that there was any thing wrong．In the case of inherent vice，however，which is a natural defect in the thing shipped，the carrier is not estopped by his clean bill of lading，because a clean bill of lading，in stating that a certain cargo is on board，gives sufficient notice that this cargo，in the natural course of events，may have certain qualities or defects which all similar cargo normally has．For example，a cargo of flour will shrink slightly，and this fact does not have to be noted on the face of the bill of lading．Similarly，where cargo is unfit to withstand the ordinary incidents of the contractual voyage contemplated by the parties，owing to some inherent vice or hidden defect presented within it，the carrier is not estopped by the clean bill of lading from asserting the inherent defect exception，provided that the damage has not been aggravated by any conduct of the carrier or those for whom he is responsible．The carrier issuing a clean bill of lading is only bound by his statements as to the outward condition of the cargo and is therefore not estopped from proving inherent vice or hidden defect when that vice or defect was not apparent at the time of shipment．In other words，a clean bill of lading does not necessarily fulfill the shippers burden of proof in respect to inherent vice or hidden defect．问题：The slight shrinkage of flour is ________．A.an inherent defect of the cargoB.a damage which is always aggravated by the conduct of carrierC.a vice or defect which should be noted on face of B/L due to the fact that it is not apparent at the time of shipmentD.an outward condition of the cargoThe carrier issuing a clean bill of lading will only be bound by ________．A.any thing wrong in the natural course of eventsB.the conduct of the carrier or those for whom he is responsibleC.inherent vice or hidden defect presented within the cargoD.the apparent order and condition of the cargoOf the following，________ in the cargo shipped on board his vessel should be considered as a thing that will give rise to estoppel on the part of the carrier．A.ordinary incidentB.hidden defectC.inherent viceD.inherent defectIt is concluded that on issuing a clean bill of lading，the carrier ________．A.indicates that the cargo is unfit to withstand the ordinary incidents of the contractual voyage contemplated by the partiesB.gives sufficient notice that this cargo has no defects which all similar cargo normally hasC.will be prevented from proving there is any natural defect in the thing shippedD.will not be estopped from proving inherent vice or hidden defect when that vice or defect was not apparent at the time of shipment请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！
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翻译：The charterer shall indemnify the Owners against all consequences or liabilities that mayarise from the signing of bills of lading as presented to the extent that the terms or contents of such bills of lading impose or results in the imposition of more onerous liabilities upon the Owners than those assured by the Owners under this charter party
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翻译：all bills of lading issued under this charter party shall be endorsed“the printed clauses of the bill of lading shall stand null and void of they are not in conformity with the charter party.”
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There are several forms of bills of lading such as straight bill of lading， shipped bill of lading， clean bill of lading and order bill of lading etc.（）confirms that the goods are actually loaded on board the vessel.A、Straight bill of ladingB、Shipped bill of ladingC、Clean bill of ladingD、Order bill of lading
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When one of the original bills of lading being surrendered to the carrier， the others become （）.A、invalidB、validC、cleanD、dirty
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Shipped bills of lading state definitely that the goods have been loaded.They confirm that the goods are actually on board the vessels.
考题
单选题Experience shows that where signs of rust on steel shipments are apparent at the time of shipment，Mates-Receipts and Bills of Lading need not necessarily in all cases be（）with the single word “rusty”.A
clausedB
wordedC
givenD
written
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单选题In respect of the carrier’s liabilities，responsibilities，the rights and immunities in China Ocean Shipping Company Bill of Lading Clauses，（）shall be applied.A
Hague RulesB
Peking Adjustment RulesC
SINOTIMED
BALTIME
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单选题In time charter-party，（）is to indemnify the owners against all consequences or liabilities arising from the master signing bills of lading or otherwise complying with such orders.A
the carrierB
the shipperC
the ChartererD
the merchant
考题
问答题翻译：The charterer shall indemnify the Owners against all consequences or liabilities that mayarise from the signing of bills of lading as presented to the extent that the terms or contents of such bills of lading impose or results in the imposition of more onerous liabilities upon the Owners than those assured by the Owners under this charter party
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判断题Shipped bills of lading state definitely that the goods have been loaded.They confirm that the goods are actually on board the vessels.A
对B
错
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单选题As in the case of a voyage charter-party，it is implied in all bills of lading that（）will be made from the contractual route unless such deviation is justified.A
deviationB
no deviationC
navigationD
no navigation
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问答题翻译：all bills of lading issued under this charter party shall be endorsed“the printed clauses of the bill of lading shall stand null and void of they are not in conformity with the charter party.”
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单选题One of the signed bills of lading is accomplished，the others shall（）.A
be returned to the shipperB
stand voidC
be accomplished by other contractD
be obtained and destroyed by the Shipowner
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单选题As in the case of a voyage charter-party，it is implied in the bill of lading that the voyage must be prosecuted with（）.A
operational customB
rational practiceC
due diligenceD
reasonable despatch
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单选题If a chartered ship is prevented from，or delayed in，getting to the loading port by peril excepted during the voyage，the exception clauses（）.A
applyB
complyC
supplyD
reply
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单选题The Shipowner’s right of the lien can（）against all goods consigned to the same person on the same voyage，even under different bills of lading，but not against goods on different voyages under different contracts.A
takenB
be exercisedC
be doneD
be had
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