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E Humans are naturally drawn to other life forms and the worlds outside of our own. We take delight in the existence of creatures and even whole socicties beyond our everyday lives.
This sense of wonder is universal look at the efforts that scientists have made to find out whether life of some kind exists on Mars, and the popularity of fantasy(幻想) litcrature or movies like The lord of the Rings, This sense of wonder drous us to each other, to the world around us, and to the world of make-believe. But have we gone to far in creating worlds of fantasy that we are missing the phcasure of other worlds that alrewly exist all around us?
Human beings, as biologists have suggested, possess an inborn desire to connect with and understand other life forms, However, people, especially in big cities, often lead rather isolated lices. In a study of British schoolchildren, it was found that children bye age eight were much more familiar with hurmans for television shows and cideo games than with common wildlife. Without modern technology ,a amall pond could be an amazing world filled with strange and beautiful plants, insects,birds,and animals. When we lack meaningful interaction (交互) with the world around us, and sometimes ecen with our families and friends , we seek to understand and communicate with things that exist only in our imaginations or on a computer screen
The world of make-believe is not neccsanly bad, But when the world of famsity becomes the only outlet (出路) our sense of wonder ,then we are really missing something, We are missing a connection with the living world. Other wonderful worderful worlds exist all around us. But even more interesting is that if we look closely enough ,we can see that these worlds, in a broad sense , are really part of our own.
第72题：The popularity of The Lord of the rings proves
A.the close connestion between man and the fantasy world
B.the wonderful achievements of fantasy literature
C.the fine taste of moviegoers around the world
D.the general existence of the sense of curiosity
参考答案
更多 “ E Humans are naturally drawn to other life forms and the worlds outside of our own. We take delight in the existence of creatures and even whole socicties beyond our everyday lives.This sense of wonder is universal look at the efforts that scientists have made to find out whether life of some kind exists on Mars, and the popularity of fantasy(幻想) litcrature or movies like The lord of the Rings, This sense of wonder drous us to each other, to the world around us, and to the world of make-believe. But have we gone to far in creating worlds of fantasy that we are missing the phcasure of other worlds that alrewly exist all around us?Human beings, as biologists have suggested, possess an inborn desire to connect with and understand other life forms, However, people, especially in big cities, often lead rather isolated lices. In a study of British schoolchildren, it was found that children bye age eight were much more familiar with hurmans for television shows and cideo games than with common wildlife. Without modern technology ,a amall pond could be an amazing world filled with strange and beautiful plants, insects,birds,and animals. When we lack meaningful interaction (交互) with the world around us, and sometimes ecen with our families and friends , we seek to understand and communicate with things that exist only in our imaginations or on a computer screenThe world of make-believe is not neccsanly bad, But when the world of famsity becomes the only outlet (出路) our sense of wonder ,then we are really missing something, We are missing a connection with the living world. Other wonderful worderful worlds exist all around us. But even more interesting is that if we look closely enough ,we can see that these worlds, in a broad sense , are really part of our own.第72题：The popularity of The Lord of the rings provesA.the close connestion between man and the fantasy worldB.the wonderful achievements of fantasy literatureC.the fine taste of moviegoers around the worldD.the general existence of the sense of curiosity ” 相关考题
考题
Our dream is the song of our soul. Life without one is reduced to a hollow existence. But life with a dream is filled with meaning and purpose.Most of us have a dream, or heart's desire. But the trouble is most of us have the on/off switch of our dream set to OFF. Whenever we say, I can’t, we set the switch to OFF. Whenever we believe we can, we set the switch to ON. Simple, isn't it? Just because I believe I can do something doesn't mean there won’t be any problems. But once I believe I can do it, I will seek solutions for every problem I stumble on. And since it is a law of life that we find what we look for, if I look for solutions, I will find them.Any worthy dream is a dream worthy of accomplishing. Once I realize I can do it, the next step is to make a commitment. As soon as we make a commitment, great power is released. What seemingly were insurmountable hurdles are now reduced to obstacles of laughable insignificance. But we won’t reach this stage until we decide to stop talking and start acting. Unless we commit ourselves, self-doubt will ferment and block our way.Our dreams don’t have to be grand to be great. An aunt of mine sold gloves in a department store for most of her life. Her dream was to be the friendliest and most helpful salesperson around. Year after year, the same customers would return and deliberately seek her out. She brightened everyone's day and touched the lives of thousands. Was her dream any less significant than that of aprominent person? Of course not. We all have the power to follow a dream that will make a difference to us and those we meet.No dream is too small; no dream is too big, so hold on to your dream. Langston Hughes tells why, Hold fast to dreams, for if dreams die, life is a broken-winged bird that cannot fly.So,what are you waiting for? Follow your dream!(1)According to the author, dreams ___________.A、refer to dreams in our sleepB、refer to dreams in the daytimeC、gives meaning and purpose to our lifeD、enables life to be a hollow existence(2)What are the stages in following a dream?A、Setting the switch of our dream on, making a commitment, and releasing the power.B、Setting the switch of our dream on, committing ourselves, and following the dream.C、Believing we can do it, committing ourselves, and acting.D、Believing we can do it, acting and making a commitment.(3)What does the dream of the author's aunt illustrate?A、To illustrate we should commit ourselves and start acting.B、To illustrate our dreams don’t have to be grand to be great.C、To illustrate her dream was to be the friendliest and most helpful salesperson.D、To illustrate we all have the power to follow a dream.(4)Which of the following statements is NOT true?A、Whether the switch of your dream is ON or OFF is left entirely to yourself.B、If we believe we can do it, there won’t be any problems.C、We will find what we look for.D、The author's aunt's dream was not any less significant than that of a prominent person.(5)The passage mainly tells us that __________.A、a dream gives meaning and purpose to our life.B、if dreams die, life will become meaningless.C、we should follow our dream which will make a difference to us and other people.D、a worthy dream is a dream worthy of accomplishing.
考题
I wonder whether our life()considerably by 2010.
A、will changeB、will be changingC、will have to changeD、will have changed
考题
The human body has developed its millions of nerves to be highly aware of what goes on both inside and outside of it. This helps us aajust to the outside world. Without our nerves and our brain, which is a system of nerves, we couldn’t know what’s happening. But we pay for our sensitivity. We can feel pain when the slightest thing is wrong with any part of our body. The history of torture is based on the human body being open to pain. But there is a way to handle pain. Look at the Indian fakir (苦行僧) who sits on a bed of nails. Fakirs can put a needle right through an arm, and feel no pain. This ability that some humans have developed to handle pain should give us ideas about how the mind can deal with pain. The big thing in withstanding pain is our attitude toward it. If the dentist says, “This will hurts a little,” it helps us to accept the pain. By staying relaxed, and by treating the pain as an interesting sensation, we can handle the pain without falling apart. After all, although pain is an unpleasant sensation, it is still a sensafion, and sensations are the stuff of life. [共5题]1.The human body has developed a system of nerves that enables us to ________.A.stay relaxedB.avoid painC.stand tortureD.feel pain2.What does the writer mean by saying “we pay for our sensitivity” in Para.1?A.We have to take care of our sense of pain.B.We suffer from our sense of feeling.C.We should try hard to resist pain.D.We are hurt when we feel pain.3.When the author mentions the Indian fakir, he shows that ________.A.fakirs possess magic powerB.Indians are not afraid of painC.people can learn to cope with painD.some people are born without a sense of pain4.What is essential for people to stand pain according to the writer?A.Their relaxation.B.Their interest.C.Their nerves.D.Their attitude.5.The author believes that ________.A.feeling pain is part of our lifeB.pain should be avoided at all costsC.feeling pain can be an interesting thingD.magic power is essential for reducing pain
考题
Only by combining our efforts ____ those of other people can we triumph over the difficulties we are now facing.
A、intoB、ontoC、withinD、with
考题
_________. we saw a great valley.
A. To our great delightB.With our great delightC. For our great delightD. In our great delight
考题
Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
考题
EEvery day we experiencc one of the wonders of the world around us without even realizing it It is not the amszing complexity of television. Nor the impressive tcchnology of transport The universal wonder we share andExperience is our ability to make noises with our mouths, and so transmit ideas and thoughts to each other’s minds. This ability comes so naturally that tend to forget what a miracle（奇迹）it is.Obviously, the ability to talk is something that marks humans off from animals. Of course, some animals have powers just as amazing. Birds can fly thousands of miles by observing positions of the stars in the sky in relation to the time of day and year. In Nature’s went show, humans are a species of animal that have deve pod their own special act. If we reduce it to basie ferms, it’s a ability for communicating information to ther by varying sounds we make as we breathe out.Not the to don’t have other powers of communication. Our facia. expressions convey our emotions, such as anger, or jout or disappointment. The way we hold our beads can indicate to others whether we are happy or sad. This is so-called “body language”. Bristling(直立的)fur is an unmistakable warning of attack among many animals. Similarly, the bowed bead or drooping tail shows a readiness to take second place in any animal gathering.Such a means of communication is a basic mechanism that animals, including human beings, instinctively acquire and display. Is the ability to speak just another sort of instinct? If so, how did human beings acquire this amazing skill? Biologists can readily indicate that particular area of our brain where speech mechanisms function, but this doesn’t tell us how that part of our bodies originated in our biological history.72.According to the passage, the wonder we take for granted is____ .A.our ability to use languageB.the mintle of technalayC.the miaole power of natureD.our canlity to make noises with mouth
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Passage FiveIn every language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, consist of the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words with which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we learn, that is to say, from the members of our own family and from our familiar associates, and which we should know and use even if we could not read or write. They concern the common things of life, and are the goods in trade of all those who speak the language. Such words may be called "popular", since they belong to the whole people; and are not the exclusive possession of a limited class.On the other hand, our language includes a large number of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversation. Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little occasion to use them at home or in the market-place. Our first acquaintance with them comes not from our mother's lips or from the talk of our school-mates, but from books that we read, lectures that we bear, or the more formal conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular topic in a style. raised above the habitual level of everyday life. Such words are called "learned". And the distinction between them and "popular" words is of great importance to a right understanding of the language.51. One class of words can be learned ______.A. through everyday lifeB. without too much practiceC. from popular songsD. with a dictionary in one's hand
考题
From our house on the hillside, we can () the whole of the harbour.
A、ignoreB、overcomeC、overlookD、look after
考题
Part BDirections: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41—45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A - G to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. ( 10 points)[A] These issues cut right across traditional religious dogma. Many people cling to the belief that the origin of life required a unique divine act. But ff life on Earth is not unique, the case for a miraculous origin would be undermined. The discovery of even a humble bacterium on Mars, if it could be shown to have arisen independently from Earth life would support the view that life emerges naturally.[B] Contrary to popular belief, speculation that we are not alone in the universe is as old as philosophy itself. The essential steps in the reasoning were based on the atomic theory of the ancient Greek philosopher Democritus. First, the laws of nature are universal. Second, there is nothing special or privileged about Earth. Finally, if something is possible, nature tends to make it happen. Philosophy is one thing, filling in the physical details is another. Although astronomers increasingly suspect that bio-friendly planets may be abundant in the universe, the chemical steps leading to life remain largely mysterious.[C] There is, however, a contrary view-one that is gaining strength and directly challenges orthodox biology. It is that complexity can emerge spontaneously through a process of self-organization, ff matter and energy have an inbuilt tendency to amplify and channel organized complexity, the odds against the formation of life and the subsequent evolution of intelligence could be drastically shortened. The relevance of self- organization to biology remains hotly debated. It suggests, however, that although the universe as a whole may be dying, an opposite, progressive trend may also exist as a fundamental property of nature. The emergence of extraterrestrial life, particularly-intelligent life, is a key test for these rival paradigms.[D] Similar reasoning applies to evolution. According to the orthodox view, Darwinian selection is utterly blind. Any impression that the transition from microbes to man represents progress is pure chauvinism of our part. The path of evolution is merely a random walk through the realm of possibilities. If this is right, there can be no directionality, no innate drive forward; in particular, no push toward consciousness and intelligence. Should Earth be struck by an asteroid, destroying all higher life -forms, intelligent beings, still less humanoids, would almost certainly not arise next time around.[E] Traditionally, biologists believed that life is a freak-the result of a zillion - to - on accidental concatenation of molecules. It follows that the likelihood of its happening again elsewhere in the cosmos is infinitesimal. This viewpoint de- rives from the second law of thermodynamics, which predicts that the universe is dying - slowly and inexorably degenerating toward a state of total chaos. Life stumbles across this trend only because it is a pure statistical luck.[F] Historically, the Roman Catholic church regarded any discussion of alien life as heresy. Speculating about other inhabited worlds was one reason philosopher Giordano Bruno was burned at the stake in 1600. Belief that mankind has-a special relationship with God is central to the monotheistic religions. The existence of alien beings, especially if they were further advanced than humans intellectually and spiritually, would disrupt this cozy view.[G] The discovery of life beyond earth would transform. not only our science but also our religions, our belief systems and our entire world view. For in a sense, the search for extraterrestrial life is really a search for ourselves - who we are and what our place is in the grand sweep of the cosmos.Order:41___________________
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If our sense of wonder relics totally on the world of make-believe. we will_______.A.fail to appreciate the joy in our livesB.be confused by the world of make-believeC.miss the chance to recognizc the fantas worldD.be tranped by other worlds exsting all around us
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EHumans are naturally drawn to other life forms and the worlds outside of our own。We take delight in the existence of creatures and even whole societies Beyond our everyday lives.This sense of wonder is universal. Look at the efforts that scientists（幻想）literature or movies like the lord of the rings. This sense of wonder draws us to each other，to the world around us ,and to the world of make-believe.but have we gone so far in creating worlds of fantasy that we are missing the pleasure of other worlds that already exist all around us?Human beings，as biologists have suggested，possess an inborn desire to connect with and understand other life forms，However, people，especially in big eities，often lead rather isolated lives，In a study of British schoolchildren，it was found that children by age eight were much more familiar with characters from television shows and video games than common wildlife.without modem technology，a small Pond could be an amazing world filled with strange and beautiful plants，insects，birds，and animals 。when we lack meaning（交互）with the world around us,and somethings even with our families and friends，we seek to understand and communicate with things that exist only in our imaginations or on a computer screen。The world of make-believe is not necessarily bad,but when the world of fantasy becomes the only outlet（出路）for our sense of wonder，then we are really missing something，we are missing a connection with the living world. Other wonderful wonderful worlds exist all around us.but even more interesting is that if we look closely enough，we can see that these worlds,in a broad sense,are really part of our own.72．The popularity of the lord of the rings.provesA．the close connection between man and the fantasy worldB．the wonderful achievements of fantasy literatureC．the fine taste of moviegoers around the worldD．the general existence of the sense of curiosity
考题
If our sense of wonder relies totally on the world of make-believe,we willA．fail to appreciate the joy in our livesB．be confused by the world of make-believeC．miss the chance to recognize the fantasy worldD．be trapped by other worlds existing all around us
考题
Text 3 Up until a few decades ago,our visions of the future were largely-though by no means uniformly-glowingly positive.Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity,leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable,as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us,from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change.You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced.The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years-so why shouldn't we?Take a broader look at our species'place in the universe,and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens,if not hundreds,of thousands of years.Look up Homo sapiens in the"Red List"of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature（IUCN）,and you will read:"Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed,adaptable,currently increasing,and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold?A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question.For example,the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully,it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future.The potential evolution of today's technology,and its social consequences,is dazzlingly complicated,and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage.That's one reason why we have launched Arc,a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance.As so often,the past holds the key to the future:we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet,and our species,to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad.To be sure,the future is not all rosy.But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans,and to improve the lot of those to come.31.Our vision of the future used to be inspired byA.our desire for lives of fulfillment
B.our faith in science and technology
C.our awareness of potential risks
D.our belief in equal opportunity
考题
Psychology tells us that many people hate to take risks. But it is good for us to take risks, especially when the risk is to achieve a desired result. In that way, we become stronger and braver.
Our human nature should be to take risks, but some people just sit and wish they didn't have the fear to move on. This is because they failed a few times in their lives. Please step out and don't let the past hold you back from living life to the fullest. Move forward and move on! In studying the psychology of taking risks, we find that human provides us with the desire to experiment and take chances.
Risk taking is a great advantage that allowed our ancestors to become stronger and stronger day by day. By taking risks they fought off enemies and discovered new territories. This attitude has become a part of our modem culture. Riding a roller caster is a common risk taking activity. Even each person seems to enjoy the risk although they have the understanding that it is dangerous. This psychological and biological connection creates an interesting connection between what is unsafe and what humans enjoy.
Getting in a car each day is a risk. Getting out of bed is a risk, too. We need to take risks so that we can complete many things. Astronauts take risks when they get inside a rocket; however,the things they achieve are great. Businessmen take a risk when they buy parts of a company, however, without doing that, they could not make more money.
We need to take risks so that we can gain something. It is impossible to move forward in life, earn money, enjoy a relationship, play a sport, or doing anything else without taking a risk. It is all part of the game. It' s one of the most important parts of life.
Some people don't want to take risks, mainly because__A.they are too lazy to move on
B.they feel pleased with the present life
C.they have failed several times before
D.they show little interest in the strange world outside
考题
资料：It’s easy to trace the evolution of the automobile.At most，we’re only talking about a few centuries of technological development，and most of the plans，prototypes and models are still around. With just a little research，you can easily trace the latest model electric hybrid back to its steam-powered ancestors.
Your family tree is probably a different matter. Even an extensive genealogy chart can only reach back so far，and mortality puts a rather strict limit on exactly how many “models” are still on the road. Humanity’s evolutionary progression is even more difficult. We still have plenty of living primate relatives，but many of the life forms that connect the evolutionary dots are long extinct.
Evolutionary biologists use several methods to decipher exactly how we came to be as we are.In fact，the field itself encompasses several different disciplines in addition to biology，like genetics，psychology，geology，archaeology linguistics，anthropology and primatology just to name a few. Naturally，paleoanthropology also plays a key role，as we have to turn to the fossil record for many clues about our ancient primate，human and nearly human ancestors.
While the fossil record by its very nature is incomplete，there’s no shortage of fossil evidence to link the planet’s varied life forms into a great tree of life， a chart that scientists call a phylogenetic tree. You can think of humans as the very tip of just one branch on that tree called “hominid.” Chimpanzees exist at the end of an adjoining branch called “panin.” Follow both the hominid and panin branch back about 5.4 million years， and you’ll find a point where scientists think the two converged from a single，common ancestor.
Fossil evidence helps scientists to reconstruct these trees，but so do morphological and genetic studlies. Genetic analysis has yielded striking similarities between chimps and humans. As such， scientists know a last common ancestor of chimps and humans existed，even if we’ve yet to determine the exact species. Yet paleoanthropologists have found numerous hominid fossils to bridge the evolutionary progression from that unknown common ancestor to modern humans. These finds include such famous East African fossils as Lucy（Australopithecus afarensis），which strengthened the importance of bipedalism in human evolution and proved an essential milestone on our way to modern Homo sapiens.
Fossil evidence for human evolution will never be complete，as fossils themselves are rare geologic occurrences.Nevertheless，by incorporating other scientific disciplines，we’re able to build an increasingly accurate picture of just what our evolutionary family tree consisted of.
What can be inferred from Para.5?A.Morpholoical and genetic studies helped scientists to trace unknown common ancestor of chimps and humans existed.
B.Morphological and genetic studies determined exact species of common ancestor of chimps and humans existed.
C.Genetic studies found hominid fossils to bridge the evolutionary progression from unknown common ancestor to modern humans.
D.Morphological studies helped finding the famous East African fossils and set up an milestone in this field.
考题
资料：It’s easy to trace the evolution of the automobile.At most，we’re only talking about a few centuries of technological development，and most of the plans，prototypes and models are still around. With just a little research，you can easily trace the latest model electric hybrid back to its steam-powered ancestors.
Your family tree is probably a different matter. Even an extensive genealogy chart can only reach back so far，and mortality puts a rather strict limit on exactly how many “models” are still on the road. Humanity’s evolutionary progression is even more difficult. We still have plenty of living primate relatives，but many of the life forms that connect the evolutionary dots are long extinct.
Evolutionary biologists use several methods to decipher exactly how we came to be as we are.In fact，the field itself encompasses several different disciplines in addition to biology，like genetics，psychology，geology，archaeology linguistics，anthropology and primatology just to name a few. Naturally，paleoanthropology also plays a key role，as we have to turn to the fossil record for many clues about our ancient primate，human and nearly human ancestors.
While the fossil record by its very nature is incomplete，there’s no shortage of fossil evidence to link the planet’s varied life forms into a great tree of life， a chart that scientists call a phylogenetic tree. You can think of humans as the very tip of just one branch on that tree called “hominid.” Chimpanzees exist at the end of an adjoining branch called “panin.” Follow both the hominid and panin branch back about 5.4 million years， and you’ll find a point where scientists think the two converged from a single，common ancestor.
Fossil evidence helps scientists to reconstruct these trees，but so do morphological and genetic studlies. Genetic analysis has yielded striking similarities between chimps and humans. As such， scientists know a last common ancestor of chimps and humans existed，even if we’ve yet to determine the exact species. Yet paleoanthropologists have found numerous hominid fossils to bridge the evolutionary progression from that unknown common ancestor to modern humans. These finds include such famous East African fossils as Lucy（Australopithecus afarensis），which strengthened the importance of bipedalism in human evolution and proved an essential milestone on our way to modern Homo sapiens.
Fossil evidence for human evolution will never be complete，as fossils themselves are rare geologic occurrences.Nevertheless，by incorporating other scientific disciplines，we’re able to build an increasingly accurate picture of just what our evolutionary family tree consisted of.
It can be inferred in Para.1 that taking example of tracting electric hybrid is to illustrate that.A.how technological development over a few centuries developed.
B.how the plans，prototypes and models of electric hybrid developed.
C.how to trace family tree is much the same way astracing electric hybrid.
D.why humanity’s evolutionary progression is even more difficult.
考题
资料：It’s easy to trace the evolution of the automobile.At most，we’re only talking about a few centuries of technological development，and most of the plans，prototypes and models are still around. With just a little research，you can easily trace the latest model electric hybrid back to its steam-powered ancestors.
Your family tree is probably a different matter. Even an extensive genealogy chart can only reach back so far，and mortality puts a rather strict limit on exactly how many “models” are still on the road. Humanity’s evolutionary progression is even more difficult. We still have plenty of living primate relatives，but many of the life forms that connect the evolutionary dots are long extinct.
Evolutionary biologists use several methods to decipher exactly how we came to be as we are.In fact，the field itself encompasses several different disciplines in addition to biology，like genetics，psychology，geology，archaeology linguistics，anthropology and primatology just to name a few. Naturally，paleoanthropology also plays a key role，as we have to turn to the fossil record for many clues about our ancient primate，human and nearly human ancestors.
While the fossil record by its very nature is incomplete，there’s no shortage of fossil evidence to link the planet’s varied life forms into a great tree of life， a chart that scientists call a phylogenetic tree. You can think of humans as the very tip of just one branch on that tree called “hominid.” Chimpanzees exist at the end of an adjoining branch called “panin.” Follow both the hominid and panin branch back about 5.4 million years， and you’ll find a point where scientists think the two converged from a single，common ancestor.
Fossil evidence helps scientists to reconstruct these trees，but so do morphological and genetic studlies. Genetic analysis has yielded striking similarities between chimps and humans. As such， scientists know a last common ancestor of chimps and humans existed，even if we’ve yet to determine the exact species. Yet paleoanthropologists have found numerous hominid fossils to bridge the evolutionary progression from that unknown common ancestor to modern humans. These finds include such famous East African fossils as Lucy（Australopithecus afarensis），which strengthened the importance of bipedalism in human evolution and proved an essential milestone on our way to modern Homo sapiens.
Fossil evidence for human evolution will never be complete，as fossils themselves are rare geologic occurrences.Nevertheless，by incorporating other scientific disciplines，we’re able to build an increasingly accurate picture of just what our evolutionary family tree consisted of.
How would people probably trace a family tree，based on Para.2？A.methods of genealogy.
B.methods of archaeology linguistics.
C.methods of anthropology.
D.methods of primatology.
考题
资料：It’s easy to trace the evolution of the automobile.At most，we’re only talking about a few centuries of technological development，and most of the plans，prototypes and models are still around. With just a little research，you can easily trace the latest model electric hybrid back to its steam-powered ancestors.
Your family tree is probably a different matter. Even an extensive genealogy chart can only reach back so far，and mortality puts a rather strict limit on exactly how many “models” are still on the road. Humanity’s evolutionary progression is even more difficult. We still have plenty of living primate relatives，but many of the life forms that connect the evolutionary dots are long extinct.
Evolutionary biologists use several methods to decipher exactly how we came to be as we are.In fact，the field itself encompasses several different disciplines in addition to biology，like genetics，psychology，geology，archaeology linguistics，anthropology and primatology just to name a few. Naturally，paleoanthropology also plays a key role，as we have to turn to the fossil record for many clues about our ancient primate，human and nearly human ancestors.
While the fossil record by its very nature is incomplete，there’s no shortage of fossil evidence to link the planet’s varied life forms into a great tree of life， a chart that scientists call a phylogenetic tree. You can think of humans as the very tip of just one branch on that tree called “hominid.” Chimpanzees exist at the end of an adjoining branch called “panin.” Follow both the hominid and panin branch back about 5.4 million years， and you’ll find a point where scientists think the two converged from a single，common ancestor.
Fossil evidence helps scientists to reconstruct these trees，but so do morphological and genetic studlies. Genetic analysis has yielded striking similarities between chimps and humans. As such， scientists know a last common ancestor of chimps and humans existed，even if we’ve yet to determine the exact species. Yet paleoanthropologists have found numerous hominid fossils to bridge the evolutionary progression from that unknown common ancestor to modern humans. These finds include such famous East African fossils as Lucy（Australopithecus afarensis），which strengthened the importance of bipedalism in human evolution and proved an essential milestone on our way to modern Homo sapiens.
Fossil evidence for human evolution will never be complete，as fossils themselves are rare geologic occurrences.Nevertheless，by incorporating other scientific disciplines，we’re able to build an increasingly accurate picture of just what our evolutionary family tree consisted of.
What does the underlined word “bipedalism”refer to in Para.5?A.Hominid and panin.
B.Chimps and humans.
C.Walking on two legs.
D.Morphological and genetic studies.
考题
共用题干
In every cultivated languages there are two great classes of words which taken together,comprise the whole vocabulary.First,there are those words_________(51)which we become acquainted in daily conversation,which we learn,that is to say,from the_________(52)of our own family and from our familiar associates,and which we should know and use_________(53)we could not read or write.They__________(54)the common things of life,and are the stock in trade of all who use the language.Such words may be called"popular",since they belong to the people___________ (55)and are not the exclusive_______(56)of a limited class. On the other hand,our language ___________(57)a multitude of words which are comparatively_________(58)used in ordinary conversation.Their meanings are known to every educated person,but there is little_________(59)to use them at home or in the market-place. Our________ (60) acquaintance with them comes not from our mother's________(61)or from the talk of our schoolmates,________(62)from books that we read,lectures that we_________(63),or the more formal conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular topic in a style appropriately elevated above the habitual ________(64)of everyday life.Such words are called "learned" ,and the________(65)between them and the "popular" words is of great importance to a right understanding of linguistic process._________(53)A:even B:despiteC:even if D:in spite of
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We take our skin for granted until it isburned ______ repair.A.beyond
B.for
C.without
D.under
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We have kept（）our friendship by writing to each other, so we are true friends.AbackBupCoffDdown
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单选题The greatest chance for the existence of extraterrestrial life is on a planet beyond our solar system. The Milky Way galaxy alone contains 100 billion other suns, many of which could be accompanied by planets similar enough to Earth to make them suitable abodes of life. The statement above assumes which of the following?A
Living creatures on another planet would probably have the same appearance as those on Earth.B
Life cannot exist on other planets in our solar system.C
If the appropriate physical conditions exist, life is an inevitable consequence.D
More than one of the suns in the galaxy is accompanied by an Earth-like planet.E
It is likely that life on another planet would require conditions similar to those on Earth.
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问答题There are great impediments to the general use of a standard in pronunciationcomparable to that existing in spelling (orthography). One is thefact that pronunciation is learnt ‘naturally’ and unconsciously, and orthography 1．_______is learnt deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact, remainthroughout our lives quite unconscious with what our speech sounds 2．_______like when we speak out, and it often comes as a shock when we 3．_______firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a voice we recognize at once, 4．_______whereas our own handwriting is something which we almost always know. We 5．_______begin the ‘natural’ learning of pronunciation long before we start learning toread or write, and in our early years we went on unconsciously imitating and 6．_______practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many more hours per every 7．_______day than we ever have to spend learning even our difficult English spelling.This is ‘natural’, therefore, that our speech-sounds should be those of our im 8．_______mediate circle; after all, as we have seen, speech operates as a means of holding acommunity and to give a sense of ‘belonging’. We learn quite early to recognize a 9．_______‘stranger’, someone who speaks with an accent of a different community — perhapsonly a few miles far. 10．_______
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问答题In this section, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully, and then complete the summary below by choosing a maximum of three words from the passage to fill in each of the blanks. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage. Everyone knows about pollution in the environment. Water, air, and land are all polluted. This means that pollution is everywhere. Now, scientists are looking inside our bodies to find out about internal pollution. In 2003, the Environmental Working Group studied nine people to measure the chemicals in their bodies. These nine people had an average of 53 cancer-causing chemicals in their bodies. They also had an average of 62 chemicals that can damage the brain, and 55 that can harm babies in pregnant women. Even though a lot of chemicals were found in human bodies, the chemicals were found in small amounts. The amounts were small enough that they were probably not hurting the people. However, scientists are worried because most of these chemicals were created by humans. Most of these chemicals did not exist 75 years ago. This proves that we have not only polluted the world—we have polluted our own bodies! How does this pollution get into our bodies? We come into contact with many chemicals every day. For example, everyone uses soap, skin lotion, and shampoo. However, few people know that these products contain harmful chemicals, some of which may cause memory loss. Chemicals known as DEA (diethanolamine) and TEA (triethanolamine) may seep into the skin and stop us from absorbing a helpful nutrient called “choline”. Choline is a nutrient that plays a crucial role in the memory cell making process in the developing brain. Some people worry that every time we wash our hair, we are decreasing our memories. Everyone knows they should brush their teeth regularly, but recent research has shown that some toothpastes can cause cancer. Fluoride is a key ingredient in many toothpastes. However, studies show that fluoride does not really protect our teeth. In fact, fluoride has been connected with bone cancer and other diseases. While we are trying to save our smiles, we could be damaging our health. Women are probably exposed to more chemicals than men because they use more beauty products. Recently, harmful chemicals have been found in nail polish, hair spray, deodorant, and perfume. The chemicals are called “phthalates”. Studies on animals have shown that phthalates can damage the liver, the kidneys, and the lungs. Cosmetic companies say the amounts of phthalates in their products are safe, but consumer protection groups disagree. They say some women use so many products that the levels are actually high. So, the more women try to look beautiful, the more they could be harming their health. In a futuristic story by Ray Bradbury, a man found a pristine stream on a new planet. When he drank from the stream, he died! Why? His body was so polluted that pure water was a poison to him! Perhaps that is only science fiction, but it reminds us to take care of our bodies. We must find ways to reduce the pollution we absorb. Summary: Like our polluted environment, our bodies are no longer pollution-free. Scientists now know that there is pollution in our bodies. On 1 , we have 53 cancer-causing chemicals in our bodies. Even fluoride 2 with bone cancer and other diseases. Some common cosmetics contain small amounts of chemicals, which seep into our 3 when we use these products. They prevent us from absorbing the 4 our bodies need. So, it is 5 that we find ways to reduce the amount of chemicals in our bodies. We should remind our friends and families to take care of their bodies.
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单选题When our imports ______ our exports, we say we have a favorable trade balance; however, when our imports and exports are the other way round we say we have an unfavorable trade balance.A
fall shortB
fall short ofC
run out ofD
are lack of
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