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单选题
According to the text, what is beyond man’s ability now is to design a robot that can ______.
A
fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery
B
interact with human beings verbally
C
have a little common sense
D
respond independently to a changing world
参考答案
参考解析
解析：
细节题。第三段最后一句提到“we can’t yet give a robot enough ‘common sense’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world.”，人类现在还不能赋予机器人以足够的常识和判断力，使其能够有能力应对不断变化的世界。D项中“respond independently”与原文“reliably interact with”照应，“a changing world”与原文“a dynamic world”照应。所以D项为正确答案。
细节题。第三段最后一句提到“we can’t yet give a robot enough ‘common sense’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world.”，人类现在还不能赋予机器人以足够的常识和判断力，使其能够有能力应对不断变化的世界。D项中“respond independently”与原文“reliably interact with”照应，“a changing world”与原文“a dynamic world”照应。所以D项为正确答案。
更多 “单选题According to the text, what is beyond man’s ability now is to design a robot that can ______.A fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgeryB interact with human beings verballyC have a little common senseD respond independently to a changing world” 相关考题
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189. What will man be like in the future—in 5,000 or even 50,000 years from now? We can only make a guess, of course, but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today. For man is slowly changing all the time. Let us take an obvious example. Man, even five hundred years ago, was shorter than he is today. Now, on average, men are about three inches taller. Five hundred years is a relatively short period of time, so we may assume that man will continue to grow taller. Again, in the modern world we use our brains a great deal. Even so, we still make use of only about 20% of the brain’s capacity. As time goes on, however, we shall have to use our brains more and more—and eventually we shall need larger ones. This is likely to bring about a physical change too: the head, in particular the forehead, will grow larger. Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact, we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over a very long period of time it is likely that man’s eyes will grow stronger. On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs. These, as a result, are likely to grow weaker. At the same time, however, our fingers will grow more sensitive because they are used a great deal in modern life. But what about hair? This will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer. In the future, then, both sexes are likely to be bald. Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not be a very attractive creature to look at. This may well be true. All the same, in spite of all these changes, future man will still have a lot in common with us. He will still be a human being, with thoughts and emotions similar to our own. [共5题](1) Future man is likely to be different from us ________.(A) in quite a few ways (B) in almost every way(C) in great many ways (D) in one or two ways(2) The reason for believing that future man will be different is that man ________.(A) began to change five hundred years ago(B) never stops changing(C) never stops growing(D) has recently begun to change(3) People’s heads will eventually grow larger. This is because their brains ________.(A) will grow faster than at present(B) will need more room than at present(C) will play an important part(D) will be in constant use(4) Future man will probably ________.(A) have bigger eyes (B) get weaker eyes(C) see better (D) have to wear better glasses(5) Future man’s hair will ________.(A) grow darker (B) stop growing completely(C) fall out more often (D) get longer
考题
According to the text, Jeffers is probably _______. 【 】A. a computer programmerB. a test subjectC. a human brain expertD. a medical doctor
考题
Text 2 Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics--the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robo-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform. some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy--far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves--goals that pose a real challenge. "While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, "we can't yet give a robot enough 'common sense' to reliably interact with a dynamic world. "Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented-and human perception far more complicated--than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced computer systems on Earth can't approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don't know quite how we do it.第46题：Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated inA the use of machines to produce science fiction.B the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry.C the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work.D the elite's cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work.
考题
According to the text, what is beyond man\'s ability now is to design a robot that canA fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery.B interact with human beings verbally.C have a little common sense.D respond independently to a changing world.
考题
According to Noam Chomsky, human beings are born with an innate ability to acquire and produce language known as__________.A.CAT
B.MRI
C.TG
D.LAD
考题
According to Noam Chomsky, human beings are born with an innate ability to acquire and produce language known as __________.A．CAT
B．MR!
C．TG
D．LAD
考题
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第二篇The next big breakthrough in artificial intelligence could come from giving machines not just more logical capacity,but emotional capacity as well.Feeling aren't usually associated with inanimate（无生命的）machines, but Posalind Picard, a professor of computer technology at MIT,believes emotion may be just the thing computes need to work effectively.Computers need artificial emotion both to understand their human users better and to achieve self-analysis and self-improvement,says Picard."If we want computers to be genuinely intelligent,to adapt to us,and to interact naturally with us,then they will need the ability to recognize and express emotions,to have emotions,and to have what has come to be called emotional intelligence,"Picard says.One way that emotions can help computers,she suggests,is by helping keep them from crashing. Today's computers produce error messages,but they do not have a "gut feeling" of knowing when something is wrong or doesn't make sense.A healthy fear of death could motivate a computer to stop trouble as soon as it starts.On the other hand, self-preservation would need to be subordinate to service to humans.It was fear of its own death that promoted RAL,the fictional computer in the film 2002 :A Space Odyssey, to extermine（消灭）most of its human associates.Similarly,computers that could"read"their users would accumulate a store of highly personal information about us一not just what we said and did,but what we likely thought and felt."Emotion not only contribute to a richer quality of interaction,but they directly impact a person's ability to interact in an intelligent way,"Picard says."Emotional skills,especially the ability to recognize and express emotions,are essential for natural communication with humans." What does the author think about the computers with emotions?A:The author has high expectation for its potential in the future.B:The author worries that it will threaten the security of human beings.C:The author doubts its capacity to interact with human beings.D:The author believes that it will take the place of human beings in many aspects.
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The Robot ManAccording to Hans Moravec,universal robots will take over all the physical activities that we engage in,leaving us with little to do.Moravec sees four generations on the road to true universal robots. The first generation will be here by 2010 and will consist of free-ranging robots that can navigate by building an internal mental map of their surroundings.In new situations they'll be able to adapt,unlike today's mobile industrial robots.These robots will have the computing power to cope with simple speech and text recognition,and will be used for tasks such as domestic clean-ing.The second generation will arrive around 2020 and will be distinguished by the ability to learn .Second generation robots are programmed with sets of primitive tasks and with feedback that provide"pleasure"and"pain"stimuli .For example,a collision provokes a negative response,a completed task would be positive.Move forward another ten years to 2030 and you get to generation three.This robot can build internal simulations of the world around it. Before beginning a task,it can imagine what will happen in order to predict problems.If it has a free moment,it can replay past experiences and try variations in order to find a better way of如ing things next time .It could even observe a person or another robot performing a task and learn by imitation.For the first time,we have here a robot that can think.By the time we get to generation four in 2040,Moravec predicts that robots will be able to: match human reasoning and behaviour;generalise abstract ideas from specific experience;and, conversely,compile detailed plans of action from general commands such as"earn a living"or "make more robots".The Moravec manifesto（宣告）runs something like this. As robots start to become useful in generation one,they'll begin to take on many tasks in industry.Driven by the availability of this cheap and tireless labour force,the economy will boom and the demand for robots will grow so rapidly that they will soon become lowcost commodity items.So much so that they'll move into the home,where the domestic robot will relieve us of many chores.With increasing automation in generations two and three,the length of the average working day will plummet,eventually to near zero. Most people will be unemployed as robots take over not just primary industry,but the service economy too.Moravec sees the fourth generation as an opportunity to surpass our human limitations.These future machines will be our"mind children".Like biological children of previous generations,they will embody humanity's best hope for a long-term future. Which of the following statements is true of the future robots?A: They will relieve us of many chores.B: They will take over the information industry.C: They will never surpass us.D: They will become high-cost commodity items.
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The Robot ManAccording to Hans Moravec,universal robots will take over all the physical activities that we engage in,leaving us with little to do.Moravec sees four generations on the road to true universal robots. The first generation will be here by 2010 and will consist of free-ranging robots that can navigate by building an internal mental map of their surroundings.In new situations they'll be able to adapt,unlike today's mobile industrial robots.These robots will have the computing power to cope with simple speech and text recognition,and will be used for tasks such as domestic clean-ing.The second generation will arrive around 2020 and will be distinguished by the ability to learn .Second generation robots are programmed with sets of primitive tasks and with feedback that provide"pleasure"and"pain"stimuli .For example,a collision provokes a negative response,a completed task would be positive.Move forward another ten years to 2030 and you get to generation three.This robot can build internal simulations of the world around it. Before beginning a task,it can imagine what will happen in order to predict problems.If it has a free moment,it can replay past experiences and try variations in order to find a better way of如ing things next time .It could even observe a person or another robot performing a task and learn by imitation.For the first time,we have here a robot that can think.By the time we get to generation four in 2040,Moravec predicts that robots will be able to: match human reasoning and behaviour;generalise abstract ideas from specific experience;and, conversely,compile detailed plans of action from general commands such as"earn a living"or "make more robots".The Moravec manifesto（宣告）runs something like this. As robots start to become useful in generation one,they'll begin to take on many tasks in industry.Driven by the availability of this cheap and tireless labour force,the economy will boom and the demand for robots will grow so rapidly that they will soon become lowcost commodity items.So much so that they'll move into the home,where the domestic robot will relieve us of many chores.With increasing automation in generations two and three,the length of the average working day will plummet,eventually to near zero. Most people will be unemployed as robots take over not just primary industry,but the service economy too.Moravec sees the fourth generation as an opportunity to surpass our human limitations.These future machines will be our"mind children".Like biological children of previous generations,they will embody humanity's best hope for a long-term future. The author's main purpose is to______.A: describe the life of Hans MoravecB: support the view that robots will play a major role in our lifeC: make fun of the views of Hans MoravecD: get people prepared for the threat of future robots
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The Robot ManAccording to Hans Moravec,universal robots will take over all the physical activities that we engage in,leaving us with little to do.Moravec sees four generations on the road to true universal robots. The first generation will be here by 2010 and will consist of free-ranging robots that can navigate by building an internal mental map of their surroundings.In new situations they'll be able to adapt,unlike today's mobile industrial robots.These robots will have the computing power to cope with simple speech and text recognition,and will be used for tasks such as domestic clean-ing.The second generation will arrive around 2020 and will be distinguished by the ability to learn .Second generation robots are programmed with sets of primitive tasks and with feedback that provide"pleasure"and"pain"stimuli .For example,a collision provokes a negative response,a completed task would be positive.Move forward another ten years to 2030 and you get to generation three.This robot can build internal simulations of the world around it. Before beginning a task,it can imagine what will happen in order to predict problems.If it has a free moment,it can replay past experiences and try variations in order to find a better way of如ing things next time .It could even observe a person or another robot performing a task and learn by imitation.For the first time,we have here a robot that can think.By the time we get to generation four in 2040,Moravec predicts that robots will be able to: match human reasoning and behaviour;generalise abstract ideas from specific experience;and, conversely,compile detailed plans of action from general commands such as"earn a living"or "make more robots".The Moravec manifesto（宣告）runs something like this. As robots start to become useful in generation one,they'll begin to take on many tasks in industry.Driven by the availability of this cheap and tireless labour force,the economy will boom and the demand for robots will grow so rapidly that they will soon become lowcost commodity items.So much so that they'll move into the home,where the domestic robot will relieve us of many chores.With increasing automation in generations two and three,the length of the average working day will plummet,eventually to near zero. Most people will be unemployed as robots take over not just primary industry,but the service economy too.Moravec sees the fourth generation as an opportunity to surpass our human limitations.These future machines will be our"mind children".Like biological children of previous generations,they will embody humanity's best hope for a long-term future. The word"plummet" in paragraph 6 means______.A: decreaseB:stretchC: extendD: grow
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The Robot ManAccording to Hans Moravec,universal robots will take over all the physical activities that we engage in,leaving us with little to do.Moravec sees four generations on the road to true universal robots. The first generation will be here by 2010 and will consist of free-ranging robots that can navigate by building an internal mental map of their surroundings.In new situations they'll be able to adapt,unlike today's mobile industrial robots.These robots will have the computing power to cope with simple speech and text recognition,and will be used for tasks such as domestic clean-ing.The second generation will arrive around 2020 and will be distinguished by the ability to learn .Second generation robots are programmed with sets of primitive tasks and with feedback that provide"pleasure"and"pain"stimuli .For example,a collision provokes a negative response,a completed task would be positive.Move forward another ten years to 2030 and you get to generation three.This robot can build internal simulations of the world around it. Before beginning a task,it can imagine what will happen in order to predict problems.If it has a free moment,it can replay past experiences and try variations in order to find a better way of如ing things next time .It could even observe a person or another robot performing a task and learn by imitation.For the first time,we have here a robot that can think.By the time we get to generation four in 2040,Moravec predicts that robots will be able to: match human reasoning and behaviour;generalise abstract ideas from specific experience;and, conversely,compile detailed plans of action from general commands such as"earn a living"or "make more robots".The Moravec manifesto（宣告）runs something like this. As robots start to become useful in generation one,they'll begin to take on many tasks in industry.Driven by the availability of this cheap and tireless labour force,the economy will boom and the demand for robots will grow so rapidly that they will soon become lowcost commodity items.So much so that they'll move into the home,where the domestic robot will relieve us of many chores.With increasing automation in generations two and three,the length of the average working day will plummet,eventually to near zero. Most people will be unemployed as robots take over not just primary industry,but the service economy too.Moravec sees the fourth generation as an opportunity to surpass our human limitations.These future machines will be our"mind children".Like biological children of previous generations,they will embody humanity's best hope for a long-term future. What will be the distinctive feature of the second generation robots?A: They will be able to recogilize speeches and texts.B: They will be able to learn by themselves.C: They will be able to predict problems.D: They will be able to match human reasoning and behaviour.
考题
资料：Demystifying how social and human-like robots work is vital so that we can understand and shape how they will affect our future, Dr Hatice Gunes will tell the Hay Festival next week. (1)
Fear mongering and myth-making about human-like and social robots is stopping us from engaging with the technology behind them and having an input into how they—and we—evolve, says Hatice Gunes, Associate Professor at University of Cambridge's Computer Laboratory. (2)
Dr Gunes will be speaking about her research at the Hay Festival on 1st June and says we need to move beyond sensationalist portrayals of human-like robot. Her Hay talk will centre on human robot interaction [ HRI] and how it can be used for our benefit, for instance, for helping children with autism learn how to read expressions and to stimulate the senses of elderly people in care. (3)
Dr Gunes will outline how HRI works. She says it has to be believable in order to be effective. That means robots’ appearance is very important. This is what has driven the development of humanoid robots with arms and aspects of a human face which can behave in a human-like way, for instance, moving their arms, legs and eyes. However, more important than appearance is their behaviour and emotional expressivity. Dr Gunes refers to the way we relate to Disney’s animated characters. “People believe in them because they can portray emotion,” she says. (4)
To achieve expressivity requires an understanding of how human emotions are portrayed and triggered. Scientists have been working on artificial emotional intelligence which enables new technology such as embodied agents and robots to both express and detect emotions, understanding non-verbal cues. Dr Gunes cites the work of Charles Darwin on the visual nature of emotions and how they can be mapped to various changes in facial expressions. (5)
Her research investigates how humanoids can be programmed not only to extract and respond to facial clues to emotions, but also to understand the context in which those emotions are expressed. That means they will be able to offer a response that is sensitive to specific contexts. (6)
Will robots ever be able to have emotions themselves though? Dr Gunes says there is no reason why not and questions what emotions are. The process of working with robots on artificial emotional intelligence unpicks the nature of our emotions, showing them to be a layering of different goals, experiences and stimuli. (7)
Another area which scientists are looking at in their quest to improve humanoids’ believability is personality. Dr Gunes has done a lot of work on personality in telepresence robotics, robots controlled remotely by a human—a kind of 3D avatar. These can be used in many ways, for instance, by medical staff to offer remote home care. The medical person can be based anywhere and operate the robot through a virtual headset. Dr Gunes is interested in how people react to the teleoperator (the human controlling the robot remotely) who is present in robot form. Once again, both the robot’s physical appearance and behaviour are important and research shows that their personality needs to be task dependent. (8)
Dr Gunes says there remain some big challenges for scientists working on HRI, including how to process and combine all the different data they are gathering, how to modify their appearance and behaviour dynamically, and how to keep their power going 24/7. The major challenges, however, are to do with breaking down some of the myths and fears people have about humanoids. (9)
Part of this is because they don’t understand the benefits humanoid robots can bring and why, for instance, they need to take on a human form and understand emotions. She says humanoids can be positive in terms of increasing trust and engagement among certain groups, such as the elderly; that humans tends to anthropomorphise technology in any event; and that robots can be programmed to be limited to positive emotions that promote altruism. (10)
“People tend to love or hate robots, but they don’t really know a lot abouA.With the development of human robot interaction, robots ae now able to communicate with humans in an effective way.
B.Scientists have many challenges in developing robots, such as how to modify their appearance and behavior.
C.Human emotions enable robots to win the trust from human, especially the elderly and children.
D.It is important to help people understand robots in order to develop robots to human needs.
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第三篇Almost Human?Scientists are racing to build the world's first thinking robot.This is not science fiction: some say they will have made it by the year 2020.Carol Packer reports.Machines that walk,speak and feel are no longer science fiction.Kismet is the nameof an android（机器人）which scientists have built at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT).Kismet is different from the traditional robot because it can show human emotions.Its eyes,ears and lips move to show when it feels happy,sad or bored. Kismet is one of the first of a new generation of androids一robots that look like human beings一which can imitate human feelings.Cog,another android invented by the MIT, imitates the action of a mother. However,scientists admit that so far Cog has the mental ability of a two-year-old.The optimists（乐观主义者）say that by the year 2020 we will have created humanoids （机器人）with brains similar to those of an adult human being. These robots will be designed to look like people to make them more attractive and easier to sell to the public. What kind of jobs will they do?In the future,robots like Robonaut,a humanoid invented by NASA,will be doing dangerous jobs,like repairing space stations.They wi}{also be doing more and more of the household work for us.In Japan,scientists are designing androids that will entertain us by dancing and playing the piano.Some people worry about what the future holds:will robots become monsters（怪物）? Will people themselves become increasingly like robots?Experts predict that more and more people will be wearing micro-computers,connected to the Internet,in the future.People will have micro-chips in various parts of their body,which will connect them to a wide variety of gadgets（小装置）.Perhaps we should not exaggerate（夸大）the importance of technology,but one wonders whether,in years to come,we will still be falling in love, and whether we will still feel pain.Who knows?What makes Cog special?A:It looks like a mother.B:It behaves like a child.C:It can imitate the behavior of a mother.D:It has a huge brain.
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第三篇Almost Human?Scientists are racing to build the world's first thinking robot.This is not science fiction: some say they will have made it by the year 2020.Carol Packer reports.Machines that walk,speak and feel are no longer science fiction.Kismet is the nameof an android（机器人）which scientists have built at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT).Kismet is different from the traditional robot because it can show human emotions.Its eyes,ears and lips move to show when it feels happy,sad or bored. Kismet is one of the first of a new generation of androids一robots that look like human beings一which can imitate human feelings.Cog,another android invented by the MIT, imitates the action of a mother. However,scientists admit that so far Cog has the mental ability of a two-year-old.The optimists（乐观主义者）say that by the year 2020 we will have created humanoids （机器人）with brains similar to those of an adult human being. These robots will be designed to look like people to make them more attractive and easier to sell to the public. What kind of jobs will they do?In the future,robots like Robonaut,a humanoid invented by NASA,will be doing dangerous jobs,like repairing space stations.They wi}{also be doing more and more of the household work for us.In Japan,scientists are designing androids that will entertain us by dancing and playing the piano.Some people worry about what the future holds:will robots become monsters（怪物）? Will people themselves become increasingly like robots?Experts predict that more and more people will be wearing micro-computers,connected to the Internet,in the future.People will have micro-chips in various parts of their body,which will connect them to a wide variety of gadgets（小装置）.Perhaps we should not exaggerate（夸大）the importance of technology,but one wonders whether,in years to come,we will still be falling in love, and whether we will still feel pain.Who knows?In about 15 years' time from now,robotsA:will become space designers. B:will look like monsters.C:will behave like animals. D:will think like humans.
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第三篇Almost Human?Scientists are racing to build the world's first thinking robot.This is not science fiction: some say they will have made it by the year 2020.Carol Packer reports.Machines that walk,speak and feel are no longer science fiction.Kismet is the nameof an android（机器人）which scientists have built at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT).Kismet is different from the traditional robot because it can show human emotions.Its eyes,ears and lips move to show when it feels happy,sad or bored. Kismet is one of the first of a new generation of androids一robots that look like human beings一which can imitate human feelings.Cog,another android invented by the MIT, imitates the action of a mother. However,scientists admit that so far Cog has the mental ability of a two-year-old.The optimists（乐观主义者）say that by the year 2020 we will have created humanoids （机器人）with brains similar to those of an adult human being. These robots will be designed to look like people to make them more attractive and easier to sell to the public. What kind of jobs will they do?In the future,robots like Robonaut,a humanoid invented by NASA,will be doing dangerous jobs,like repairing space stations.They wi}{also be doing more and more of the household work for us.In Japan,scientists are designing androids that will entertain us by dancing and playing the piano.Some people worry about what the future holds:will robots become monsters（怪物）? Will people themselves become increasingly like robots?Experts predict that more and more people will be wearing micro-computers,connected to the Internet,in the future.People will have micro-chips in various parts of their body,which will connect them to a wide variety of gadgets（小装置）.Perhaps we should not exaggerate（夸大）the importance of technology,but one wonders whether,in years to come,we will still be falling in love, and whether we will still feel pain.Who knows?What is the writer's attitude to robots in the future?A:Critical. B:Hostile.C:Objective. D:Enthusiastic.
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第三篇Almost Human?Scientists are racing to build the world's first thinking robot.This is not science fiction: some say they will have made it by the year 2020.Carol Packer reports.Machines that walk,speak and feel are no longer science fiction.Kismet is the nameof an android（机器人）which scientists have built at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT).Kismet is different from the traditional robot because it can show human emotions.Its eyes,ears and lips move to show when it feels happy,sad or bored. Kismet is one of the first of a new generation of androids一robots that look like human beings一which can imitate human feelings.Cog,another android invented by the MIT, imitates the action of a mother. However,scientists admit that so far Cog has the mental ability of a two-year-old.The optimists（乐观主义者）say that by the year 2020 we will have created humanoids （机器人）with brains similar to those of an adult human being. These robots will be designed to look like people to make them more attractive and easier to sell to the public. What kind of jobs will they do?In the future,robots like Robonaut,a humanoid invented by NASA,will be doing dangerous jobs,like repairing space stations.They wi}{also be doing more and more of the household work for us.In Japan,scientists are designing androids that will entertain us by dancing and playing the piano.Some people worry about what the future holds:will robots become monsters（怪物）? Will people themselves become increasingly like robots?Experts predict that more and more people will be wearing micro-computers,connected to the Internet,in the future.People will have micro-chips in various parts of their body,which will connect them to a wide variety of gadgets（小装置）.Perhaps we should not exaggerate（夸大）the importance of technology,but one wonders whether,in years to come,we will still be falling in love, and whether we will still feel pain.Who knows?Kismet is different from traditional robots becauseA:it thinks for itself. B:itis not like science fiction.C:it can look after two-year-olds. D:it seems to have human feelings.
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It’s one of our common beliefs that mice are afraid of cats. Scientists have long known that even if a mouse has never seen a cat before, it is still able to detect chemical signals released from it and run away in fear. This has always been thought to be something that is hard-wired into a mouse’ s brain.
But now Wendy Ingram, a graduate student at the University of California, Berkeley, has challenged this common sense. She has found a way to “cure” mice of their inborn fear of cats by infecting them with a parasite, reported the science journal Nature.
The parasite, called Toxoplasma gondii, might sound unfamiliar to you, but the shocking fact is that up to one-third of people around the world are infected by it. This parasite can cause different diseases among humans, especially pregnant women—it is linked to blindness and the death of unborn babies.
However, the parasite’s effects on mice are unique. Ingram and her team measured how mice reacted to a cat's urine (尿) before and after it was infected by the parasite. They noted that normal mice stayed far away from the urine while mice that were infected with the parasite walked freely around the test area.
But that's not all. The parasite was found to be more powerful than originally thought—even after researchers cured the mice of the infection. They no longer reacted with fear to a cat's smell, which could indicate that the infection has caused a permanent change in mice's brains.
Why does a parasite change a mouse's brain instead of making it sick like it does to humans The answer lies in evolution.
“It’s exciting scary to know how a parasite can manipulate a mouse's brain this way,"Ingram said. But she also finds it inspiring. "Typically if you have a bacterial infection, you go to a doctor and take antibiotics and the infection is cleared and you expect all the symptoms to also go away,” she said, but this study has proven that wrong. “This may have huge implications for infectious disease medicine."
Which of the following statements is true according to the passage 查看材料A.Toxoplasma gondii causes people strange and deadly diseases.
B.With certain infection the infectious disease cannot be cured completely.
C.Human beings infected by toxoplasma gondii will have permanent brain damage.
D.Toxoplasma gondii is harmful to human beings, but it does no harm to mice.
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The brain’s neurological specialization for language is called linguistic I （）， which is specific to human beings.
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They already guide blind and disabled people; now dogs are to be trained to help people with dementia (痴呆). The duties of these "guide dogs for the mind" will include reminding their owners to take medication, as well as encouraging them to eat, drink and sleep at regular intervals.
The dementia dogs will be trained to respond to sound triggers in the home that prompt them to perform tasks. These could include delivering a bite-proof bag of medicine with a note inside reminding the patient to take it, or waking them up in the morning.
The idea was developed by design students at the Glasgow School of Art and will now be put into practice by Alzheimer"s Scotland and Dogs for the disabled.
Joyce Gray of Alzheimer"s Scotland said, "People in the early stages of dementia are still able to live a relatively normal life, and dogs help to maintain routine."
The other advantage of using the pets as companions is that conversation can be increasingly confusing for people with Alzheimer"s, but dogs can give them a sense of silent support and companionship. People light up when they see animals. They don"t need to communicate verbally but they can still interact. You can have a speechless bond.
The dog would also encourage the owner to take them out for walks, ensuring they keep exercising and interacting with other people.What is true about the people suffering from dementiaA、They would like to stay with other people.B、They can maintain routine.C、They will gradually lose the ability to live a normal life.D、They would like to talk in a different way.
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单选题They already guide blind and disabled people; now dogs are to be trained to help people with dementia (痴呆). The duties of these "guide dogs for the mind" will include reminding their owners to take medication, as well as encouraging them to eat, drink and sleep at regular intervals.
The dementia dogs will be trained to respond to sound triggers in the home that prompt them to perform tasks. These could include delivering a bite-proof bag of medicine with a note inside reminding the patient to take it, or waking them up in the morning.
The idea was developed by design students at the Glasgow School of Art and will now be put into practice by Alzheimer"s Scotland and Dogs for the disabled.
Joyce Gray of Alzheimer"s Scotland said, "People in the early stages of dementia are still able to live a relatively normal life, and dogs help to maintain routine."
The other advantage of using the pets as companions is that conversation can be increasingly confusing for people with Alzheimer"s, but dogs can give them a sense of silent support and companionship. People light up when they see animals. They don"t need to communicate verbally but they can still interact. You can have a speechless bond.
The dog would also encourage the owner to take them out for walks, ensuring they keep exercising and interacting with other people.What is true about the people suffering from dementiaA
They would like to stay with other people.B
They can maintain routine.C
They will gradually lose the ability to live a normal life.D
They would like to talk in a different way.
考题
单选题According to this passage, _____.A
the game plan for keeping brain cells sparking doesn’t work for everyoneB
Dr. Small’s memory tests can show you what to do about brain agingC
Dr. Small’s advice can help us fight brain aging effectivelyD
our brains can reconstruct memories themselves
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单选题The ability to communicate ideas and instruction was all necessary for the incredible development of the frontal brain lobe in human beings.A
all that was necessaryB
necessary all thatC
all necessary that D
that all was necessary
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问答题There are robots all along, making our lives easier. Some of them, like the (1) _______pocket calculator, can work much more quickly as human beings can. And they (2) _______rarely make mistakes. In some ways robots are better than people.. They work quickly, but not tomake mistakes. They do not get boring doing the same job over and over (3) _______again. And they never get tired. So are robots very useful in factories. They can be taught to do many (4) _______different jobs. First their electronic brains must show how the job is done. A (5) _______person moves the robot’s “arms” and “hand” through each part of the job. Therobot’s brain remembers each move. When the robot is put to work on its itself, (6) _______its brain controls the rods, wheels and motors which move its arm. When the robot needed for a new job, its electronic memory is “wiped (7) _______clean”. Then it is taught how to do its new task. If the robot’s hand stops to work, or if something gets in the way, it (8) _______cannot do the next part of the job. So it starts and signals for help. Then a (9) _______human engineer attends to the fault. Robots are also used for doing jobs which are dangerous. They canmove objects which are too hot or too heavy to people to handle. They can (10) _______work in places which are too hot or too cold.
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问答题Firstly, the understanding of certain backgrounds is of great significance to the cross-cultural communication. There are two kinds of communication between human beings: one is extroverted, the other is introverted. Like the computer programs, the extroverted communication processes according to the well-edited programs, or it can’t work. On the contrary, communication with the introverts is like that between the twin brothers or sisters, because they have tacit understanding and only need simple sentences or phrases in their conversations.
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