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Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out if this extends to non-living beings,Loleh Quinn at the University of California,San Diego,and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social and one asocial一for 5 our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist,resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment,the social robot rat followed the living rats around,played with the same toys,and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape.Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side Next,the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across 18 trials each,the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one.This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being.They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing.This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier,and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped,says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design.The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We'd assumed we'd have to give it a moving head and tail,facial features,and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat,but that wasn’t necessary,”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia,who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basic robots.Similarly,children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings,even when they display only simple social signals.“We humans seem to be fascinated by robots,and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles.
It can be learned from the text that rats________
It can be learned from the text that rats________
A.appear to be adaptable to new surroundings
B.are more socially active than other animals
C.behave differently from children in socializing
D.are more sensitive to social cues than expected
B.are more socially active than other animals
C.behave differently from children in socializing
D.are more sensitive to social cues than expected
参考答案
参考解析
解析：本题目为推断题，考察基于全文主旨进行推断。题干并没有具体关键词，因此需要通过选项回到文中逐一对应。正确答案D are more sensitive to social cues than expected对社交线索比预期更敏感，与原文尾段首句The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basic robots.（这一发现显示了老鼠对社交暗示的敏感程度，即使是来自基本机器老鼠的社交暗示）属于类似表达。选项A的appear to be adaptable to new surroundings似乎能适应新环境，在文中并未提及，属于无中生有。选项B的are more socially active than other animals比其他动物更活跃，文中只提到其他动物也一样会对机器人着迷，属于偷换概念。干扰项C的behave differently from children in socializing在社交活动中表现得与孩子不同，与原文内容相反，原文内容指的是孩子们倾向于把机器人当作人来对待，即使他们只显示简单的社会信号。这一点与老鼠是一样的，属于正反混淆。
更多 “Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out if this extends to non-living beings,Loleh Quinn at the University of California,San Diego,and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social and one asocial一for 5 our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist,resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment,the social robot rat followed the living rats around,played with the same toys,and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape.Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side Next,the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across 18 trials each,the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one.This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being.They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing.This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier,and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped,says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design.The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We'd assumed we'd have to give it a moving head and tail,facial features,and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat,but that wasn’t necessary,”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia,who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basic robots.Similarly,children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings,even when they display only simple social signals.“We humans seem to be fascinated by robots,and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles. It can be learned from the text that rats________A.appear to be adaptable to new surroundings B.are more socially active than other animals C.behave differently from children in socializing D.are more sensitive to social cues than expected” 相关考题
考题
Everyone needs friends, and if you fail to make friends, you should examine yourself and see if there is something wrong with your personality.Maybe you have social faults such as snobbishness, talkativeness, using slang, etc., which drive away your new acquaintances. Whatever your social faults may be, look at them honestly, and make a real effort to correct them.To be friendly you must feel friendly. Cheerfulness is the basis of friendliness. A cheerful person smiles. A smile is a magnet which draws people. Smile at someone and you are almost sure to get a smile in return.A friendly person does his best to make a stranger feel at home, wherever he happens to be. Put yourself in the other fellow's place and make him feel welcome.Try to remember names. It makes your new acquaintances feel happy when you call them by their names. It gives them the feeling that they have made an impression on you and that must mean something to them because you remember them.If you do not agree with other people on a certain matter, you should appear to be friendly. Do not argue, but discuss. You always lose friends if you argue too much.A friendly person thinks of others, and does not insist on his own “rights”. People who refuse to consider others have few friends.Finally, don't treat people only according to their social position. Really friendly people respect everyone at all times.(1)Those who fail to make friends may ______.A、discuss with others rather than argue with othersB、remember the names of new acquaintancesC、insist on his own rights and fail to stand in others' shoesD、make a stranger feel at home(2)What does the word “magnet” mean in the third paragraph?A、brushB、sth. beautifulC、signD、sth. attractive(3)What can we infer from this passage?A、Others will smile at you if you smile at them.B、If you respect people no matter who they are, you'll make more friends.C、Snobbishness, talkativeness and using slang are some social faults.D、None of the above.(4)According to the passage, which of the following statement is NOT true?A、Making friends has sth. to do with your personality.B、Cheerful smiles can make you friendly in others' eyes.C、Friendly people will treat others according to their social position.D、Thinking of others can bring you more friends.(5)The purpose of the passage is ________.A、how to correct social faultsB、how to build good personalityC、how to feel at home with strangersD、how to make friends
考题
Human beings are social animals; therefore, we need friends and I'm __________ exception.
A.aboveB.beyondC.withoutD.no
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Cryonics movement is trying to find ways to () human beings so they can be revived in the future.
A. conserveB. reserveC. preserveD. deserve
考题
AThe undersea world is very beautiful． Now more and more people want to dive in the water to find the secrets there． Scuba diving is a new sport today． It can take you into a wonder-ful undersea world．You will find many strange animals in the sea． Some are as large as a school bus． Many sea animals give out light in the dark and some have sharp teeth．During the day， there is enough light． Here， under the sea， everything is blue and green．When fish swim nearby， you can catch them with your hands． When you have bottles of air on your back， you can stay in deep water for a long time． However， you can-t dive too deep． And you must be very careful when you dive in deep water．The deep sea is not an easy place to live in． It-s cold， and it，s dark， too． The deeper it is， the less sunlight there is． At about 3，000 feet， there is no light at all． It is very dark in the sea． Many fishes have no eyes． Some have big eyes． A few have eyes on one side． Besides the cold and the darkness， deep-sea animals face a third danger-other animals．Animals eat! They must find food to eat． Many animals eat plants． However， some am-mals eat meat． This means these sea animals have two big jobs． They need to find animals as food， and they have to try not to become other animals' meal．( )21． Why do people want to dive in the sea? Because ________ ．A．they want to catch fishB． they want to find the secrets of the undersea worldC． the sea is deepD， there are all kinds of plants in the sea
考题
Why did Isaksen advise people not to have foreign pets?A. They attack human beings.B. We need to study native animals.C. They can’t live out of the rain forest.D. We do not know much about them yet.
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On most campuses, one can find an international club, which includes Americans, where students can get to know and learn socially from students from other countries, as well as Americans.
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EEvery day we experiencc one of the wonders of the world around us without even realizing it It is not the amszing complexity of television. Nor the impressive tcchnology of transport The universal wonder we share andExperience is our ability to make noises with our mouths, and so transmit ideas and thoughts to each other’s minds. This ability comes so naturally that tend to forget what a miracle（奇迹）it is.Obviously, the ability to talk is something that marks humans off from animals. Of course, some animals have powers just as amazing. Birds can fly thousands of miles by observing positions of the stars in the sky in relation to the time of day and year. In Nature’s went show, humans are a species of animal that have deve pod their own special act. If we reduce it to basie ferms, it’s a ability for communicating information to ther by varying sounds we make as we breathe out.Not the to don’t have other powers of communication. Our facia. expressions convey our emotions, such as anger, or jout or disappointment. The way we hold our beads can indicate to others whether we are happy or sad. This is so-called “body language”. Bristling(直立的)fur is an unmistakable warning of attack among many animals. Similarly, the bowed bead or drooping tail shows a readiness to take second place in any animal gathering.Such a means of communication is a basic mechanism that animals, including human beings, instinctively acquire and display. Is the ability to speak just another sort of instinct? If so, how did human beings acquire this amazing skill? Biologists can readily indicate that particular area of our brain where speech mechanisms function, but this doesn’t tell us how that part of our bodies originated in our biological history.72.According to the passage, the wonder we take for granted is____ .A.our ability to use languageB.the mintle of technalayC.the miaole power of natureD.our canlity to make noises with mouth
考题
What can be inferred from Paragraph 3?A.Body language is uniqun to humans.B.Animals express emotions just as humans do.C.Humans have other poeers of communication.D.Humans are thfferent from animals to some degree.
考题
Most animals have little connection with animals of different kind, unless they hunt them for food. Sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership ( 伙伴关系 ) which does good to both of them. You may have noticed some birds sitting on the backs of sheep. This is not because they want a ride, but because they find easy food in the parasites (寄生虫 ) on sheep. The sheep allow the birds to do so because they remove the cause of discomfort. So although they can manage without each other, they do better together.Sometimes an animal has a plant partner. The relationship develops until the two partners cannot manage without each other. This is so in the corals ( 珊瑚 ) of the sea. In their skins they have tiny plants act as "dustman", taking some of the waste products form. the corals and giving in return oxygen which the animal needs to breathe. If the plants are killed, or are ever prevented from lighting so that they cannot live normally, the corals will die.1、Some birds like to sit on a sheep because ( ).A、they can eat its parasitesB、 they depend on the sheep for existenceC、 they enjoy traveling with the sheepD、 they find the position most comfortable2、The underlined word "they" in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to ( ).A、birds and parasitesB、birds and sheepC、parasites and sheepD、sheep, birds and parasites3、What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? ( )A、Some animals and plants depend on each other for existence.B、 Some animals and plants develop their relationship easily.C、 Some plants depend on each other for fooD、 Some animals live better together.4、What does this article talk about? ( )A、Two kinds of animals for a partnership.B、Most animals only have connection with animals.C、The connection between the living things.D、Corals have some connection with plants.
考题
One can never find out what the other people think about from his facial expression.
A、It means "wearing the mask"B、It means "keeping ideas to herself"C、It means "telling everyone her bright ideas"D、It means "agreeing with others’ ideas"
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Text 4Anthropology is the study of human beings as creatures of society. It fastens its attention upon those physical characteristics and industrial techniques, those conventions and values, which distinguish one community from all others that belong to a different tradition.The distinguishing mark of anthropology among the social sciences is that it includes for serious study more other societies than our own. For its purposes any social regulation of mating and reproduction is as significant as our own, though it may be that of the Sea Dyaks, and have no possible historical relation to that of our civilization. To the anthropologist, our customs and those of a New Guinea tribe are two possible social schemes for dealing with a common problem, arid in so far as he remains an anthropologist he is bound to avoid any weighting of one in favor of the other, lie is interested in human behavior, not as it is shaped by one tradition, our own, but as it has been shaped by any tradition whatsoever. He is interested in a wide range of custom that is found in various cultures, and his object is to understand the way in which these cultures change and differentiated, the different forms through which they express themselves and the manner in which the customs of any peoples function in the lives of the individuals.Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great moment. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior. at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way round. Traditional custom is a mass of detailed behavior. more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of first rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and belief, and the very great varieties it may manifest.36. According to the passage, we can say that anthropology ______.A)can deal with human beings as one group of the creatures in the living worldB) can reveal an enormous diversity of traditionsC) can provide insights into the relationship between human beings and natureD) can distinguish the human race from other creatures
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According to the author, at a big party, small talk is used with the purpose of__________.A.making both others and yourself feel at ease
B.excluding those you don't like from joining you
C.keeping your voice low so only your friends can hear you
D.comforting those who feel lonely
考题
Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out if this extends to non-living beings,Loleh Quinn at the University of California,San Diego,and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social and one asocial一for 5 our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist,resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment,the social robot rat followed the living rats around,played with the same toys,and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape.Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side Next,the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across 18 trials each,the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one.This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being.They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing.This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier,and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped,says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design.The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We'd assumed we'd have to give it a moving head and tail,facial features,and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat,but that wasn’t necessary,”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia,who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basic robots.Similarly,children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings,even when they display only simple social signals.“We humans seem to be fascinated by robots,and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles.
What did the social robot do during the experiment?A.It followed the social robot.
B.It played with some toys.
C.It set the trapped rats free.
D.It moved around alone.
考题
Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out if this extends to non-living beings,Loleh Quinn at the University of California,San Diego,and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social and one asocial一for 5 our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist,resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment,the social robot rat followed the living rats around,played with the same toys,and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape.Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side Next,the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across 18 trials each,the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one.This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being.They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing.This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier,and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped,says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design.The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We'd assumed we'd have to give it a moving head and tail,facial features,and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat,but that wasn’t necessary,”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia,who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basic robots.Similarly,children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings,even when they display only simple social signals.“We humans seem to be fascinated by robots,and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles.James Wiles notes that rats________A.can remember other rat's facial features
B.differentiate smells better than sizes
C.respond more to cations than to looks
D.can be scared by a plastic box on wheels
考题
Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out if this extends to non-living beings,Loleh Quinn at the University of California,San Diego,and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social and one asocial一for 5 our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist,resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment,the social robot rat followed the living rats around,played with the same toys,and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape.Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side Next,the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across 18 trials each,the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one.This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being.They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing.This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier,and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped,says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design.The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We'd assumed we'd have to give it a moving head and tail,facial features,and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat,but that wasn’t necessary,”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia,who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basic robots.Similarly,children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings,even when they display only simple social signals.“We humans seem to be fascinated by robots,and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles.
According to Quinn,the rats released the social robot because they________A.tried to practice a means of escape
B.expected it to do the same in return
C.wanted to display their intelligence
D.considered that an interesting game
考题
Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out if this extends to non-living beings,Loleh Quinn at the University of California,San Diego,and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social and one asocial一for 5 our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist,resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment,the social robot rat followed the living rats around,played with the same toys,and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape.Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side Next,the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across 18 trials each,the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one.This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being.They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing.This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier,and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped,says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design.The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We'd assumed we'd have to give it a moving head and tail,facial features,and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat,but that wasn’t necessary,”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia,who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basic robots.Similarly,children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings,even when they display only simple social signals.“We humans seem to be fascinated by robots,and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles.Quin and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can________A.pickup social signals from non-living rats
B.distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one
C.attain sociable traits through special training
D.send out warning messages to their fellow
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Spacing in Animals1. Any observant person has noticed that a wild animal will allow a man or other potential enemy to approach only up to a given distance before it flees.“Flight distance”is the terms used for this interspecies spacing. As a general rule,there is a positive relationship between the size of an ani-mal and its flight distance-the larger the animal,the greater the distance it must keep between itself and the enemy.An antelope will flee when the enemy is as much as five hundred yards a-way .The wall lizard's flight distance,on the other hand,is about six feet. Flight is the basic means of survival for mobile creatures.2. Critical distance apparently is present wherever and whenever there is a flight reaction.“Criti-cal distance”includes the narrow zone separating flight distance from attack distance.A lion in a zoo will flee from an approaching man until it meets a barrier that it cannot overcome.If the man continues the approach,he soon penetrates the lion's critical distance,at which point the cor-nered lion reverses direction and begins slowly to stalk the man.3 .Social animals need to stay in touch with each other. Loss of contact with the group can be fatal for a variety of reasons including exposure to enemies.Social distance is not simply the dis- tance at which an animal will lose contact with his group-that is,the distance at which it can no longer see,hear,or smell the group-it is rather a psychological distance,one at which the animal apparently begins to feel anxious when he exceeds its limits.We can think of it as a hidden band that contains the group.4. Social distance varies from species to species.It is quite short-apparently only a few yardsamong some animals,and quite long among others.5. Social distance is not always rigidly fixed but is determined in part by the situation.When the young of apes and humans are mobile but not yet under control of the mother's voice,social distance may be the length of her reach.This is readily observed among the baboons in a zoo.When the baby approaches a certain point,the mother reaches out to seize the end of its tail and pull it back to her. When added control is needed because of danger,social distance shrinks.To show this in man,one has only to watch a family with a number of small children holding hands as they cross a busy street. If an animal's critical distance is penetrated,it will______.A: differs among animal speciesB: to psychological distanceC: begin to attackD: to physiological distanceE: distance between an animal and its enemy before fleeingF: distance between certain animal species before fleeing
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Spacing in Animals1. Any observant person has noticed that a wild animal will allow a man or other potential enemy to approach only up to a given distance before it flees.“Flight distance”is the terms used for this interspecies spacing. As a general rule,there is a positive relationship between the size of an ani-mal and its flight distance-the larger the animal,the greater the distance it must keep between itself and the enemy.An antelope will flee when the enemy is as much as five hundred yards a-way .The wall lizard's flight distance,on the other hand,is about six feet. Flight is the basic means of survival for mobile creatures.2. Critical distance apparently is present wherever and whenever there is a flight reaction.“Criti-cal distance”includes the narrow zone separating flight distance from attack distance.A lion in a zoo will flee from an approaching man until it meets a barrier that it cannot overcome.If the man continues the approach,he soon penetrates the lion's critical distance,at which point the cor-nered lion reverses direction and begins slowly to stalk the man.3 .Social animals need to stay in touch with each other. Loss of contact with the group can be fatal for a variety of reasons including exposure to enemies.Social distance is not simply the dis- tance at which an animal will lose contact with his group-that is,the distance at which it can no longer see,hear,or smell the group-it is rather a psychological distance,one at which the animal apparently begins to feel anxious when he exceeds its limits.We can think of it as a hidden band that contains the group.4. Social distance varies from species to species.It is quite short-apparently only a few yardsamong some animals,and quite long among others.5. Social distance is not always rigidly fixed but is determined in part by the situation.When the young of apes and humans are mobile but not yet under control of the mother's voice,social distance may be the length of her reach.This is readily observed among the baboons in a zoo.When the baby approaches a certain point,the mother reaches out to seize the end of its tail and pull it back to her. When added control is needed because of danger,social distance shrinks.To show this in man,one has only to watch a family with a number of small children holding hands as they cross a busy street. Paragraph 5______A: Philosophical distanceB: Flight distanceC: Social distance is determined in part by the situationD: Critical distanceE: Social distanceF: Physical distance
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共用题干
Spacing in Animals1. Any observant person has noticed that a wild animal will allow a man or other potential enemy to approach only up to a given distance before it flees.“Flight distance”is the terms used for this interspecies spacing. As a general rule,there is a positive relationship between the size of an ani-mal and its flight distance-the larger the animal,the greater the distance it must keep between itself and the enemy.An antelope will flee when the enemy is as much as five hundred yards a-way .The wall lizard's flight distance,on the other hand,is about six feet. Flight is the basic means of survival for mobile creatures.2. Critical distance apparently is present wherever and whenever there is a flight reaction.“Criti-cal distance”includes the narrow zone separating flight distance from attack distance.A lion in a zoo will flee from an approaching man until it meets a barrier that it cannot overcome.If the man continues the approach,he soon penetrates the lion's critical distance,at which point the cor-nered lion reverses direction and begins slowly to stalk the man.3 .Social animals need to stay in touch with each other. Loss of contact with the group can be fatal for a variety of reasons including exposure to enemies.Social distance is not simply the dis- tance at which an animal will lose contact with his group-that is,the distance at which it can no longer see,hear,or smell the group-it is rather a psychological distance,one at which the animal apparently begins to feel anxious when he exceeds its limits.We can think of it as a hidden band that contains the group.4. Social distance varies from species to species.It is quite short-apparently only a few yardsamong some animals,and quite long among others.5. Social distance is not always rigidly fixed but is determined in part by the situation.When the young of apes and humans are mobile but not yet under control of the mother's voice,social distance may be the length of her reach.This is readily observed among the baboons in a zoo.When the baby approaches a certain point,the mother reaches out to seize the end of its tail and pull it back to her. When added control is needed because of danger,social distance shrinks.To show this in man,one has only to watch a family with a number of small children holding hands as they cross a busy street. According to the passage,social distance refers______.A: differs among animal speciesB: to psychological distanceC: begin to attackD: to physiological distanceE: distance between an animal and its enemy before fleeingF: distance between certain animal species before fleeing
考题
Can animals be made to work for us?Some scientists think that one day animals may be trained?to do a number of simple jobs that are now done by human beings.
They point out that at a circus,for example,we may see elephants,monkeys,dogs and other ani-mals doing quite skillful things.Perhaps you have seen them on the television or in a film.If you?watch closely,you may notice that the trainer always gives the animal a piece of candy or a piece of?fruit as a reward.The scientists say that many different animals may be trained to do a number of?simple jobs if they know they will get a reward for doing them.
Of course,as we know,dogs can be used to guard a house,and soldiers in both old and modern?times have used geese to give warning by making a lot of noise when a stranger or an enemy comes?near.But it may be possible to train animals to work in factories.In Russia,for example,pigeons?which are birds with good eyesight,are being nsed to watch out for faults in small steel balls that are?being made in one factory.When the pigeon sees a ball which looks different from others,it touches a?steel plate with its beak.This turns on a light to warn people in the factory.At the same time a few?seeds are given as a reward.It takes three to five weeks to train a pigeon to do this and one pigeon?can inspect 3,000 to 4,000 balls an hour.
Apes have been used in America in helping to make cars,and scientists believe that these large?monkeys may be one day gather crops and even drive trains.
What made scientists think animal can be made to work for us one day?A.Animals are very skillful at a circus.
B.They are big and strong.
C.Some animals are as clever as human beings.
D.Animals carl be trained because they like to get something as a reward.
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问答题With computers, people can now shop, bank, work and communicate from the home. The danger is that people could become isolated from each other and lose social skills which help them to get along with others. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion? Write a composition of about 400 words to discuss this topic.
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单选题Which of the following statements is NOT made in the passage?A
Human beings are rhythmical physiologically and emotionally.B
Rhythm is what differentiates humans from other animals.C
Human beings seem to be born with a love for rhythm.
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单选题According to the author, at a big party, small talk is used with the purpose of ______.A
making both others and yourself feel at easeB
excluding those you don’t like from joining youC
keeping your voice low so only your friends can hear youD
comforting those who feel lonely
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单选题The sl：shoppingList and sl：item tags output a shopping list to the response and are used as follows： 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. The tag handler for sl：shoppingList is ShoppingListTag and the tag handler for sl：item is ItemSimpleTag.ShoppingListTag extends BodyTagSupport and ItemSimpleTag extends SimpleTagSupport.Which is true？（）A
ItemSimpleTag can find the enclosing instance of ShoppingListTag by calling getParent（） and castingthe result to ShoppingListTag.B
ShoppingListTag can find the child instances of ItemSimpleTag by calling super.getChildren（） andcasting each to an ItemSimpleTag.C
It is impossible for ItemSimpleTag and ShoppingListTag to find each other in a tag hierarchy becauseone is a Simple tag and the other is a Classic tag.D
ShoppingListTag can find the child instances of ItemSimpleTag by calling getChildren（） on thePageContext and casting each to an ItemSimpleTag.E
ItemSimpleTag can find the enclosing instance of ShoppingListTag by calling findAncestorWithClass（）on the PageContext and casting the result to ShoppingListTag.
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单选题For a child the first element in his learning by imitation is______.A
the need to find an authorityB
the need to find a way to achieve the desired resultC
the need for more affection from his parentsD
the desire to meet the standards of his social group
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问答题Only one other word can be made from all the letters of INSATIABLE. Can you find it?
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