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共用题干
Beyond the Pap
Scientists have known for some time that virtually all cases of cervical cancer are triggered by a family of viruses called human papillomavirus,or HPV.Most women who become infected with HPV are able to shake off the virus and suffer no apparent long-term consequences to their health.But a few women develop a per- sistent infection that can,for reasons that are not entirely clear,eventually lead to cancerous changes in the cervix。
Now researchers at the Digene Corp.of Beltsville,Maryland,have developed a test that detects an ac- tive HPV infection by looking for its genetic byproducts in the vagina.The HPV test was better than the standard Pap test at finding cervical cancer at any stage,according to two studies published this month in the Journal of the American Medical Association.So far,so good.Unfortunately,the test's false-positive rate- how often it indicated that there was a problem when none existed-was almost twice as high as that for the Pap smear.In these cases,a biopsy of the woman's cervix showed no sign of disease.
And that's the crux of the problem.How many women should undergo what is,when it comes right down to it,unnecessary treatment to find a few more cases of cervical cancer? Shouldn't health officials fodus instead on making sure that more women undergo regular Papsmear examinations?After all,Pap smears,though far from perfect,have helped dramatically lower the death toll from cervical cancer,taking it from the No.1 cause of death due to cancer in American women to the 10th.
Complicating matters is the fact that HPV is a very common infection.In some parts of the US as many as half of all women under age 35 have an active case.Yet 99 out of 100 women who are HPV-positive will never get cervical cancer,estimates Dr.Joanna Cain,vice president of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists."If those 99 women live their lives as if they're going to develop cancer,"she says, "we're not necessarily doing them any good."
At present,the HPV test is approved in the US only to help resolve ambiguous results from a Papsmear test.Many gynecologists believe that HPV will eventually replace the Pap.But they're not willing to aban don it without a lot more detailed information and neither should you.
Beyond the Pap
Scientists have known for some time that virtually all cases of cervical cancer are triggered by a family of viruses called human papillomavirus,or HPV.Most women who become infected with HPV are able to shake off the virus and suffer no apparent long-term consequences to their health.But a few women develop a per- sistent infection that can,for reasons that are not entirely clear,eventually lead to cancerous changes in the cervix。
Now researchers at the Digene Corp.of Beltsville,Maryland,have developed a test that detects an ac- tive HPV infection by looking for its genetic byproducts in the vagina.The HPV test was better than the standard Pap test at finding cervical cancer at any stage,according to two studies published this month in the Journal of the American Medical Association.So far,so good.Unfortunately,the test's false-positive rate- how often it indicated that there was a problem when none existed-was almost twice as high as that for the Pap smear.In these cases,a biopsy of the woman's cervix showed no sign of disease.
And that's the crux of the problem.How many women should undergo what is,when it comes right down to it,unnecessary treatment to find a few more cases of cervical cancer? Shouldn't health officials fodus instead on making sure that more women undergo regular Papsmear examinations?After all,Pap smears,though far from perfect,have helped dramatically lower the death toll from cervical cancer,taking it from the No.1 cause of death due to cancer in American women to the 10th.
Complicating matters is the fact that HPV is a very common infection.In some parts of the US as many as half of all women under age 35 have an active case.Yet 99 out of 100 women who are HPV-positive will never get cervical cancer,estimates Dr.Joanna Cain,vice president of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists."If those 99 women live their lives as if they're going to develop cancer,"she says, "we're not necessarily doing them any good."
At present,the HPV test is approved in the US only to help resolve ambiguous results from a Papsmear test.Many gynecologists believe that HPV will eventually replace the Pap.But they're not willing to aban don it without a lot more detailed information and neither should you.
Cervical cancer used to be the No.1 killer cancer to women in America.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
参考答案
参考解析
解析：文章第一段第一句中提到，一段时间以来，科学家们已经知道几乎所有的子宫颈癌病例都是由一组名为人类乳头状瘤病毒或HPV的病毒引起的，但题干中所陈述的一段时间以前美国科学家发现了引发子宫颈癌的原因在文章中并未提及。故本题选C。
由文章第一段最后一句话可知，只有少数妇女会在长期感染这种病毒后发生宫颈癌变。题干内容与之相符，故选A。
文章第二段前半部分内容主要描述了人类乳头状瘤病毒检测方法的优势。但在第四句中提到，这种试验的假阳性率是巴氏涂片试验假阳性率的两倍，故选B。
由文章第三段最后一句的内容可知，虽然巴氏涂片试验还远未完善，但却为减少因子宫颈癌而死亡的人数起到了巨大的帮助作用。题干的内容和此处含义相符，故选A。
由文章第三段最后一句中的“… taking it from the No.1 cause of death due to … to the 10th.”可知，子宫颈癌是危害美国女性生命和健康的头号杀手，题干的内容表述正确，故选A。
文章第四段中提到，99%的人类乳头状瘤病毒阳性的妇女都不会患子宫颈癌。如果医务工作者使这些女性惶惶不安，整日担心会患上癌症，这将会给她们带来不良影响。故本题选A。
文章最后一段第二句中提到，很多妇科专家都相信人类乳头状瘤病毒试验终将取代巴氏涂片试验。但作者在此处只是客观陈述，并未表达自己的观点。故本题选C。
由文章第一段最后一句话可知，只有少数妇女会在长期感染这种病毒后发生宫颈癌变。题干内容与之相符，故选A。
文章第二段前半部分内容主要描述了人类乳头状瘤病毒检测方法的优势。但在第四句中提到，这种试验的假阳性率是巴氏涂片试验假阳性率的两倍，故选B。
由文章第三段最后一句的内容可知，虽然巴氏涂片试验还远未完善，但却为减少因子宫颈癌而死亡的人数起到了巨大的帮助作用。题干的内容和此处含义相符，故选A。
由文章第三段最后一句中的“… taking it from the No.1 cause of death due to … to the 10th.”可知，子宫颈癌是危害美国女性生命和健康的头号杀手，题干的内容表述正确，故选A。
文章第四段中提到，99%的人类乳头状瘤病毒阳性的妇女都不会患子宫颈癌。如果医务工作者使这些女性惶惶不安，整日担心会患上癌症，这将会给她们带来不良影响。故本题选A。
文章最后一段第二句中提到，很多妇科专家都相信人类乳头状瘤病毒试验终将取代巴氏涂片试验。但作者在此处只是客观陈述，并未表达自己的观点。故本题选C。
更多 “共用题干 Beyond the PapScientists have known for some time that virtually all cases of cervical cancer are triggered by a family of viruses called human papillomavirus,or HPV.Most women who become infected with HPV are able to shake off the virus and suffer no apparent long-term consequences to their health.But a few women develop a per- sistent infection that can,for reasons that are not entirely clear,eventually lead to cancerous changes in the cervix。Now researchers at the Digene Corp.of Beltsville,Maryland,have developed a test that detects an ac- tive HPV infection by looking for its genetic byproducts in the vagina.The HPV test was better than the standard Pap test at finding cervical cancer at any stage,according to two studies published this month in the Journal of the American Medical Association.So far,so good.Unfortunately,the test's false-positive rate- how often it indicated that there was a problem when none existed-was almost twice as high as that for the Pap smear.In these cases,a biopsy of the woman's cervix showed no sign of disease.And that's the crux of the problem.How many women should undergo what is,when it comes right down to it,unnecessary treatment to find a few more cases of cervical cancer? Shouldn't health officials fodus instead on making sure that more women undergo regular Papsmear examinations?After all,Pap smears,though far from perfect,have helped dramatically lower the death toll from cervical cancer,taking it from the No.1 cause of death due to cancer in American women to the 10th.Complicating matters is the fact that HPV is a very common infection.In some parts of the US as many as half of all women under age 35 have an active case.Yet 99 out of 100 women who are HPV-positive will never get cervical cancer,estimates Dr.Joanna Cain,vice president of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists."If those 99 women live their lives as if they're going to develop cancer,"she says, "we're not necessarily doing them any good."At present,the HPV test is approved in the US only to help resolve ambiguous results from a Papsmear test.Many gynecologists believe that HPV will eventually replace the Pap.But they're not willing to aban don it without a lot more detailed information and neither should you.Cervical cancer used to be the No.1 killer cancer to women in America.A:Right B:Wrong C:Not mentioned” 相关考题
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