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3 The directors of The Healthy Eating Group (HEG), a successful restaurant chain, which commenced trading in 1998,have decided to enter the sandwich market in Homeland, its country of operation. It has set up a separate operationunder the name of Healthy Sandwiches Co (HSC). A management team for HSC has been recruited via a recruitmentconsultancy which specialises in food sector appointments. Homeland has very high unemployment and the vastmajority of its workforce has no experience in a food manufacturing environment. HSC will commence trading on1 January 2008.The following information is available:(1) HSC has agreed to make and supply sandwiches to agreed recipes for the Superior Food Group (SFG) whichowns a chain of supermarkets in all towns and cities within Homeland. SFG insists that it selects the suppliersof the ingredients that are used in making the sandwiches it sells and therefore HSC would be unable to reducethe costs of the ingredients used in the sandwiches. HSC will be the sole supplier for SFG.(2) The number of sandwiches sold per year in Homeland is 625 million. SFG has a market share of 4%.(3) The average selling price of all sandwiches sold by SFG is $2·40. SFG wishes to make a mark-up of 331/3% onall sandwiches sold. 90% of all sandwiches sold by SFG are sold before 2 pm each day. The majority of theremaining 10% are sold after 8 pm. It is the intention that all sandwiches are sold on the day that they aredelivered into SFG’s supermarkets.(4) The finance director of HSC has estimated that the average cost of ingredients per sandwich is $0·70. Allsandwiches are made by hand.(5) Packaging and labelling costs amount to $0·15 per sandwich.(6) Fixed overheads have been estimated to amount to $5,401,000 per annum. Note that fixed overheads includeall wages and salaries costs as all employees are subject to fixed term employment contracts.(7) Distribution costs are expected to amount to 8% of HSC’s revenue.(8) The finance director of HSC has stated that he believes the target sales margin of 32% can be achieved, althoughhe is concerned about the effect that an increase in the cost of all ingredients would have on the forecast profits(assuming that all other revenue/cost data remains unchanged).(9) The existing management information system of HEG was purchased at the time that HEG commenced trading.The directors are now considering investing in an enterprise resource planning system (ERPS).Required:(a) Using only the above information, show how the finance director of HSC reached his conclusion regardingthe expected sales margin and also state whether he was correct to be concerned about an increase in theprice of ingredients. (5 marks)
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You are an audit manager at Rockwell Co, a firm of Chartered Certified Accountants. You are responsible for the audit of the Hopper Group, a listed audit client which supplies ingredients to the food and beverage industry worldwide.The audit work for the year ended 30 June 2015 is nearly complete, and you are reviewing the draft audit report which has been prepared by the audit senior. During the year the Hopper Group purchased a new subsidiary company, Seurat Sweeteners Co, which has expertise in the research and design of sugar alternatives. The draft financial statements of the Hopper Group for the year ended 30 June 2015 recognise profit before tax of $495 million (2014 – $462 million) and total assets of $4,617 million (2014: $4,751 million). An extract from the draft audit report is shown below:Basis of modified opinion (extract)In their calculation of goodwill on the acquisition of the new subsidiary, the directors have failed to recognise consideration which is contingent upon meeting certain development targets. The directors believe that it is unlikely that these targets will be met by the subsidiary company and, therefore, have not recorded the contingent consideration in the cost of the acquisition. They have disclosed this contingent liability fully in the notes to the financial statements. We do not feel that the directors’ treatment of the contingent consideration is correct and, therefore, do not believe that the criteria of the relevant standard have been met. If this is the case, it would be appropriate to adjust the goodwill balance in the statement of financial position.We believe that any required adjustment may materially affect the goodwill balance in the statement of financial position. Therefore, in our opinion, the financial statements do not give a true and fair view of the financial position of the Hopper Group and of the Hopper Group’s financial performance and cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards.Emphasis of Matter ParagraphWe draw attention to the note to the financial statements which describes the uncertainty relating to the contingent consideration described above. The note provides further information necessary to understand the potential implications of the contingency.Required:(a) Critically appraise the draft audit report of the Hopper Group for the year ended 30 June 2015, prepared by the audit senior.Note: You are NOT required to re-draft the extracts from the audit report. (10 marks)(b) The audit of the new subsidiary, Seurat Sweeteners Co, was performed by a different firm of auditors, Fish Associates. During your review of the communication from Fish Associates, you note that they were unable to obtain sufficient appropriate evidence with regard to the breakdown of research expenses. The total of research costs expensed by Seurat Sweeteners Co during the year was $1·2 million. Fish Associates has issued a qualified audit opinion on the financial statements of Seurat Sweeteners Co due to this inability to obtain sufficient appropriate evidence.Required:Comment on the actions which Rockwell Co should take as the auditor of the Hopper Group, and the implications for the auditor’s report on the Hopper Group financial statements. (6 marks)(c) Discuss the quality control procedures which should be carried out by Rockwell Co prior to the audit report on the Hopper Group being issued. (4 marks)
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Ice Cream Taster Has Sweet Job
John Harrison has what must be the most wanted job in the United States. He’s the official taster for Edy’s Grand Ice Cream, one of the nation’s best-selling brands. Harrison’s taste buds are insured for $1 million. ___1___ And when he isn’t doing that, he travels, buying Edy’s in supermarkets all over the country so that he can check for perfect appearance, texture, and flavor.
After I interviewed Harrison, I realized that the life of an ice cream taster isn’t all Cookies ’n Cream — a flavor that* he invented, by the way. No, it’s extremely hard work, which requires discipline and selflessness.
For one thing, he doesn’t swallow on the job. Like a coffee taster, Harrison spits. Using a gold spoon to avoid “off” flavors, he takes a small bite and moves it around in his mouth to introduce it to all 9,000 or so taste buds. ___2___ Then he breathes in gently to bring the aroma up through the back of his nose. Each step helps Harrison evaluate whether the ice cream has a good balance of dairy, sweetness, and added ingredients 一 the three-flavor components of ice cream. Then, even if the ice cream tastes heavenly, he puts it into a trash can. A full stomach makes it, impossible to judge the quality of the flavors.
During the workweek, Harrison told me that he has to make other sacrifices, too: no onions, garlic, or spicy food, and no caffeine. Caffeine will block the taste buds, he says, so his breakfast is a cup of herbal tea. ___3___
Harrison’s family has been in the ice cream business in one way or another1 for four generations, so Harrison has spent his entire life with it2. However, he has never lost his love for its cold, creamy sweetness. ___4___ On these occasions3, he does swallow, and he eats about a quart (0.95 liters) each week. By comparison4, the average person in the United States eats 23.2 quarts (21. 96 liters) of ice cream and other frozen dairy products each year.
Edy’s ice cream is available in dozens of flavors. So what flavor does the best-trained ice-cream taster in the country prefer? Vanilla! In fact, vanilla is the best-selling variety in the United States. ___5___ “It’s a very complex flavor,” Harrison says.
词汇：
taste bud 味蕾
texture /'tekst /a/ n. 质地
aroma / 'r um / n. 芳香
vanilla /v 'ml / n. 香草
注释：
1. in one way or another：以某种方式,用这样或那样的方式
2. has spent his entire life with it：为此他已付出一生。spend.…with sth.：花（时间等）在某事上
3. on these occasions：在这种场合下
4. by comparison：相比之下
练习：
A However, you should never call it plain vanilla.
B He even orders ice cream in restaurants for dessert.
C Next he smack-smack-smacks his lips to get some air into the sample.
D This is a small price to pay for what he calls the world’s best job.
E In his younger days, he would help out at the ice cream factory his uncle owned.
F He gets to sample 60 ice creams a day at Edy’s headquarters in Oakland, California.
考题
Primer on Smell
In addition to bringing out1 the flavor of food, what does the sense of smell do for us ?
Smell “gives us information about place, about where we are,” says Randall Reed, a Johns Hopkins University professor whose specialty is the sense of smell. ___1___ “Whether we realize it or not, we collect a lot of information about who is around us based on smell,” says Reed.
Even at a distance, odors can warn us of2 trouble — spoiled food, leaking gas, or fire. “It’s a great alert,” offers Donald Leopold, a doctor at Johns Hopkins. For example, if something in the oven is burning, everyone in the house knows it.
With just a simple scent, smell can also evoke very intense emotion. Let’s say, for example, that the smell is purple petunias. ___2___ Now let’s imagine that your mother died when you were three, and she used to have a flower garden. You wouldn’t need to identify the smell or to have conscious memories of your mother or her garden. You would feel sad as soon as you smelled that spicy odor.
Compared with3 animals, how well do people detect smelts ?
That depends on what you mean by “how well”. We are low on receptor cells ： current estimates say that humans have roughly five million smell-receptor cells, about as many as a mouse. ___3___
Reed says that, across species, there is a relatively good correlation between the number of receptor cells and how strong the sense of smell is. “You can hardly find the olfactory bulb in a human brain —— it’s a pea-sized object. In a mouse, it’s a little bigger. It’s bean-sized in a rat, about the size of your little finger in a rabbit, and the size of your thumb in a bloodhound.”
Does that mean that our sense of smell is not very acute ?
Not exactly. While we may not have the olfactory range of other creatures, the receptors we do have are as sensitive as those of any animal. ___4___ A trained “nose”, such as that of a professional in the perfume business, can name and distinguish about 10,000 odors. Reed says that a perfume expert can sniff a modem scent that has a hundred different odorants in it, go into the lab, and list the ingredients. “In a modest amount of time, he comes back with what to you or me would smell like a perfect imitation of that perfume. It’s amazing.”
What happens to4 our sense of smell as we age ?
Many people continue to have good olfactory function as they get older. ___5___ Leopold says that smell is generally highest in childhood, stays the same from the teens through the 50s, and drops starting at about 60 for women and 65 for men. “The average 80-year-old is only able to smell things half as well as the average 20-year-old,” says Leopold.
词汇：
scent /sent/ n. 气味，香味
petunia /p 'tju:ni / n. 喇叭花
olfactory / l'f kt( )ri/ adj. 嗔觉的，味道的
sniff /snif/ v. 嗅，闻，用力吸
注释：
1. bring out：使……显出，使……变得明显
2. warn of：发出关于……的警告。warn sb. of sth.：警告某人某事
3. compare with：与……相比
4. happen to：发生于，发生在
练习：
A These flowers have a rich spiciness that no other petunia has.
B Odors, or smells, can warn us about trouble.
C That’s not the rule, however.
D And smell tells us about people.
E We can also think, and we make conscious (and successful) efforts to tell the difference between one smell and another.
F A rat has some 10 million, a rabbit 20 million, and a bloodhound 100 million.
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第一篇irradiating（照射）fruits, vegetable, pork and chicken to kill insects and bacteria has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration over the past decade or so.Irradiation of other meats, such as beef and lamb,is being reviewed.Federal approval dose not require that industry adopt the process,and few food processors presently offer irradiated products.Market studies have shown that many consumers are afraid that eating irradiated food may cause cancer,despite scientific studies that prove the safety of treated food.Some people argue that more severe government inspection,higher food-safety standards,and more careful food-preparation practices by consumers are all that is needed to ensure that food is safe.Consequently,companies currently see no need to spend millions of dollars outfitting（配备）processing plants with the equipment necessary for a process that very few shoppers are in favor of.All supermarkets that sell irradiated food must label that food either directly on the packaging or in the case of bulk items like fruits and vegetables by placing a sign nearby. There is no requirement for the labeling of irradiated food served by chain restaurants or hospitals that buy directly from distributors,nor any regulations for products that contain irradiated ingredients.Presently,the FDA allows food to be treated with three types of radiation一gamma rays,highenergy electrons,and X-rays,and sets limits on doses（辐射量）depending on the type of food. The principle is that the dose to be used for a certain type of food should not exceed the amount that is sufficient to kill most harmful insects and bacteria present in it.Different types of food,because of their different molecular（分子）compositions,may require different doses of radiation.Which of the following statements about the consumers' attitude toward irradiated foods is NOT true?A:Many consumers are afraid that irradiated foods may cause cancer. B:Some consumers are doubtful of the safety of irradiated foods.C:Some consumers suggest a more severe government inspection be taken.D:Most consumers welcome the food processing companies outfitted with irradiated equipment.
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第一篇irradiating（照射）fruits, vegetable, pork and chicken to kill insects and bacteria has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration over the past decade or so.Irradiation of other meats, such as beef and lamb,is being reviewed.Federal approval dose not require that industry adopt the process,and few food processors presently offer irradiated products.Market studies have shown that many consumers are afraid that eating irradiated food may cause cancer,despite scientific studies that prove the safety of treated food.Some people argue that more severe government inspection,higher food-safety standards,and more careful food-preparation practices by consumers are all that is needed to ensure that food is safe.Consequently,companies currently see no need to spend millions of dollars outfitting（配备）processing plants with the equipment necessary for a process that very few shoppers are in favor of.All supermarkets that sell irradiated food must label that food either directly on the packaging or in the case of bulk items like fruits and vegetables by placing a sign nearby. There is no requirement for the labeling of irradiated food served by chain restaurants or hospitals that buy directly from distributors,nor any regulations for products that contain irradiated ingredients.Presently,the FDA allows food to be treated with three types of radiation一gamma rays,highenergy electrons,and X-rays,and sets limits on doses（辐射量）depending on the type of food. The principle is that the dose to be used for a certain type of food should not exceed the amount that is sufficient to kill most harmful insects and bacteria present in it.Different types of food,because of their different molecular（分子）compositions,may require different doses of radiation.According to the passage,killing insets and bacteria present in food by irradiating_________. A:has been completely approved by the FDAB:is being reviewed by the FDAC:is not completely approved by the U.S. governmentD:has been widely adopted in the U.S.
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第一篇irradiating（照射）fruits, vegetable, pork and chicken to kill insects and bacteria has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration over the past decade or so.Irradiation of other meats, such as beef and lamb,is being reviewed.Federal approval dose not require that industry adopt the process,and few food processors presently offer irradiated products.Market studies have shown that many consumers are afraid that eating irradiated food may cause cancer,despite scientific studies that prove the safety of treated food.Some people argue that more severe government inspection,higher food-safety standards,and more careful food-preparation practices by consumers are all that is needed to ensure that food is safe.Consequently,companies currently see no need to spend millions of dollars outfitting（配备）processing plants with the equipment necessary for a process that very few shoppers are in favor of.All supermarkets that sell irradiated food must label that food either directly on the packaging or in the case of bulk items like fruits and vegetables by placing a sign nearby. There is no requirement for the labeling of irradiated food served by chain restaurants or hospitals that buy directly from distributors,nor any regulations for products that contain irradiated ingredients.Presently,the FDA allows food to be treated with three types of radiation一gamma rays,highenergy electrons,and X-rays,and sets limits on doses（辐射量）depending on the type of food. The principle is that the dose to be used for a certain type of food should not exceed the amount that is sufficient to kill most harmful insects and bacteria present in it.Different types of food,because of their different molecular（分子）compositions,may require different doses of radiation.Irradiated food has to be labeled when_________.A:it is sold at the supermarketB:it is served at the restaurantsC:it is provided in the hospitalsD:it is produced at the factories
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第一篇irradiating（照射）fruits, vegetable, pork and chicken to kill insects and bacteria has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration over the past decade or so.Irradiation of other meats, such as beef and lamb,is being reviewed.Federal approval dose not require that industry adopt the process,and few food processors presently offer irradiated products.Market studies have shown that many consumers are afraid that eating irradiated food may cause cancer,despite scientific studies that prove the safety of treated food.Some people argue that more severe government inspection,higher food-safety standards,and more careful food-preparation practices by consumers are all that is needed to ensure that food is safe.Consequently,companies currently see no need to spend millions of dollars outfitting（配备）processing plants with the equipment necessary for a process that very few shoppers are in favor of.All supermarkets that sell irradiated food must label that food either directly on the packaging or in the case of bulk items like fruits and vegetables by placing a sign nearby. There is no requirement for the labeling of irradiated food served by chain restaurants or hospitals that buy directly from distributors,nor any regulations for products that contain irradiated ingredients.Presently,the FDA allows food to be treated with three types of radiation一gamma rays,highenergy electrons,and X-rays,and sets limits on doses（辐射量）depending on the type of food. The principle is that the dose to be used for a certain type of food should not exceed the amount that is sufficient to kill most harmful insects and bacteria present in it.Different types of food,because of their different molecular（分子）compositions,may require different doses of radiation.Which of the following best reflects the content of the passage?A:Although FDA does not approve irradiated food,consumers accept irradiated food.B:Neither FDA approves irradiated food,nor do consumers accept irradiated food.C:FDA approves irradiated food to some extend,but irradiated food is not widely accepted.D:Both FDA and consumers think that irradiated food is not safe.
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Drying Ways for Food1.Centuries ago,man discovered that removing moisture from food helps to preserve it,and that the easiest way to do this is to expose the food to sun and wind.In this way the North American Indians produce pemmican(dried meat ground into powder and made into cakes),the Scandinavians make stockfish and the Arabs dried dates and"apricot leather".2.All foods including water,cabbage and other leaf vegetables contain as much as 93%water, potatoes and other root vegetables 80%,lean meat 75%and fish,anything from 20%to 60%,depending on how fatty it is.If this water is removed,the activity of the bacteria which causes food to go bad is checked.3.Fruit is sun-dried in Asia Minor,Greece,Spain and other Mediterranean countries,and also in California,South Africa and Australia. The methods used vary, but in general,the fruit is spread out on trays in drying yards in the hot sun.In order to prevent darkening,pears,peaches and apricots are exposed to the fumes of burning sulfur before drying. Plums,for making prunes, and certain varieties of grapes for making raisins and currants,are dipped in an alkaline solution in order to crack the skins of the fruit slightly and remove their wax coating,so as to increase the rate of drying.4.Nowadays most foods are dried mechanically.The conventional method of such dehydration is to put food in chambers through which hot air is blown at temperatures of about 110℃at entry and to about 43℃at exit. This is the usual method for drying such things as vegetables,minced meat, and fish.5.Liquids such as milk,coffee,tea,soups and eggs may be dried by pouring them over a heated steel cylinder,by spraying them into a chamber through which a current of hot air passes.In the first case,the dried material is scraped off the roller as a thin film which is then broken up into small,though still relatively coarse flakes.In the second process,it falls to the bottom of the chamber as a fine powder. Where recognizable pieces of meat and vegetables are required,as in soup, the ingredients are dried separately and then mixed.6.Dried foods take up less room and weigh less than the same food packed in cans or frozen, and they do not need to be stored in special conditions.For these reasons they are invaluable to the climbers,explorers and soldiers in battle,who have little storage space.They are also popular with housewives because it takes so little time to cook them.Usually it is just a case of replacing the dried-out moisture with boiling water.In some places of the world,fruit is usually______.A:speed up dehydrationB:flakesC:powderD:controlledE:increased F: sun-dried
考题
Quite a lot of chef insist on ingredients of the best quality.A:demand
B:rely on
C:prepare for
D:create
考题
The hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits.After bills,Tony has￡60 a week to spend,￡40 of which goes on food,but 10 years ago he was earning￡130，000 a year working in corporate communications and eating at London's best restaurants at least twice a week.Then his marriage failed,his career burned out and his drinking became serious.“The community mental health team saved my life.And I felt like that again,to a certain degree,when people responded to the blog so well.It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost.But it's still a daybyday thing.”Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents.He's feeling positive,but he'll carry on blogging—not about eating as cheaply as you can—“there are so many people in a much worse state,with barely any money to spend on food”—but eating well on a budget.Here's his advice for economical foodies.41._Impulsive spending isn't an option,so plan your week's menu in advance,making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities.I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast,lunch and dinner.Stop laughing:it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet.It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly,because,being human,you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42._This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy.With them,there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer.And if you plan properly,you'll know that you only need,say,350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon,not whatever weight is prepacked in the supermarket chiller.43._You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer—that's not good enough.Mine is filled with leftovers,bread,stock,meat and fish.Planning ahead should eliminate wastage,but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup,and all fruits threatening to“go off”will be cooked or juiced.44._Everyone says this,but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters.Shop at butchers,delis and fishsellers regularly,even for small things,and be super friendly.Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews,or beef bones,chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which,more often than not,they'll let you have for free.45_You won't be eating out a lot,but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant—￡1.75 a week for three months gives you￡21—more than enough for a threecourse lunch at Michelinstarred Arbutus.It's￡16.95 there—or￡12.99 for a large pizza from Domino's:I know which I'd rather eat.41选？A.Shopkeepers are your friendsB.Remember to treat yourselfC.Stick to what you needD.Live like a peasantE.Balance your diet
F.Planning is everything
G.Waste not,want not
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Text 4 A US drug company has increased the price of an acne cream by more than 3,900%to$9,561 in less than 18 months in the latest example of drug"price cheating",which has enraged the American public and become a central topic of debate in the presidential election campaign.Novum Pharma,a recently formed privately held Chicago-based company,bought the rights to drug Aloquin in May 2015.The 60g cream,which contains two cheap ingredients,was sold by its previous owner,Primus Pharmaceuticals,for$241.50.Nowm almost immediately increased the price by l,100%,and hiked the price higher still in January 2016.Figures seen by the Financial 77mes show the company increased the price a third time last week to take the cost to$9,561.So-called"price cheating",in which companies buy the rights to older drugs and then vastly increase their cost,has provoked outrage across the country and led to calls for reform of the US healthcare system.Earlier this month,Hillary Clinton claimed"It's time to move beyond talking about these price hikes and start acting to address them.AlI Americans deserve full access to the medications they need-without being burdened by excessive,unjustified costs."Clinton said she would change the law to allow the"emergency importation"of safe altemative treatments from abroad.Aloquin contains two cheap active ingredients:a decades-old antibiotic,iodoquinol,and an extract from the aloe vera plant.Iodoquinol can be bought for as little as$30 a tube and aloe vera cream costs a few dollars.The drug is labelled as"possibly effective",as the US Food and Drug Administration has stated that there is only limited evidence that the drug is effective.Novum has also drastically increased the price of its other two skin creams,Alcortin A and Novacort.The drugs are prescription only,with the cost being mostly covered by health insurance or government assistance.In instances when the full cost of the treatment isn't covered by insurance,Novum provides coupons to reduce the proportion that patients have to pay,while collecting the rest from the health plan.The company,which is privately held and does not publish figures on sales or profits,did not reply to requests for comment.A spokesman told the public that the firm was founded by"a group oflike-minded investors who believe in the firm's focus ofproviding therapeutic innovations that are affordable for patients".
The other two skin creams by Novum——A.are labelled ineffective by FDA
B.can only be prescribed by doctors
C.are covered by the govemment and hospitals
D.are discounted for poor people
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第二篇“New Towns" PlansThe plan of building"New Towns"to absorb growth is frequently considered a cure-all for urban problems. It is erroneously（错误地）assumed that if new residents can be diverted from existing centers,the present urban situation at least will get no worse.It is further and equally erroneously assumed that since European New Towns have been financially and socially successful,we can expect the same sorts of resorts in the United States.Present planning,thinking,and legislation will not produce the kinds of New Town that have been successful abroad.It will multiply suburbs or encourage development in areas where land is cheap and construction profitable rather than where New Towns are genuinely needed.Such ill-considered projects not only will fail to relieve pressures on existing cities but will,in fact,tend to weaken those cities further by drawing away high-income citizens and increasing the concentration of low-income groups that are unable to provide tax income.The remaining taxpayers, accordingly,will face increasing burdens,and industry and commerce will seek escape. Unfortunately,this mechanism is already at work in some metropolitan areas.The promoters of New Towns so far in the United States have been developers,builders,and financial institutions.The main interest of these promoters is economic gain.Furthermore,federal regulations designed to promote the New Town idea do not consider social needs as the European New Town plans do.In fact,our regulations specify virtually all the ingredients of the typical suburban community,with a bit of political rhetoric thrown in.A workable American New Town formula should be established as firmly here as the national formula was in Britain.All possible social and governmental innovation as well as financial factors should be clearly stated,and both incentives and penalties should be provided to ensure that theobjectives are pursued.If such a policy is developed,then the New Town approach can play an important role in alleviating America's urban problems.The author thinks that the New Town project will not succeed unless________.A:all factors involved have been taken into serious accountB:people are diverted from the existing centersC:the promoters stop seeking economic gainD:the government has invested much more money in it
考题
单选题The new recipe requires fewer exotic ingredients and takes less time than it, but produces just as tasty a souffle as the old recipe.A
and takes less time than it, but produces just as tasty a souffle as the old recipeB
that take less time than the old recipe, producing just as tasty a souffleC
and takes less time than the old recipe, but produces just as tasty a souffleD
also taking less time than the old recipe, but produces just as tasty a souffleE
but produces just as tasty a souffle as the old recipe, but takes less time
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问答题Directions:In this part there are one passage with five questions. Read the passage carefully, then answer the questions in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words). Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: Centuries ago, man discovered that removing moisture from food helps to preserve it, and that the easiest way to do this is to expose the food to sun and wind. In this way the North American Indians produce pemmican (dried meat ground into powder and made into cakes), the Scandinavians make stockfish and the Arabs dry dates and “apricot leather”.All foods contain water—cabbage and other leaf vegetables contain as much as 93% water, potatoes and other root vegetables 80%, lean meat 75% and fish anything from 80% to 60% depending on how fatty it is. If this water is removed, the activity of the bacteria which cause food to go bad is checked. Fruit is sun-dried in Asia Minor, Greece, Spain and other Mediterranean countries, and also in California, South Africa and Australia. The methods used vary, but in general, the fruit is spread out on trays in drying yards in the hot sun. In order to prevent darkening, pears, peaches and apricots are exposed to the fumes of burning sulphur before drying. Plums, for making prunes, and certain varieties of grapes for making raisins and currants, are dipped in an alkaline solution in order to crack the skins of the fruit slightly and remove their wax coating, so increasing the rate of drying. Nowadays most foods are dried mechanically. The conventional method of such dehydration is to put food in chambers through which hot air is blown at temperatures of about 110℃ at entry to about 43℃ at exit. This is the usual method for drying such things as vegetables, minced meat, and fish. Liquids such as milk, coffee, tea, soups and eggs may be dried by pouring them over a heated horizontal steel cylinder or by spraying them into a chamber through which a current of hot air passes. In the first case, the dried material is scraped off the roller as a thin film which is then broken up into small, though still relatively coarse flakes. In the second process it falls to the bottom of the chamber as a fine powder. Where recognizable pieces of meat and vegetables are required, as in soup, the ingredients are dried separately and then mixed. Dried foods take up less room and weigh less than the same food packed in cans or frozen, and they do not need to be stored in special conditions. For these reasons they are invaluable to climbers, explorers and soldiers in battle, who have little storage space. They are also popular with housewives because it takes so little time to cook them. Usually it is just a case of replacing the dried-out moisture with boiling water. Questions: 1．What makes food go bad according to the passage? 2．What does the word “dehydration” in Para. 4 refer to? 3．Housewives like dried foods because______. 4．What kind of treatment do pears and plums go through in the drying process? 5．Where are vegetables most commonly dried nowadays?
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