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肝硬化(liver cirrhosis)
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Hepatitis A vaccines are especially recommended for those who ()
A、travel abroadB、have other forms of liver diseaseC、have many sexual partnersD、are in high-risk occupations
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Infection with ( ) can cause chronic liver disease.
A、Hepatitis AB、Hepatitis BC、Hepatitis CD、None of above
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( ) Which of the following can cause hepatitis?
A、Viral bacterial infection.B、Liver poisoningC、Traumatic injury to the liverD、All of the above-mentioned.
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第二篇CaffeineCaffeine is probably the most widely used drug in the world.Humans have been consuming caffeine for hundreds of years,primarily in the form of coffee,tea,and cocoa. Habitual coffee and tea drinkers had longbeen observed to have a lower incidence of non-melanoma（黑色素瘤）skin cancers , although no one knew why.A recent study found that caffeine affects skin cells damaged by ultraviolet radiation,a main cause of skin cancer. Caffeine interferes with a protein that cancerous cells need to survive,leaving the damaged cells to die before they become cancerous. Drinking caffeinated coffee has also been associated with a decreased incidence of endometrial（子宫内膜的）cancer-that is , cancer of the cells lining the uterus. The strongest effect appears to be in overweight women,who are at greatest risk for the disease.Researchers believe blood sugar,fat cells,and estrogen（雌性激素）may play a role. Although the mechanism remains unknown,peo- pie who drink more than two cups of coffee or tea a day reportedly have about half the risk of developing chronic liver disease as those who drink less than one cup of coffee daily;caffeinated coffee has also been as- sociated with lowered risk of cirrhosis（肝硬化）and liver cancer.While many of caffeine's undesirable effects,such as elevated heart rate and blood pressure,are brief, some short-term benefits,including pain relief,increased alertness,and increased physical endurance,have also been attributed to caffeine.As a component of numerous over-the-counter diet pills and pain relievers, caffeine increases their effectiveness and helps the body absorb them more quickly. By constricting（收缩） blood vessels in the brain , it can alleviate headaches一even migraines（偏头痛）一and can help counter the drowsiness（眩晕）caused by antihistamines（抗组胺药）.Caffeine does not alter the need for sleep,but it does offer a temporary solution to fatigue for people who need to stay alert. Research has shown that sleep-deprived individuals who consumed caffeine had improved memory and reasoning abilities,at least in the short term. Studies of runners and cyclists have shown that caffeine can improve their stamina一hence its addition to energy-boosting sports drinks.People who consume a lot of caffeine regularly may develop temporary withdrawal symptoms,headache being the most common,if they quit or cut back on it abruptly. Fortunately,these symptoms last only a day or two in most cases.Individuals who are more sensitive to the stimulatory side effects of caffeine may want to avoid it,but most doctors agree that the equivalent of three cups of coffee a day does not harm healthy people.There is no medical basis to give up daily caffeine and many reasons to include a moderate amount in one's diet.Drinking coffee or tea may help_________.A:lower the incidence of being overweightB:lower the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancerC:increase the incidence of endometrial cancer D: increase the incidence of liver cancer
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第三篇Liver DiseaseThe liver is the second largest organ in your body. The liver performs many jobs in your body. It filters harmful substances from the blood,makes substances that digest food,and changes food into energy.One out of every 10 Americans is affected by liver disease.Liver disease is one of the top 10 causes of death in the United States.There are more than 100 liver diseases.Viruses cause some of them,like hepatitis A,hepatitis B and hepatitis C.Others can be the result of drugs,poisons or drinking too much alcohol. If the liver forms scar tissue because of an illness,it's called cirrhosis. Cancer can affect the liver. You could also inherit a liver disease such as hemochromatosis.Liver disease can manifest in many different ways. Characteristic manifestations include jaundice,liver enlargement,portal hypertensionand etc.Sometimes the manifestations of liver disease are not obvious.For example,symptoms may include fatigue,a general feeling of illness,loss of appetite,and mild weight loss. However,people may not notice these symptoms,and these symptoms are also typical of many other diseases.Thus,liver disease can easily be overlooked,particularly in its early stages.Hepatitis A vaccination is the best way to prevent HAV (hepatitis A virus).Hepatitis B vaccination is the best way to prevent HBV.Other ways to stop the spread of HBV are:not sharing needles;practicing safe sex;not sharing razors,toothbrushes,or other personal items;using only clean needles for tattoos and body piercings.There is no vaccine to prevent HCV.The only way to prevent HCV is to avoid direct contact with infected blood.Eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly help the liver to work well. Limit the amount of alcohol you drink.When medicines are taken incorrectly,the liver can be harmed.So follow dosing instructions and talk to a doctor or pharmacist about the medicines you are taking. Mixing alcohol and medicines can harm your liver,even if they are not taken at the same time.Toxins can injure liver cells.So limit direct contact with toxins from cleaning and aerosol products,insecticides, chemicals,and additives in cigarettes.Do not smoke.Unobvious symptoms of liver diseases may include the following signs EXCEPT________.A:loss of appetiteB:tirednessC:nauseous feelingD:slight weight loss
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第三篇Liver DiseaseThe liver is the second largest organ in your body. The liver performs many jobs in your body. It filters harmful substances from the blood,makes substances that digest food,and changes food into energy.One out of every 10 Americans is affected by liver disease.Liver disease is one of the top 10 causes of death in the United States.There are more than 100 liver diseases.Viruses cause some of them,like hepatitis A,hepatitis B and hepatitis C.Others can be the result of drugs,poisons or drinking too much alcohol. If the liver forms scar tissue because of an illness,it's called cirrhosis. Cancer can affect the liver. You could also inherit a liver disease such as hemochromatosis.Liver disease can manifest in many different ways. Characteristic manifestations include jaundice,liver enlargement,portal hypertensionand etc.Sometimes the manifestations of liver disease are not obvious.For example,symptoms may include fatigue,a general feeling of illness,loss of appetite,and mild weight loss. However,people may not notice these symptoms,and these symptoms are also typical of many other diseases.Thus,liver disease can easily be overlooked,particularly in its early stages.Hepatitis A vaccination is the best way to prevent HAV (hepatitis A virus).Hepatitis B vaccination is the best way to prevent HBV.Other ways to stop the spread of HBV are:not sharing needles;practicing safe sex;not sharing razors,toothbrushes,or other personal items;using only clean needles for tattoos and body piercings.There is no vaccine to prevent HCV.The only way to prevent HCV is to avoid direct contact with infected blood.Eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly help the liver to work well. Limit the amount of alcohol you drink.When medicines are taken incorrectly,the liver can be harmed.So follow dosing instructions and talk to a doctor or pharmacist about the medicines you are taking. Mixing alcohol and medicines can harm your liver,even if they are not taken at the same time.Toxins can injure liver cells.So limit direct contact with toxins from cleaning and aerosol products,insecticides, chemicals,and additives in cigarettes.Do not smoke.Which following statement is true according to the passage?A:Hepatitis C vaccination is the best way to prevent HCV.B:It is wise not to share personal items so as to stop the spread of HBV.C:It is not harmful when alcohol and medicines are not taken at the same time.D:We cannot use products with toxins like insecticides.
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第三篇Liver DiseaseThe liver is the second largest organ in your body. The liver performs many jobs in your body. It filters harmful substances from the blood,makes substances that digest food,and changes food into energy.One out of every 10 Americans is affected by liver disease.Liver disease is one of the top 10 causes of death in the United States.There are more than 100 liver diseases.Viruses cause some of them,like hepatitis A,hepatitis B and hepatitis C.Others can be the result of drugs,poisons or drinking too much alcohol. If the liver forms scar tissue because of an illness,it's called cirrhosis. Cancer can affect the liver. You could also inherit a liver disease such as hemochromatosis.Liver disease can manifest in many different ways. Characteristic manifestations include jaundice,liver enlargement,portal hypertensionand etc.Sometimes the manifestations of liver disease are not obvious.For example,symptoms may include fatigue,a general feeling of illness,loss of appetite,and mild weight loss. However,people may not notice these symptoms,and these symptoms are also typical of many other diseases.Thus,liver disease can easily be overlooked,particularly in its early stages.Hepatitis A vaccination is the best way to prevent HAV (hepatitis A virus).Hepatitis B vaccination is the best way to prevent HBV.Other ways to stop the spread of HBV are:not sharing needles;practicing safe sex;not sharing razors,toothbrushes,or other personal items;using only clean needles for tattoos and body piercings.There is no vaccine to prevent HCV.The only way to prevent HCV is to avoid direct contact with infected blood.Eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly help the liver to work well. Limit the amount of alcohol you drink.When medicines are taken incorrectly,the liver can be harmed.So follow dosing instructions and talk to a doctor or pharmacist about the medicines you are taking. Mixing alcohol and medicines can harm your liver,even if they are not taken at the same time.Toxins can injure liver cells.So limit direct contact with toxins from cleaning and aerosol products,insecticides, chemicals,and additives in cigarettes.Do not smoke.Which following statement is NOT true according to the passage?A:Top ten causes of death in the US include liver disease.B:10%of Americans die of liver disease.C:Over 100 liver diseases exist.D:10%of Americans suffer from liver disease.
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第三篇Liver DiseaseThe liver is the second largest organ in your body. The liver performs many jobs in your body. It filters harmful substances from the blood,makes substances that digest food,and changes food into energy.One out of every 10 Americans is affected by liver disease.Liver disease is one of the top 10 causes of death in the United States.There are more than 100 liver diseases.Viruses cause some of them,like hepatitis A,hepatitis B and hepatitis C.Others can be the result of drugs,poisons or drinking too much alcohol. If the liver forms scar tissue because of an illness,it's called cirrhosis. Cancer can affect the liver. You could also inherit a liver disease such as hemochromatosis.Liver disease can manifest in many different ways. Characteristic manifestations include jaundice,liver enlargement,portal hypertensionand etc.Sometimes the manifestations of liver disease are not obvious.For example,symptoms may include fatigue,a general feeling of illness,loss of appetite,and mild weight loss. However,people may not notice these symptoms,and these symptoms are also typical of many other diseases.Thus,liver disease can easily be overlooked,particularly in its early stages.Hepatitis A vaccination is the best way to prevent HAV (hepatitis A virus).Hepatitis B vaccination is the best way to prevent HBV.Other ways to stop the spread of HBV are:not sharing needles;practicing safe sex;not sharing razors,toothbrushes,or other personal items;using only clean needles for tattoos and body piercings.There is no vaccine to prevent HCV.The only way to prevent HCV is to avoid direct contact with infected blood.Eating a healthy diet and exercising regularly help the liver to work well. Limit the amount of alcohol you drink.When medicines are taken incorrectly,the liver can be harmed.So follow dosing instructions and talk to a doctor or pharmacist about the medicines you are taking. Mixing alcohol and medicines can harm your liver,even if they are not taken at the same time.Toxins can injure liver cells.So limit direct contact with toxins from cleaning and aerosol products,insecticides, chemicals,and additives in cigarettes.Do not smoke.The word "manifest" in Paragraph 3 could be best replaced by__________.A:disappearB:happenC:showD:cause
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单选题The harmful effects that excessive drinking can have on the liver is increasingly well publicized.A
is increasingly well publicizedB
are increasing in better publicityC
are increasingly well publicizedD
is more and more well publicizedE
has increased in better publicity
考题
名词解释题干线型肝硬变（pipe stem cirrhosis）
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