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资料：Did your child's brain shrink last summer? Probably not, but it may have shifted into reverse, according to a study by Dr. Harris Cooper, professor of psychology at the University of Missouri-Columbia. The study found that when students return to school after a long summer vacation, they've lost one to three months worth of learning.
The decline is more detrimental for math than it is for reading. "All students lose math skills," says Cooper. It may be because community and home environments give kids more opportunities to practice reading than math. The study also found that income has an impact on how much a student loses or gains in reading. Middle-class children actually gained in reading over the summer, while lower-income students experienced losses. Cooper attributes this to the enrichment activities that many middle-class kids participate in over the summer, such as camp and trips.
Your kids don't have to spend the summer stuck in reverse. "Parents can help their kids retain educational skills," says Cooper. He suggests the following five tips to kick off a learning-filled summer.
1. Keep lots of books around and make regular trips to the library. Most libraries schedule special summer events for kids. Sign up your family!
2. Think about what your kids may be learning next year when you plan the family vacation. Talk with teachers to find out what they'll be covering in class. If it's a unit on the civil war for example, you may want to schedule a visit to Gettysburg. If it's geology, visit a national park.
3. Keep math in mind. Since kids lose more math skills than anything else over the summer, try to do some special planning to find math-related activities. For example, if you can't decide whether to sign your child up for "Shakespeare's Theater" or "Math Magic" at the local community center, go with the math.
4. Consider summer school or tutoring. Struggling kids can get a lot of different kinds of help from these programs. Summer school can also enrich and accelerate learning in areas where kids show a special interest.
5. Call the curriculum coordinator in your child's school district, visit the school board office, or contact the schools of education at local colleges and universities to find out what educational programs will be offered in your area over the summer.
Remember to keep it fun! You don't want to sour your kids on learning during the summer break.

What makes Lower-income children lose in learning, according to Dr. Harris Cooper? （ ）

A.Less outdoor activities over the summer
B.More housework over the summer
C.Less money gained over the summer
D.More part-time work over the summer

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参考解析
解析：本题考查的是细节理解。
【关键词】lower-income；lose
【主题句】第2自然段Cooper attributes this to the enrichment activities that many middle-class kids participate in over the summer, such as camp and trips.库珀将此归功于许多中产阶级孩子在暑假期间参加的充实活动，如露营和旅行。
【解析】本题的问题是“根据哈里斯?库克博士的说法，是什么让低收入家庭的学生在学习失利？”。根据主题句可知，中产阶级孩子在暑假期间参加了充实的户外活动，而低收入孩子缺少了这些活动，故A选项正确。
更多 “资料：Did your child's brain shrink last summer? Probably not, but it may have shifted into reverse, according to a study by Dr. Harris Cooper, professor of psychology at the University of Missouri-Columbia. The study found that when students return to school after a long summer vacation, they've lost one to three months worth of learning. The decline is more detrimental for math than it is for reading. "All students lose math skills," says Cooper. It may be because community and home environments give kids more opportunities to practice reading than math. The study also found that income has an impact on how much a student loses or gains in reading. Middle-class children actually gained in reading over the summer, while lower-income students experienced losses. Cooper attributes this to the enrichment activities that many middle-class kids participate in over the summer, such as camp and trips. Your kids don't have to spend the summer stuck in reverse. "Parents can help their kids retain educational skills," says Cooper. He suggests the following five tips to kick off a learning-filled summer. 1. Keep lots of books around and make regular trips to the library. Most libraries schedule special summer events for kids. Sign up your family! 2. Think about what your kids may be learning next year when you plan the family vacation. Talk with teachers to find out what they'll be covering in class. If it's a unit on the civil war for example, you may want to schedule a visit to Gettysburg. If it's geology, visit a national park. 3. Keep math in mind. Since kids lose more math skills than anything else over the summer, try to do some special planning to find math-related activities. For example, if you can't decide whether to sign your child up for "Shakespeare's Theater" or "Math Magic" at the local community center, go with the math. 4. Consider summer school or tutoring. Struggling kids can get a lot of different kinds of help from these programs. Summer school can also enrich and accelerate learning in areas where kids show a special interest. 5. Call the curriculum coordinator in your child's school district, visit the school board office, or contact the schools of education at local colleges and universities to find out what educational programs will be offered in your area over the summer. Remember to keep it fun! You don't want to sour your kids on learning during the summer break. What makes Lower-income children lose in learning, according to Dr. Harris Cooper? （ ） A.Less outdoor activities over the summer B.More housework over the summer C.Less money gained over the summer D.More part-time work over the summer” 相关考题
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考题 共用题干 第二篇Exercise and BrainJust as exercise strengthens the heart and lungs,bones and muscles,it may also power up the brain.A succession of scientific studies of animals implies that physical activity has a positive effect on mental functioning."It's clear that the brain benefits from exercise,"says brain scientist William Greenough of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.His studies with rats have demonstrated two primary effects of activity:Vigorous physical exercise provides the brain with more fuel,and skill-based ex-ercise increases the formation of connections in the brain, which, according to the proposals of some scientists,may make the brain better able to process information.In one experiment,laboratory rats were separated into three groups.One group was exercised by running inside an automatic wheel,a second group improved their skills in a complicated obstacle course,and a third group was inactive."The animals that learned to go through the obstacle course exhibited a greater number of brain connections than the animals in the exercised or inactive groups,"Greenough said."In contrast, the animals that exercised inside the automatic wheel possessed a greater density of blood vessels in the brain than did either of the other two groups of animals."Learning a new dance step may boost the brain in the same way that learning a language can, he says.And if the dance is a good physical exercise as well,the benefits multiply.Young brains may be especially able to boost brain power through exercise,suggested another of Greenough's experiments that showed the most significant changes in the brain occurred among rats that had been exercised when very young.And while animals aren't people,he says it is logical to make the inference that an effect found in rats may also apply to humans.Human studies have focused primarily on older adults and suggest that regular exercise can improve the speed with which the brain processes information.Measurements made by Arthur Kramer at the University of Illinois demonstrated that inactive adults,aged 63 to 82,could hit buttons faster in response to a tone after they went through a 10-week water exercise course.A corresponding control group that didn't exercise showed no improvement.Vigorous physical exercise can________.A:provide the brain with more fuelB:increase the formation of connections in the brainC:make the brain better able to process informationD:do nothing good to our brain
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考题 共用题干 第二篇Exercise and BrainJust as exercise strengthens the heart and lungs,bones and muscles,it may also power up the brain.A succession of scientific studies of animals implies that physical activity has a positive effect on mental functioning."It's clear that the brain benefits from exercise,"says brain scientist William Greenough of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.His studies with rats have demonstrated two primary effects of activity:Vigorous physical exercise provides the brain with more fuel,and skill-based ex-ercise increases the formation of connections in the brain, which, according to the proposals of some scientists,may make the brain better able to process information.In one experiment,laboratory rats were separated into three groups.One group was exercised by running inside an automatic wheel,a second group improved their skills in a complicated obstacle course,and a third group was inactive."The animals that learned to go through the obstacle course exhibited a greater number of brain connections than the animals in the exercised or inactive groups,"Greenough said."In contrast, the animals that exercised inside the automatic wheel possessed a greater density of blood vessels in the brain than did either of the other two groups of animals."Learning a new dance step may boost the brain in the same way that learning a language can, he says.And if the dance is a good physical exercise as well,the benefits multiply.Young brains may be especially able to boost brain power through exercise,suggested another of Greenough's experiments that showed the most significant changes in the brain occurred among rats that had been exercised when very young.And while animals aren't people,he says it is logical to make the inference that an effect found in rats may also apply to humans.Human studies have focused primarily on older adults and suggest that regular exercise can improve the speed with which the brain processes information.Measurements made by Arthur Kramer at the University of Illinois demonstrated that inactive adults,aged 63 to 82,could hit buttons faster in response to a tone after they went through a 10-week water exercise course.A corresponding control group that didn't exercise showed no improvement.According to the passage what is not the advantage of physical exercises?A:do good to our mental health. B:strengthen our hearts and lungs.C:strengthen our bones and muscles. D:help us lose weight.
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考题 共用题干 第二篇Exercise and BrainJust as exercise strengthens the heart and lungs,bones and muscles,it may also power up the brain.A succession of scientific studies of animals implies that physical activity has a positive effect on mental functioning."It's clear that the brain benefits from exercise,"says brain scientist William Greenough of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.His studies with rats have demonstrated two primary effects of activity:Vigorous physical exercise provides the brain with more fuel,and skill-based ex-ercise increases the formation of connections in the brain, which, according to the proposals of some scientists,may make the brain better able to process information.In one experiment,laboratory rats were separated into three groups.One group was exercised by running inside an automatic wheel,a second group improved their skills in a complicated obstacle course,and a third group was inactive."The animals that learned to go through the obstacle course exhibited a greater number of brain connections than the animals in the exercised or inactive groups,"Greenough said."In contrast, the animals that exercised inside the automatic wheel possessed a greater density of blood vessels in the brain than did either of the other two groups of animals."Learning a new dance step may boost the brain in the same way that learning a language can, he says.And if the dance is a good physical exercise as well,the benefits multiply.Young brains may be especially able to boost brain power through exercise,suggested another of Greenough's experiments that showed the most significant changes in the brain occurred among rats that had been exercised when very young.And while animals aren't people,he says it is logical to make the inference that an effect found in rats may also apply to humans.Human studies have focused primarily on older adults and suggest that regular exercise can improve the speed with which the brain processes information.Measurements made by Arthur Kramer at the University of Illinois demonstrated that inactive adults,aged 63 to 82,could hit buttons faster in response to a tone after they went through a 10-week water exercise course.A corresponding control group that didn't exercise showed no improvement.According to passage,what can not boost the brain?A:A new dance step.B:A dance which is a good physical exercise as well.C:Running on an automatic wheel.D:Being inactive inside.
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考题 If you want to stay young,sit down and have a good think．This is the research result of professor Faulkner,who says that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise and as a result,we are ageing unnecessarily soon. Professor Faulkner wanted to find out why healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and to reason at a relatively early age,and how the process of ageing could be slowed down. He set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and occupations． Computer technology enabled him to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain,which relate to intelligence and emotion,and determine the human character． Contraction of front and side parts--as cells die off--was observed in some subjects in their thirties,but it was still not evident in some sixty-and seventy-year-olds. Faulkner concluded from his tests that there is a simple way to slow the contraction—using the head. The findings show that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns．Those least at risk,says Faulkner,are lawyers,followed by university professors and doctors．White--collar workers doing routine work are,however,as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker,bus driver and shop assistant. Faulkner's findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking．Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need．"The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain,"he says．"Think hard and engage in conversation．Don't rely on pocket calculators." The professor's tests show that__.A.our brains shrink as we grow old B.the front section of the brain does not shrink C.seventy-year-olds have better brains than sixty-year-olds D.brain contraction may vary among people of the same age
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考题 资料：Did your child's brain shrink last summer? Probably not, but it may have shifted into reverse, according to a study by Dr. Harris Cooper, professor of psychology at the University of Missouri-Columbia. The study found that when students return to school after a long summer vacation, they've lost one to three months worth of learning. The decline is more detrimental for math than it is for reading. "All students lose math skills," says Cooper. It may be because community and home environments give kids more opportunities to practice reading than math. The study also found that income has an impact on how much a student loses or gains in reading. Middle-class children actually gained in reading over the summer, while lower-income students experienced losses. Cooper attributes this to the enrichment activities that many middle-class kids participate in over the summer, such as camp and trips. Your kids don't have to spend the summer stuck in reverse. "Parents can help their kids retain educational skills," says Cooper. He suggests the following five tips to kick off a learning-filled summer. 1. Keep lots of books around and make regular trips to the library. Most libraries schedule special summer events for kids. Sign up your family! 2. Think about what your kids may be learning next year when you plan the family vacation. Talk with teachers to find out what they'll be covering in class. If it's a unit on the civil war for example, you may want to schedule a visit to Gettysburg. If it's geology, visit a national park. 3. Keep math in mind. Since kids lose more math skills than anything else over the summer, try to do some special planning to find math-related activities. For example, if you can't decide whether to sign your child up for "Shakespeare's Theater" or "Math Magic" at the local community center, go with the math. 4. Consider summer school or tutoring. Struggling kids can get a lot of different kinds of help from these programs. Summer school can also enrich and accelerate learning in areas where kids show a special interest. 5. Call the curriculum coordinator in your child's school district, visit the school board office, or contact the schools of education at local colleges and universities to find out what educational programs will be offered in your area over the summer. Remember to keep it fun! You don't want to sour your kids on learning during the summer break. Why is decline worse for math than it is for reading？（ ）A.Because the community have the libraries B.Because at home the parents will make kids reading more C.Because in summer vacation kids have more time in reading D.Because community and home give kids more opportunities to read
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考题 资料：Did your child's brain shrink last summer? Probably not, but it may have shifted into reverse, according to a study by Dr. Harris Cooper, professor of psychology at the University of Missouri-Columbia. The study found that when students return to school after a long summer vacation, they've lost one to three months worth of learning. The decline is more detrimental for math than it is for reading. "All students lose math skills," says Cooper. It may be because community and home environments give kids more opportunities to practice reading than math. The study also found that income has an impact on how much a student loses or gains in reading. Middle-class children actually gained in reading over the summer, while lower-income students experienced losses. Cooper attributes this to the enrichment activities that many middle-class kids participate in over the summer, such as camp and trips. Your kids don't have to spend the summer stuck in reverse. "Parents can help their kids retain educational skills," says Cooper. He suggests the following five tips to kick off a learning-filled summer. 1. Keep lots of books around and make regular trips to the library. Most libraries schedule special summer events for kids. Sign up your family! 2. Think about what your kids may be learning next year when you plan the family vacation. Talk with teachers to find out what they'll be covering in class. If it's a unit on the civil war for example, you may want to schedule a visit to Gettysburg. If it's geology, visit a national park. 3. Keep math in mind. Since kids lose more math skills than anything else over the summer, try to do some special planning to find math-related activities. For example, if you can't decide whether to sign your child up for "Shakespeare's Theater" or "Math Magic" at the local community center, go with the math. 4. Consider summer school or tutoring. Struggling kids can get a lot of different kinds of help from these programs. Summer school can also enrich and accelerate learning in areas where kids show a special interest. 5. Call the curriculum coordinator in your child's school district, visit the school board office, or contact the schools of education at local colleges and universities to find out what educational programs will be offered in your area over the summer. Remember to keep it fun! You don't want to sour your kids on learning during the summer break. How dose income affect a student’s loses or gains in summer learning? （ ）A.Lower-income children experienced lose in math over the summer B.Middle-class children gained in learning over the summer C.Lower-income children gained in math over the summer D.Middle-class children suffered lose in math over the summer
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考题 资料：Did your child's brain shrink last summer? Probably not, but it may have shifted into reverse, according to a study by Dr. Harris Cooper, professor of psychology at the University of Missouri-Columbia. The study found that when students return to school after a long summer vacation, they've lost one to three months worth of learning. The decline is more detrimental for math than it is for reading. "All students lose math skills," says Cooper. It may be because community and home environments give kids more opportunities to practice reading than math. The study also found that income has an impact on how much a student loses or gains in reading. Middle-class children actually gained in reading over the summer, while lower-income students experienced losses. Cooper attributes this to the enrichment activities that many middle-class kids participate in over the summer, such as camp and trips. Your kids don't have to spend the summer stuck in reverse. "Parents can help their kids retain educational skills," says Cooper. He suggests the following five tips to kick off a learning-filled summer. 1. Keep lots of books around and make regular trips to the library. Most libraries schedule special summer events for kids. Sign up your family! 2. Think about what your kids may be learning next year when you plan the family vacation. Talk with teachers to find out what they'll be covering in class. If it's a unit on the civil war for example, you may want to schedule a visit to Gettysburg. If it's geology, visit a national park. 3. Keep math in mind. Since kids lose more math skills than anything else over the summer, try to do some special planning to find math-related activities. For example, if you can't decide whether to sign your child up for "Shakespeare's Theater" or "Math Magic" at the local community center, go with the math. 4. Consider summer school or tutoring. Struggling kids can get a lot of different kinds of help from these programs. Summer school can also enrich and accelerate learning in areas where kids show a special interest. 5. Call the curriculum coordinator in your child's school district, visit the school board office, or contact the schools of education at local colleges and universities to find out what educational programs will be offered in your area over the summer. Remember to keep it fun! You don't want to sour your kids on learning during the summer break. How to keep kids from losing more math skills, according to Dr. Harris Cooper? （ ） A.Doing some special planning to have math-related activities B.Signing up for programs like “Shakespeare’s Theater” C.Having less reading activities over the summer D.Going to the libraries more often
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考题 资料：Did your child's brain shrink last summer? Probably not, but it may have shifted into reverse, according to a study by Dr. Harris Cooper, professor of psychology at the University of Missouri-Columbia. The study found that when students return to school after a long summer vacation, they've lost one to three months worth of learning. The decline is more detrimental for math than it is for reading. "All students lose math skills," says Cooper. It may be because community and home environments give kids more opportunities to practice reading than math. The study also found that income has an impact on how much a student loses or gains in reading. Middle-class children actually gained in reading over the summer, while lower-income students experienced losses. Cooper attributes this to the enrichment activities that many middle-class kids participate in over the summer, such as camp and trips. Your kids don't have to spend the summer stuck in reverse. "Parents can help their kids retain educational skills," says Cooper. He suggests the following five tips to kick off a learning-filled summer. 1. Keep lots of books around and make regular trips to the library. Most libraries schedule special summer events for kids. Sign up your family! 2. Think about what your kids may be learning next year when you plan the family vacation. Talk with teachers to find out what they'll be covering in class. If it's a unit on the civil war for example, you may want to schedule a visit to Gettysburg. If it's geology, visit a national park. 3. Keep math in mind. Since kids lose more math skills than anything else over the summer, try to do some special planning to find math-related activities. For example, if you can't decide whether to sign your child up for "Shakespeare's Theater" or "Math Magic" at the local community center, go with the math. 4. Consider summer school or tutoring. Struggling kids can get a lot of different kinds of help from these programs. Summer school can also enrich and accelerate learning in areas where kids show a special interest. 5. Call the curriculum coordinator in your child's school district, visit the school board office, or contact the schools of education at local colleges and universities to find out what educational programs will be offered in your area over the summer. Remember to keep it fun! You don't want to sour your kids on learning during the summer break. What dose Dr. Harris Cooper’s research find？（ ） A.After summer vocation kids will lose one to three months worth of learning B.After summer vocation kids will lose learning capability in reading C.Summer vocation makes kids lose learning skills in math D.Summer vocation brings kids psychological problems
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考题 共用题干 Yoga May Help Ease High Blood PressurePeople who follow the ancient practice of yoga may be getting an added health boost,with a new study suggesting it can fight high blood pressure一also known as hypertension."This study confirms many people's feelings that exercise may be useful in the control of hypertension,"said Dr. Howard."Yoga would be a useful adjunct in the lowering of blood pressure in certain populations."_________(46)Although the study couldn't prove a cause-and-effect relationship,doing yoga two to three times a week was associated with an average drop in blood pressure readings from 133/ 80 to 130/77,the researchers said.In comparison,the average decrease in blood pressure was smaller(134/83 to 132/82)among people who ate a special diet but did not do yoga.In a bit of a surprise,doing yoga in tandem with a special diet did not outperform doing yoga alone.___________(47)Dr. Howard said the study shows that"yoga can have a favorable effect" on hypertension. ________(48)"But some large population studies have suggested that changes of this magnitude could have very significant long-term benefits."___________(49)including its relatively short length and the fact that most participants were young and had milder forms of high blood pressure,Dr. Howard said.__________(50)"Yoga,along with deep breathing exercises,meditation and inner reflection,is a good adjunctive and integrative cardiovascular approach to better health,including lowering blood pressure,as this data suggests,"said Dr. David Friedman.__________(46)A:The amount of change was small,he said.B:Another expert agreed that the ancient Indian practice of yoga might ease hypertension.C:In the study,researchers tracked 58 women and men,aged 38 to 62,for six months.D:Yoga is proved to be effective in lowering high blood pressure.E:The study did have some limitations.F: This may be because doing both required a greater amount of time,making it more difficult for participants to stick with their regimens.
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考题 共用题干 第二篇High Stress May Damage MemoryAccording to a report issued in May 1998,elderly people who have consistently high blood levels of cortisol (皮质醇）don't score as well on memory tests as their peers with lower levels of the stress hormone. What's more,high levels of cortisol are also associated with shrinking of the hippocampus（海马区）,a region of the brain that plays a key role in learning and memory.The findings suggest that even cortisol levels in the normal,"healthy"range can actually accelerate brain aging.The study results"now provide substantial evidence that long-term exposure to adrenal(肾上腺的）stress hormones may promote hippocampal aging in normal elderly humans", write Nada Porter and Philip Landfield.Cortisol is a hormone released in response to stress by the adrenal glands（腺）,which sit on top of the kidneys(肾）.Over a 5-to 6-year period,Dr. Sonia Lupien and his colleagues measured 24-hour cortisol levels in 51 healthy volunteers,most of whom were in their 70s.The researchers tested the volunteers' memory on six people in the increasing/high category and five people in the decreasing/moderate group.The groups did not differ in tests of immediate memory,but the increasing/high cortisol group had other memory problems compared with those in the decreasing/moderate group.The researchers also found that the total volume of the hippocampus in those in the increasing/high group was 14% lower than those in the decreasing/moderate group, although there were no differences in other brain regions.The results suggest that“…brain aging can be accelerated by levels of adrenalhormones that are not generally regarded as pathological（病态的）and that variation within this normal range is related to variation in the rate of brain aging",write Porter and Landfield."This further suggests that chronic stress may accelerate the worsening of the hippocampus." When the levels of cortisol go high,the hippocampusA:may expand. B:may shrink.C:may disappear. D:may function better.
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考题 —Did you have any problems in your English study —Yes,__________ a friend to practice speaking with.A.find B.found C.finding D.to find
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考题 —（） — Well, they got there last Wednesday. So about a week.AHow long have your parents been in Paris?BWhen did your parents arrive at Paris?CDid your parents arrive at Paris last Wednesday?DWhen will your parents go to Paris?
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考题 —（） — Well, they got there last Wednesday. So about a week.A、How long have your parents been in Paris?B、When did your parents arrive at Paris?C、Did your parents arrive at Paris last Wednesday?D、When will your parents go to Paris?
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考题 单选题Which of the following is TRUE according to Donna’s letter?A The best time to study is from 10 pm to 1 am.B Walking outside can make you remember more.C It’s good to tell a study partner about your feeling.D It’s necessary to have a rest for 15 to 20 minutes an hour.
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考题 填空题Carey Graham may most probably study political science after his graduation from university.____
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考题 单选题According to Dr. Small, _____.A left-handers may start brain aging later than right-handers doB learning a foreign language does not help to keep our brain from getting oldC doing crossword puzzles is a good way to keep us from memory lossD mental exercises plus healthy diet alone cannot keep us from brain aging
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考题 单选题—（） — Well, they got there last Wednesday. So about a week.A How long have your parents been in Paris?B When did your parents arrive at Paris?C Did your parents arrive at Paris last Wednesday?D When will your parents go to Paris?
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考题 单选题Which of the following is the best revision of the underlined portion of sentence 8(reproduced below)?You have probably had the experience of thinking about a paper or a math problem for so long that it’s like one’s brain gets frozen.A it seems that your brain gets frozenB one’s brain gets frozenC your brain seems to freezeD your brains seem to freezeE one’s brain seems to freeze
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