单选题According to the speaker, ______ .A the Japanese imported industrial silicon for breast implants after World War II.B the invading forces sold silicon to Japanese women working in factories.C plastic surgery is also very popular with women in Western countries.D Asian women undergoing plastic surgery are eager to emigrate to the US.

考题 Before and during World War II, families faced few financial problems in the industrialized world, so women didn’t have to work outside the home. Families were perfect.()

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考题 Traditional Japanese families take women as a piece of property, which is subjected to men’s disposal.()

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考题 In the years after the Civil War most American painters received their training in Europe, the majority studying in the French schools at Paris or Barbizon, and a smaller number in Germany at Munich(慕尼黑) and Dusseldorf(杜塞尔多夫). The teaching of the Barbizon school, which stressed the use of color and the creation of an impression or a mood, influenced many American artists. One group of American painters, led by James McNeill Whistler and John Singer Sargent, expatriated(移居国外) themselves from the American scene and settled in Europe. Whistler, who is often ranked as the greatest genius(天才) in the history of American art, was a versatile(多才多艺的) and industrious(勤奋的) artist who was equally proficient(熟练的) in several media-oil, watercolor, etching(铜版画)-and with several themes-portraits and his so-called nocturnes(夜景画), impressionistic sketches(印象画) of moonlight on water and other scenes. He was one of the first to appreciate the beauty of Japanese color prints and to introduce Oriental concepts into Western art.1. For a period after the Civil War, the majority of American painters ____.A、was influenced by the Barbizon schoolB、painted in the impressionist styleC、studied art in EuropeD、used striking color in their work2. According to the passage, one group of American painters ____.A、left America never to returnB、turned their back on the American art traditionC、copied the style. of Whistler and SargentD、were unaffected by the European style. of painting3. From the passage we are led to believe that Whistler ____.A、did much of his painting at nightB、produced a large number of picturesC、combined several media and themes in his paintingsD、was most proficient in impressionistic sketches4. According to the passage, Whistler was one of the first Western painters to ____.A、use Japanese ideas in his own workB、become interested in Japanese printingC、admire Japanese oil paintingsD、start producing Japanese sketches5. The main theme of this passage is ____.A、Whistlers influence on Western artB、The influence of European art on American paintersC、The influence of Oriental art on WhistlerD、The American painters influence in Europe

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考题 According to the American linguist, Deborah Tannen, communication habits vary depending on individual personality, culture, and among other factors, gender(性别). Since male ways of communicating are standard in business, women’s ways of talking are often ignored or misunderstood in the workplace. Tannen emphasizes that female and male style. are both valid(有效的). Here are some of Tannen’s main points:Conversational styles in boys and girls show up(显现)early. Even 5-year-old boys care about their ranks in the group, while 5-year-old girls care more about being in or out of the group. Therefore, men’s conversational styles often use competition(竞争), while women try to keep the appearance of equality(平等).Women tend to apologize more than men, as an attempt(试图)to restore(恢复)the power balance (权力平衡) in conversation. When men simply accept the apology rather than part of the responsibility, women feel unjustly (不公正地)blameD.Western women favor indirect ways of speaking, which is interpreted(理解)by Western men as showing insecurity(局促不安) and lack of confidence(缺乏自信). However, this gender difference is also a cultural difference: Japanese business culture demands indirectness, and direct approach used by Western businessmen is often seen as rude by the Japanese.1. Communication habits vary depending on individual personality, culture and diet.()A.TrueB.False2. Business people normally act according to how men communicate with each other.()A.TrueB.False3. Kids are concerned about similar things when they are about 5.()A.TrueB.False4. Women tend to feel that it is not fair to be blamed when men don’t think they are also responsible for certain thing.()A.TrueB.False5. Women in the west like indirect ways of speaking, which is taken by men as confident.()A.TrueB.False

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考题资料：Even as rich countries seek to rid workplaces of subtle gender bias, in many developing ones discrimination remains overt. According to the World Bank, women are barred from certain jobs in 104 countries.（1） “Gender equality in labour law is associated with more women working and earning more relative to men,” says Sarah Iqbal of the Bank. Yet some countries publish lists of jobs deemed too dangerous for women （Russia’s 456 include driving a train or steering a ship）. Others stop women from working in entire sectors, at night or in “morally inappropriate” jobs （in Kazakhstan women cannot bleed or stun cattle, pigs or small ruminants）. In four countries women cannot register a business. In 18 a husband can stop his wife working. A（2） The aim is often to protect the “weaker sex”. Some laws put women in the same category as children; they concern jobs seen as physically tough, such as mining, construction and manufacturing. Others relate to broader safety fears. In Mumbai, for example, female shopkeepers cannot work as late as male ones. Other laws are intended to protect capacity to bear children. “Such policies often have demographic motivations, especially in countries with low birth rates,” says Ms Iqbal. （3） Restrictions on night work originated in England during the Industrial Revolution. B In 1948 the International Labour Organisation （ILO） still sought to keep women away from mines and industrial nightwork. Spain did not lift restrictions on female workers in mining, electricity and some construction jobs until 1995. Some bans on women’s work still in place in former colonies are remnants of the 1960 Spanish Civil Code, the Napoleonic Code or Commonwealth laws. （4） Some laws are of surprisingly recent origin: Vietnam’s ban on women driving tractors of 50 horsepower or more came into force in 2013. But on balance, the trend is towards liberalisation. In recent years Bulgaria, Kiribati and Poland have removed all restrictions; Colombia and Congo have got rid of some. Other countries have changed laws in light of technological advances that have made many jobs safer and less reliant on brute force, or have seen courts overturn bans as discriminatory. C（5） Labour shortages are also leading to change. When many male miners left Marmato, in Colombia, to find better pay elsewhere, female replacements were tolerated, even though hiring them broke the law. Similarly, when male truckers in eastern European countries that joined the European Union left for western ones, pressure to let women replace them increased. And the end of a ban on women working nights in the Philippines in 2011 was cheered on by call-centres, which need staff during daytime in America and Europe. （6） Some sex-specific restrictions are called for, says the ILO, particularly in the case of pregnant and breast-feeding women, for example when working with chemicals.（Such temporary and specific precautions are not counted in the World Bank’s study.） But, concludes the ILO, blanket protective prohibitions are “increasingly obsolete”. D（7） What does “blanket protective prohibitions are ‘increasingly obsolete’” mean in the last paragraph?A.In blanket industry, the work restrictions on women have become very strict. B.Restrictions on women in blanket industry have taken off in some countries. C.In order to protect women’s rights, work restrictions should be banned. D.Work restrictions that claim to protect all women are no longer popular.

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考题资料：Even as rich countries seek to rid workplaces of subtle gender bias, in many developing ones discrimination remains overt. According to the World Bank, women are barred from certain jobs in 104 countries.（1） “Gender equality in labour law is associated with more women working and earning more relative to men,” says Sarah Iqbal of the Bank. Yet some countries publish lists of jobs deemed too dangerous for women （Russia’s 456 include driving a train or steering a ship）. Others stop women from working in entire sectors, at night or in “morally inappropriate” jobs （in Kazakhstan women cannot bleed or stun cattle, pigs or small ruminants）. In four countries women cannot register a business. In 18 a husband can stop his wife working. A（2） The aim is often to protect the “weaker sex”. Some laws put women in the same category as children; they concern jobs seen as physically tough, such as mining, construction and manufacturing. Others relate to broader safety fears. In Mumbai, for example, female shopkeepers cannot work as late as male ones. Other laws are intended to protect capacity to bear children. “Such policies often have demographic motivations, especially in countries with low birth rates,” says Ms Iqbal. （3） Restrictions on night work originated in England during the Industrial Revolution. B In 1948 the International Labour Organisation （ILO） still sought to keep women away from mines and industrial nightwork. Spain did not lift restrictions on female workers in mining, electricity and some construction jobs until 1995. Some bans on women’s work still in place in former colonies are remnants of the 1960 Spanish Civil Code, the Napoleonic Code or Commonwealth laws. （4） Some laws are of surprisingly recent origin: Vietnam’s ban on women driving tractors of 50 horsepower or more came into force in 2013. But on balance, the trend is towards liberalisation. In recent years Bulgaria, Kiribati and Poland have removed all restrictions; Colombia and Congo have got rid of some. Other countries have changed laws in light of technological advances that have made many jobs safer and less reliant on brute force, or have seen courts overturn bans as discriminatory. C（5） Labour shortages are also leading to change. When many male miners left Marmato, in Colombia, to find better pay elsewhere, female replacements were tolerated, even though hiring them broke the law. Similarly, when male truckers in eastern European countries that joined the European Union left for western ones, pressure to let women replace them increased. And the end of a ban on women working nights in the Philippines in 2011 was cheered on by call-centres, which need staff during daytime in America and Europe. （6） Some sex-specific restrictions are called for, says the ILO, particularly in the case of pregnant and breast-feeding women, for example when working with chemicals.（Such temporary and specific precautions are not counted in the World Bank’s study.） But, concludes the ILO, blanket protective prohibitions are “increasingly obsolete”. D（7） Which statement is true about the restrictions on work?A.In developing countries, the gender discrimination in work field is spreading to more countries. B.Due to work restrictions, women cannot work in some tough industries. C.Women appreciate being treated as weaker sex in some countries so as to bear children. D.Lifting restrictions on a list of dangerous jobs can help to solve the problem of inequality in work.

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考题资料：Even as rich countries seek to rid workplaces of subtle gender bias, in many developing ones discrimination remains overt. According to the World Bank, women are barred from certain jobs in 104 countries.（1） “Gender equality in labour law is associated with more women working and earning more relative to men,” says Sarah Iqbal of the Bank. Yet some countries publish lists of jobs deemed too dangerous for women （Russia’s 456 include driving a train or steering a ship）. Others stop women from working in entire sectors, at night or in “morally inappropriate” jobs （in Kazakhstan women cannot bleed or stun cattle, pigs or small ruminants）. In four countries women cannot register a business. In 18 a husband can stop his wife working. A（2） The aim is often to protect the “weaker sex”. Some laws put women in the same category as children; they concern jobs seen as physically tough, such as mining, construction and manufacturing. Others relate to broader safety fears. In Mumbai, for example, female shopkeepers cannot work as late as male ones. Other laws are intended to protect capacity to bear children. “Such policies often have demographic motivations, especially in countries with low birth rates,” says Ms Iqbal. （3） Restrictions on night work originated in England during the Industrial Revolution. B In 1948 the International Labour Organisation （ILO） still sought to keep women away from mines and industrial nightwork. Spain did not lift restrictions on female workers in mining, electricity and some construction jobs until 1995. Some bans on women’s work still in place in former colonies are remnants of the 1960 Spanish Civil Code, the Napoleonic Code or Commonwealth laws. （4） Some laws are of surprisingly recent origin: Vietnam’s ban on women driving tractors of 50 horsepower or more came into force in 2013. But on balance, the trend is towards liberalisation. In recent years Bulgaria, Kiribati and Poland have removed all restrictions; Colombia and Congo have got rid of some. Other countries have changed laws in light of technological advances that have made many jobs safer and less reliant on brute force, or have seen courts overturn bans as discriminatory. C（5） Labour shortages are also leading to change. When many male miners left Marmato, in Colombia, to find better pay elsewhere, female replacements were tolerated, even though hiring them broke the law. Similarly, when male truckers in eastern European countries that joined the European Union left for western ones, pressure to let women replace them increased. And the end of a ban on women working nights in the Philippines in 2011 was cheered on by call-centres, which need staff during daytime in America and Europe. （6） Some sex-specific restrictions are called for, says the ILO, particularly in the case of pregnant and breast-feeding women, for example when working with chemicals.（Such temporary and specific precautions are not counted in the World Bank’s study.） But, concludes the ILO, blanket protective prohibitions are “increasingly obsolete”. D（7） Read the whole passage and decide in which place the following sentence should be put: “They were based on the idea that women not only were weaker and more vulnerable to exploitation than men, but also lacked competence to make valid choices.”A.B B.C C.D D.D

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考题资料：Even as rich countries seek to rid workplaces of subtle gender bias, in many developing ones discrimination remains overt. According to the World Bank, women are barred from certain jobs in 104 countries.（1） “Gender equality in labour law is associated with more women working and earning more relative to men,” says Sarah Iqbal of the Bank. Yet some countries publish lists of jobs deemed too dangerous for women （Russia’s 456 include driving a train or steering a ship）. Others stop women from working in entire sectors, at night or in “morally inappropriate” jobs （in Kazakhstan women cannot bleed or stun cattle, pigs or small ruminants）. In four countries women cannot register a business. In 18 a husband can stop his wife working. A（2） The aim is often to protect the “weaker sex”. Some laws put women in the same category as children; they concern jobs seen as physically tough, such as mining, construction and manufacturing. Others relate to broader safety fears. In Mumbai, for example, female shopkeepers cannot work as late as male ones. Other laws are intended to protect capacity to bear children. “Such policies often have demographic motivations, especially in countries with low birth rates,” says Ms Iqbal. （3） Restrictions on night work originated in England during the Industrial Revolution. B In 1948 the International Labour Organisation （ILO） still sought to keep women away from mines and industrial nightwork. Spain did not lift restrictions on female workers in mining, electricity and some construction jobs until 1995. Some bans on women’s work still in place in former colonies are remnants of the 1960 Spanish Civil Code, the Napoleonic Code or Commonwealth laws. （4） Some laws are of surprisingly recent origin: Vietnam’s ban on women driving tractors of 50 horsepower or more came into force in 2013. But on balance, the trend is towards liberalisation. In recent years Bulgaria, Kiribati and Poland have removed all restrictions; Colombia and Congo have got rid of some. Other countries have changed laws in light of technological advances that have made many jobs safer and less reliant on brute force, or have seen courts overturn bans as discriminatory. C（5） Labour shortages are also leading to change. When many male miners left Marmato, in Colombia, to find better pay elsewhere, female replacements were tolerated, even though hiring them broke the law. Similarly, when male truckers in eastern European countries that joined the European Union left for western ones, pressure to let women replace them increased. And the end of a ban on women working nights in the Philippines in 2011 was cheered on by call-centres, which need staff during daytime in America and Europe. （6） Some sex-specific restrictions are called for, says the ILO, particularly in the case of pregnant and breast-feeding women, for example when working with chemicals.（Such temporary and specific precautions are not counted in the World Bank’s study.） But, concludes the ILO, blanket protective prohibitions are “increasingly obsolete”. D（7） “But on balance, the trend is towards liberalization” （Paragraph 5） indicates that ____________.A.Vietnam’s ban is a reflection of reform responding to the gender bias in job markets B.making laws about restrictions on women’s work has led to liberalisation C.more countries have taken measures to abrogate work restrictions on women D.the ILO has led a movement to eliminate work restrictions on women

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考题资料：Even as rich countries seek to rid workplaces of subtle gender bias, in many developing ones discrimination remains overt. According to the World Bank, women are barred from certain jobs in 104 countries.（1） “Gender equality in labour law is associated with more women working and earning more relative to men,” says Sarah Iqbal of the Bank. Yet some countries publish lists of jobs deemed too dangerous for women （Russia’s 456 include driving a train or steering a ship）. Others stop women from working in entire sectors, at night or in “morally inappropriate” jobs （in Kazakhstan women cannot bleed or stun cattle, pigs or small ruminants）. In four countries women cannot register a business. In 18 a husband can stop his wife working. A（2） The aim is often to protect the “weaker sex”. Some laws put women in the same category as children; they concern jobs seen as physically tough, such as mining, construction and manufacturing. Others relate to broader safety fears. In Mumbai, for example, female shopkeepers cannot work as late as male ones. Other laws are intended to protect capacity to bear children. “Such policies often have demographic motivations, especially in countries with low birth rates,” says Ms Iqbal. （3） Restrictions on night work originated in England during the Industrial Revolution. B In 1948 the International Labour Organisation （ILO） still sought to keep women away from mines and industrial nightwork. Spain did not lift restrictions on female workers in mining, electricity and some construction jobs until 1995. Some bans on women’s work still in place in former colonies are remnants of the 1960 Spanish Civil Code, the Napoleonic Code or Commonwealth laws. （4） Some laws are of surprisingly recent origin: Vietnam’s ban on women driving tractors of 50 horsepower or more came into force in 2013. But on balance, the trend is towards liberalisation. In recent years Bulgaria, Kiribati and Poland have removed all restrictions; Colombia and Congo have got rid of some. Other countries have changed laws in light of technological advances that have made many jobs safer and less reliant on brute force, or have seen courts overturn bans as discriminatory. C（5） Labour shortages are also leading to change. When many male miners left Marmato, in Colombia, to find better pay elsewhere, female replacements were tolerated, even though hiring them broke the law. Similarly, when male truckers in eastern European countries that joined the European Union left for western ones, pressure to let women replace them increased. And the end of a ban on women working nights in the Philippines in 2011 was cheered on by call-centres, which need staff during daytime in America and Europe. （6） Some sex-specific restrictions are called for, says the ILO, particularly in the case of pregnant and breast-feeding women, for example when working with chemicals.（Such temporary and specific precautions are not counted in the World Bank’s study.） But, concludes the ILO, blanket protective prohibitions are “increasingly obsolete”. D（7） Which of the following is the reason for the change related to gender discrimination in job market?A.Some jobs are too dangerous for women. B.Men are hunting higher paid jobs in other places. C.In specific areas women are paid higher than men. D.Women have the choice of not bearing children.

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考题共用题干第三篇Food for LearningIn Eritrea,a small country in northeast Africa,approximately 80 percent of the population is illiterate. That percentage is even higher for women.As in many developing countries,most Eritreans have traditionalideas about the role of women.They believe that women should stay home and take care of the family and should not get an education or look for a job.These beliefs are one of the factors that prevent Eritrea and other developing countries from improving their economic situation. Experience in many countries has shown that educated women have fewer children and have more opportunities for improving their lives and the lives of their families.In Eritrea,in fact,there is great need for improvement.It is one of the poorest countries in the world.For many Eritrean families,getting enough food is a daily problem.To deal with these problems,the Eritrean government,together with the World Food Program,has a new program that offers food as a reward for learning. In primary schools,all the children receive food packages to take home to their families.However,with the new program,the girls receive 50 percent more food than the boys.This way,parents are encouraged to send their daughters to school rather than keeping them at home.Another government program that aims to educate women is Food for Training. Managed by the National Union of Eritrean Women,this pro缪m offers food rewards(also from the World Food Organization)to women and older girls who are willing to join the program.Because of the war with Ethiopia,many women are bring- ing up their families on their own.They often live in refugee camps,with no land of their own and no way to earn money. Most of these women are illiterate and have no skills to find a job.They spend most of their day looking for food and preparing it for their families.The Food for Training program helps the teenagers and women change their lives.If they agree to join he program,they receive a large package of food each month.In return,the women are required to attend freeliteracy classes for two卜ours every day. When Food for Training started with classes in two regions of Eritrea, 5,000 girls and women joined in the first two months.It is especially popular with teenage girls,aged fourteen to sixteen,who have never had a chance to go to school before.The organizers of Food for Training also plan to offer other kinds of courses for women,using the same system of food rewards.In these courses,they will teach women job skills and crafts,such as basket weaving. These women will not only learn to read and write,but also become aware of what is going on in their coun- try，and they will be able to have a voice in their future.The new literacy programs are an example of__________.A:the work of 5,000 women and teenage girlsB:the problems with international aid organizationsC:local and international organizations working togetherD:the Eritrean government working to keep its power

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考题共用题干第三篇Food for LearningIn Eritrea,a small country in northeast Africa,approximately 80 percent of the population is illiterate. That percentage is even higher for women.As in many developing countries,most Eritreans have traditionalideas about the role of women.They believe that women should stay home and take care of the family and should not get an education or look for a job.These beliefs are one of the factors that prevent Eritrea and other developing countries from improving their economic situation. Experience in many countries has shown that educated women have fewer children and have more opportunities for improving their lives and the lives of their families.In Eritrea,in fact,there is great need for improvement.It is one of the poorest countries in the world.For many Eritrean families,getting enough food is a daily problem.To deal with these problems,the Eritrean government,together with the World Food Program,has a new program that offers food as a reward for learning. In primary schools,all the children receive food packages to take home to their families.However,with the new program,the girls receive 50 percent more food than the boys.This way,parents are encouraged to send their daughters to school rather than keeping them at home.Another government program that aims to educate women is Food for Training. Managed by the National Union of Eritrean Women,this pro缪m offers food rewards(also from the World Food Organization)to women and older girls who are willing to join the program.Because of the war with Ethiopia,many women are bring- ing up their families on their own.They often live in refugee camps,with no land of their own and no way to earn money. Most of these women are illiterate and have no skills to find a job.They spend most of their day looking for food and preparing it for their families.The Food for Training program helps the teenagers and women change their lives.If they agree to join he program,they receive a large package of food each month.In return,the women are required to attend freeliteracy classes for two卜ours every day. When Food for Training started with classes in two regions of Eritrea, 5,000 girls and women joined in the first two months.It is especially popular with teenage girls,aged fourteen to sixteen,who have never had a chance to go to school before.The organizers of Food for Training also plan to offer other kinds of courses for women,using the same system of food rewards.In these courses,they will teach women job skills and crafts,such as basket weaving. These women will not only learn to read and write,but also become aware of what is going on in their coun- try，and they will be able to have a voice in their future.According to the passage,Food for Training will_________.A:help women better their livesB:encourage women to leave their countryC:teach women about international aidD:allow women to spend more time at home

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考题共用题干 Breast Cancer Deaths Record LowThe number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to a record low by dropping under 12,000 a year for the first time since records began.The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11,990 women died in the UK in 2007.The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1 97 1一 the year records began一after which it rose steadily year by year until the late 1980s.Professor Peter Johnson,Cancer Research UK's chief clinician,said,"It's incredibly encouraging to see fewer women dying from breast cancer now than at any time in the last 40 years,despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often.""Research has played a crucial role in this progress,leading to improved treatments and better management for women with the disease."" The introduction of the NHS（国民保健制度）breast screening program has also contributed as the earlier cancer is diagnosed,women are more likely to survive."Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK with 45,500 women every year diagnosed with the disease一a 50% rise in 25 years.The number of deaths peaked in 1989,when 15,625 women died.It then fell by between 200 and 400 deaths each year until 2004.There was a slight rise in 2005 and then two years of falls.Dr. Sarah Cant,policy manager at Breakthrough Breast Cancer,said,"It is great news that fewer women are dying from breast cancer and highlights the impact of improved treatments,breast screening and awareness of the disease.""However,there are still too many women affected and the incidence of the disease is increasing year byyear.,,The rising rate of breast cancer diagnosis has been put down to a variety of factors including obesity （肥胖）and alcohol consumption.The rate of breast cancer diagnosis in the UK has been dropping.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned

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考题共用题干 Breast Cancer Deaths Record LowThe number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to a record low by dropping under 12,000 a year for the first time since records began.The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11,990 women died in the UK in 2007.The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1 97 1一 the year records began一after which it rose steadily year by year until the late 1980s.Professor Peter Johnson,Cancer Research UK's chief clinician,said,"It's incredibly encouraging to see fewer women dying from breast cancer now than at any time in the last 40 years,despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often.""Research has played a crucial role in this progress,leading to improved treatments and better management for women with the disease."" The introduction of the NHS（国民保健制度）breast screening program has also contributed as the earlier cancer is diagnosed,women are more likely to survive."Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK with 45,500 women every year diagnosed with the disease一a 50% rise in 25 years.The number of deaths peaked in 1989,when 15,625 women died.It then fell by between 200 and 400 deaths each year until 2004.There was a slight rise in 2005 and then two years of falls.Dr. Sarah Cant,policy manager at Breakthrough Breast Cancer,said,"It is great news that fewer women are dying from breast cancer and highlights the impact of improved treatments,breast screening and awareness of the disease.""However,there are still too many women affected and the incidence of the disease is increasing year byyear.,,The rising rate of breast cancer diagnosis has been put down to a variety of factors including obesity （肥胖）and alcohol consumption.Breast cancer can come back 10 years after you are first diagnosed.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned

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考题共用题干 Breast Cancer Deaths Record LowThe number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to a record low by dropping under 12,000 a year for the first time since records began.The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11,990 women died in the UK in 2007.The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1 97 1一 the year records began一after which it rose steadily year by year until the late 1980s.Professor Peter Johnson,Cancer Research UK's chief clinician,said,"It's incredibly encouraging to see fewer women dying from breast cancer now than at any time in the last 40 years,despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often.""Research has played a crucial role in this progress,leading to improved treatments and better management for women with the disease."" The introduction of the NHS（国民保健制度）breast screening program has also contributed as the earlier cancer is diagnosed,women are more likely to survive."Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK with 45,500 women every year diagnosed with the disease一a 50% rise in 25 years.The number of deaths peaked in 1989,when 15,625 women died.It then fell by between 200 and 400 deaths each year until 2004.There was a slight rise in 2005 and then two years of falls.Dr. Sarah Cant,policy manager at Breakthrough Breast Cancer,said,"It is great news that fewer women are dying from breast cancer and highlights the impact of improved treatments,breast screening and awareness of the disease.""However,there are still too many women affected and the incidence of the disease is increasing year byyear.,,The rising rate of breast cancer diagnosis has been put down to a variety of factors including obesity （肥胖）and alcohol consumption.11,990 women died from breast cancer in the UK in 2007.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned

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考题共用题干 Screen Test1 Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough,the disease can often be treated successfully.According to a survey published last year,2 1 countries have screening programs.Nine of them,including Australia,Canada,the US and Spain, screen women under 50.2 But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial,partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also,younger women must be given higher doses of X-raysbecause their breast tissue is denser.3 Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analyzed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics.After estimating the women's cumulative dose of radiation,they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.4 The mathematical model recommended by Britain's National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB)predicted that the screening program would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women,18 of them fatal.The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers.5 The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is"not very significant"compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated.The Valencia program,they say,detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.6 But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45,because they would be exposed to less radiation.The results of their study,they suggest,could help"optimize the technique"for breast cancer screening.7 "There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks," admits Michael Clark of the NRPB.But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution."On the basis of the current data,for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life.That'S why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening program."Advantages of screening women under 50 are_________.A:be costlyB:harmfulC:save a lifeD:still open to debateE:reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancerF:reduced to the minimum

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考题共用题干 Screen Test1 Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough,the disease can often be treated successfully.According to a survey published last year,2 1 countries have screening programs.Nine of them,including Australia,Canada,the US and Spain, screen women under 50.2 But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial,partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also,younger women must be given higher doses of X-raysbecause their breast tissue is denser.3 Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analyzed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics.After estimating the women's cumulative dose of radiation,they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.4 The mathematical model recommended by Britain's National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB)predicted that the screening program would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women,18 of them fatal.The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 cancers.5 The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is"not very significant"compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated.The Valencia program,they say,detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.6 But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45,because they would be exposed to less radiation.The results of their study,they suggest,could help"optimize the technique"for breast cancer screening.7 "There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks," admits Michael Clark of the NRPB.But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution."On the basis of the current data,for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life.That'S why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening program."Early discovery of breast cancer may________.A:be costlyB:harmfulC:save a lifeD:still open to debateE:reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancerF:reduced to the minimum

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考题共用题干 Breast Cancer Deaths Record LowThe number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to a record low by dropping under 12,000 a year for the first time since records began.The Cancer Research UK data showed that 11,990 women died in the UK in 2007.The previous lowest figure had been recorded in 1 97 1一 the year records began一after which it rose steadily year by year until the late 1980s.Professor Peter Johnson,Cancer Research UK's chief clinician,said,"It's incredibly encouraging to see fewer women dying from breast cancer now than at any time in the last 40 years,despite breast cancer being diagnosed more often.""Research has played a crucial role in this progress,leading to improved treatments and better management for women with the disease."" The introduction of the NHS（国民保健制度）breast screening program has also contributed as the earlier cancer is diagnosed,women are more likely to survive."Breast cancer is now the most common cancer in the UK with 45,500 women every year diagnosed with the disease一a 50% rise in 25 years.The number of deaths peaked in 1989,when 15,625 women died.It then fell by between 200 and 400 deaths each year until 2004.There was a slight rise in 2005 and then two years of falls.Dr. Sarah Cant,policy manager at Breakthrough Breast Cancer,said,"It is great news that fewer women are dying from breast cancer and highlights the impact of improved treatments,breast screening and awareness of the disease.""However,there are still too many women affected and the incidence of the disease is increasing year byyear.,,The rising rate of breast cancer diagnosis has been put down to a variety of factors including obesity （肥胖）and alcohol consumption.Obesity and alcohol consumption may also lead to some other diseases.A:RightB:WrongC:Not mentioned

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考题共用题干第二篇Japan's Single LadiesIt is estimated that in Tokyo 70% of single working women choose to live with their parents and only 50%of them pay some rent. After graduating from college,these women came back to their nest and never left. With their mothers taking care of them,these young ladies are not in a hurry to get married,since they don't do housework or laundry,or cook.Happily unmarried,these called"parasite single",who have become the focus of the Japanese society,interpret marriage as lower standard of living and less money."The problem is that Japan is very different from the United States or Europe,where after marriage it's still possible for a woman to pursue a career,even after having a baby.While in Japan usually the husband doesn't want the wife to work," says Mariko Kawana,who is 27 years old and works as a secretary. Her opinion is agreed by Mild Takasu,who carries a $2 ,900 Bubbery purse,and drives a BMW."If a woman realizes there is something she wants to do after having been married,it is almost unlikely for her to come back to it."This is the first significant group of Japanese women to stay single beyond their early twenties. Their lifestyle and opinions define a kind of Tokyo yuppie.In the past 15 years,the number of women who are single into their late twenties has risen to 50%.They are crazy about shopping,and they spend most of their salaries on luxury and leisure.According to a nationwide survey,in 2003 they surprisingly covered 15%share in the total outbound leisure travel market from Japan,so they are targeted by travel agencies as"the office ladies".In 2002,a shopping tour which concentrated only on shopping in Milan attracted 700 Japanese single ladies in two months,featured none of Italy's famous tourist attractions.The participants didn't even try famous Italian food,but grabbed snacks on the run to the outlet shops.Girls like Miki,who are less affected by Japan's economic downturn,can afford this lifestyle because they live with their parents and they have jobs,and most of their incomes are disposable.Opinions on these young women vary.Some people think that they are good for the economy because they spend their incomes on cars and clothes,while a large number of people think they are destroying society by refusing to get married and have children.These single working women are reluctant to leave home because_______.A:they couldn't live independentlyB:they couldn't find a jobC:life at home is comfortableD:they are faced with a variety of offers

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考题共用题干第二篇Japan's Single LadiesIt is estimated that in Tokyo 70% of single working women choose to live with their parents and only 50%of them pay some rent. After graduating from college,these women came back to their nest and never left. With their mothers taking care of them,these young ladies are not in a hurry to get married,since they don't do housework or laundry,or cook.Happily unmarried,these called"parasite single",who have become the focus of the Japanese society,interpret marriage as lower standard of living and less money."The problem is that Japan is very different from the United States or Europe,where after marriage it's still possible for a woman to pursue a career,even after having a baby.While in Japan usually the husband doesn't want the wife to work," says Mariko Kawana,who is 27 years old and works as a secretary. Her opinion is agreed by Mild Takasu,who carries a $2 ,900 Bubbery purse,and drives a BMW."If a woman realizes there is something she wants to do after having been married,it is almost unlikely for her to come back to it."This is the first significant group of Japanese women to stay single beyond their early twenties. Their lifestyle and opinions define a kind of Tokyo yuppie.In the past 15 years,the number of women who are single into their late twenties has risen to 50%.They are crazy about shopping,and they spend most of their salaries on luxury and leisure.According to a nationwide survey,in 2003 they surprisingly covered 15%share in the total outbound leisure travel market from Japan,so they are targeted by travel agencies as"the office ladies".In 2002,a shopping tour which concentrated only on shopping in Milan attracted 700 Japanese single ladies in two months,featured none of Italy's famous tourist attractions.The participants didn't even try famous Italian food,but grabbed snacks on the run to the outlet shops.Girls like Miki,who are less affected by Japan's economic downturn,can afford this lifestyle because they live with their parents and they have jobs,and most of their incomes are disposable.Opinions on these young women vary.Some people think that they are good for the economy because they spend their incomes on cars and clothes,while a large number of people think they are destroying society by refusing to get married and have children.According to the passage,what is Not mentioned as the reason for these single women's unwillingness to get married?A:Marriage means lower living standards.B:They will have less money to spend on buying what they want.C:They will have babies.D:They are unlikely to go back to work after marriage.

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考题共用题干第二篇Japan's Single LadiesIt is estimated that in Tokyo 70% of single working women choose to live with their parents and only 50%of them pay some rent. After graduating from college,these women came back to their nest and never left. With their mothers taking care of them,these young ladies are not in a hurry to get married,since they don't do housework or laundry,or cook.Happily unmarried,these called"parasite single",who have become the focus of the Japanese society,interpret marriage as lower standard of living and less money."The problem is that Japan is very different from the United States or Europe,where after marriage it's still possible for a woman to pursue a career,even after having a baby.While in Japan usually the husband doesn't want the wife to work," says Mariko Kawana,who is 27 years old and works as a secretary. Her opinion is agreed by Mild Takasu,who carries a $2 ,900 Bubbery purse,and drives a BMW."If a woman realizes there is something she wants to do after having been married,it is almost unlikely for her to come back to it."This is the first significant group of Japanese women to stay single beyond their early twenties. Their lifestyle and opinions define a kind of Tokyo yuppie.In the past 15 years,the number of women who are single into their late twenties has risen to 50%.They are crazy about shopping,and they spend most of their salaries on luxury and leisure.According to a nationwide survey,in 2003 they surprisingly covered 15%share in the total outbound leisure travel market from Japan,so they are targeted by travel agencies as"the office ladies".In 2002,a shopping tour which concentrated only on shopping in Milan attracted 700 Japanese single ladies in two months,featured none of Italy's famous tourist attractions.The participants didn't even try famous Italian food,but grabbed snacks on the run to the outlet shops.Girls like Miki,who are less affected by Japan's economic downturn,can afford this lifestyle because they live with their parents and they have jobs,and most of their incomes are disposable.Opinions on these young women vary.Some people think that they are good for the economy because they spend their incomes on cars and clothes,while a large number of people think they are destroying society by refusing to get married and have children.Why did they only eat snacks in spite of famous Italian food?A:Because they can't afford it after spending so much money on clothing.B:Because they are not interested in food.C:Because they are not used to Italian food.D:Because they have no time to eat in restaurants.

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考题 In 1893 New Zealand became the first country in the world（）Ato recognize Maori rights of self-determinationBgo give women the voteCto introduce procedures for handling industrial disputesDto adopt the 40-hour working week

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考题单选题Which of the following is true according to the fourth paragraph?A More and more Japanese cars are sold in Detroit recently.B Domestic cars still hold the bigger market share in America.C Chrysler’s market share has never been surpassed by Toyota.D Korean cars are less popular than Japanese cars in America.

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考题单选题The industrial revolution brought with it ______.A political struggle by the working classesB shifting roles for the female in the familyC more wealth for the women who worked in factoriesD confusion of cultural identity for women

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考题单选题According to the speaker, who are working in the industrial estates?A People from the suburbs.B People from other country towns.C Volunteers.D Local inhabitants.

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考题单选题According to the passage, it is now quite usual for women to______.A stay at home after leaving schoolB marry men younger than themselvesC start working again later in lifeD marry while still at school

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考题单选题In 1893 New Zealand became the first country in the world（）A to recognize Maori rights of self-determinationB go give women the voteC to introduce procedures for handling industrial disputesD to adopt the 40-hour working week

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考题单选题Thanks to the militant feminist movement of the（）led by Mrs.Pankhurst before the First World War,votes were granted to women over 30 in 1918.A LudditesB SuffragettesC ChartistsD Levellers

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