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单选题
The ______ discovery of dinosaurs’ complete genes shocked the world and was received with disbelief.
A
successful
B
alleged
C
convincing
D
malicious
参考答案
参考解析
解析：
形容词辨析。从该句中的received with disbelief（受到人们的怀疑）可知此处指“所谓发现恐龙完整基因的消息令全世界为之震惊”。alleged声称的，所谓的。successful成功的。convincing令人信服的，有力的。malicious怀恶意的，恶毒的。因此答案为B。
形容词辨析。从该句中的received with disbelief（受到人们的怀疑）可知此处指“所谓发现恐龙完整基因的消息令全世界为之震惊”。alleged声称的，所谓的。successful成功的。convincing令人信服的，有力的。malicious怀恶意的，恶毒的。因此答案为B。
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根据下列材料，请回答 31～35 题：In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound.Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform. a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher’s me, here, now becomes the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims, the community takes control of what happens next. Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works it through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal is new-search, not re-search. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Azent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.” But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.In the end, credibility “happens” to a discovery claim – a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. “We reason together, challenge, revise, and complete each other’s reasoning and each other’s conceptions of reason.”第 31 题 According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its[A] uncertainty and complexity.[B] misconception and deceptiveness.[C] logicality and objectivity.[D] systematicness and regularity.
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B.shared efforts.
C.individual wisdom.
D.persistent innovation.
考题
根据下面资料，回答题
I′ve often wondered how exactly sleep, or lack of it, can have such an awful effect on our bodies and, guess what, how much we sleep switches good genes on and bad genes off.
In the first half of 2013, the Sleep Research Centre at the University of Surrey found a direct link between hours spent sleeping and genes. Every cell in our bodies carries genetic instructions in our DNA that act as a kind of operating handbook. However, each cell only "reads" the part of this handbook it needs at any given moment.
Can sleep affect how a gene reads instructions It′s a question asked by Professor Derk-Jan Dijk at the University of Surrey. He set up an experiment and asked his volunteers to spend a week sleeping around seven and a half hours to eight hours a night and the next sleeping six and a half to seven hours.
Blood samples were taken each week to compare which genes in blood cells were being used during the long and short nights. The results were rather surprising. Several hundred genes changed in the amount they were being used, including some that are linked to heart disease, cancer, and Type 2 diabetes. Genes to do with cell repair and replacement were used much less.
Sleep restriction (six and a half to seven hours a night) changed 380 genes. Of these,220 genes were down regulated (their power was reduced), while 160 were up regulated (their power was increased). Those affected included body-clock genes which are linked to diabetes. One of the most downgraded genes is that which has a role in controlling insulin and is linked to diabetes and insomnia. The most upgraded gene is linked to heart disease.
So changing sleep by tiny amounts can upgrade or downgrade genes that can influence our health and the diseases we suffer from when we sleep too little.
The important message is that getting close to eight hours of sleep a night can make a dramatic difference to our health in just a few days through the way it looks after our genes.
Which of the following can be inferred from the findings of the sleep research 查看材料A.When there is a sleep restriction, genes to do with cell repair and replacement function less.
B.In a sleep, several hundred genes change in the amount. The more changes, the worse results.
C.When genes are up regulated, they do good to health; when genes arc down regulated, they do harm to health.
D.Eight hours of sleep a day can be beneficial to our health in that it looks after our genes.
考题
根据下面资料，回答题
I′ve often wondered how exactly sleep, or lack of it, can have such an awful effect on our bodies and, guess what, how much we sleep switches good genes on and bad genes off.
In the first half of 2013, the Sleep Research Centre at the University of Surrey found a direct link between hours spent sleeping and genes. Every cell in our bodies carries genetic instructions in our DNA that act as a kind of operating handbook. However, each cell only "reads" the part of this handbook it needs at any given moment.
Can sleep affect how a gene reads instructions It′s a question asked by Professor Derk-Jan Dijk at the University of Surrey. He set up an experiment and asked his volunteers to spend a week sleeping around seven and a half hours to eight hours a night and the next sleeping six and a half to seven hours.
Blood samples were taken each week to compare which genes in blood cells were being used during the long and short nights. The results were rather surprising. Several hundred genes changed in the amount they were being used, including some that are linked to heart disease, cancer, and Type 2 diabetes. Genes to do with cell repair and replacement were used much less.
Sleep restriction (six and a half to seven hours a night) changed 380 genes. Of these,220 genes were down regulated (their power was reduced), while 160 were up regulated (their power was increased). Those affected included body-clock genes which are linked to diabetes. One of the most downgraded genes is that which has a role in controlling insulin and is linked to diabetes and insomnia. The most upgraded gene is linked to heart disease.
So changing sleep by tiny amounts can upgrade or downgrade genes that can influence our health and the diseases we suffer from when we sleep too little.
The important message is that getting close to eight hours of sleep a night can make a dramatic difference to our health in just a few days through the way it looks after our genes.
What kind of relation is directly discussed in the passage 查看材料A.Sleeping hours and changes of genes.
B.Sleeping hours and diseases.
C.Changes of genes and diseases.
D.Genes and health.
考题
Which tool provides A complete guide that makes it easier for partners, regardless of their experience level, to sell cisco unified communications solutions to their customers?（）A、Solution ExpertB、Quote BuilderC、Sales AcceleratorD、Competitive EdgeE、Cisco Discovery
考题
During an HACMP installation， it is discovered that the customer is using the 802.3 frame type on The Ethernet adapters. How will this affect HACMP？（） A、 HACMP will support all Ethernet frame types except EtherChannel.B、 HACMP will not complete autodiscovery if an adapter of type of 802.3 is discovered.C、 HACMP does not support 802.3 frame types and will ignore any adapters that are that type.D、 HACMP does not support 802.3 frame type but will attempt to add them to HACMP networks during the discovery process.
考题
脱管eNB的正确步骤是（）A、unmange eNB -- delete eNBB、delete eNB -- unmange eNBC、shut down discovery rule -- delete discovery ruleD、delete discovery rule --shut down discovery rule
考题
Which process occurs first during the Ethernet Discovery Stage process for a PPPoE service offering?（）A、The ERX router sends an Active Discovery Offer message.B、The ERX router sends an Active Discovery Initiation message.C、The customer device sends an Active Discovery Offer message.D、The customer device sends an Active Discovery Initiation message
考题
单选题Paleontologists hypothesize that modern birds evolved from the family of dinosaurs that included Tyrannosaurus rex. This hypothesis would be strongly supported if evidence that dinosaurs from this family had a body covering resembling feathers could be found, but so far no such evidence has been found. Which of the following, if true, would most help the paleontologists explain why no evidence of feathered dinosaurs has yet been found?A
Fossilized dinosaurs have shown many birdlike characteristics, such as bone structure and winglike arms.B
If birds are in fact the descendants of dinosaurs, then it can be argued that the dinosaurs never really died out.C
Flying dinosaurs such as the Pteranodon, which is not thought to have been related to modern birds, do not appear to have had feathers.D
Soft tissues such as skin and feathers do not fossilize like bones, and therefore are far less likely to have left permanent evidence in the fossil record.E
The thousands of dinosaur fossils excavated by paleontologists represent only a tiny fraction of the billions of dinosaurs that once lived.
考题
单选题Which tool provides A complete guide that makes it easier for partners, regardless of their experience level, to sell cisco unified communications solutions to their customers?（）A
Solution ExpertB
Quote BuilderC
Sales AcceleratorD
Competitive EdgeE
Cisco Discovery
考题
单选题The ERX Edge Router responds to a received PPP over Ethernet Active Discovery Initiation （PADI） with which message type？（）A
PPPoE Active Discovery OfferB
PPPoE Active Discovery InitiationC
PPPoE Active Session ConfirmationD
PPPoE Active Session Acknowledgment
考题
单选题The ERX Edge Router responds toa received PPP over Ethernet Active Discovery Initiation(PADI) with which message type?（）A
PPPoE Active Discovery OfferB
PPPoE Active Discovery InitiationC
PPPoE Active Session ConfirmationD
PPPoE Active Session Acknowledgment
考题
单选题The skulls and pelvic bones of some species of dinosaur share characteristics with the skulls and pelvic bones of all modern birds. Even though not all dinosaurs have these characteristics, there are scientists who claim that all animals that do have these characteristics are dinosaurs. If the statements above and the claim of the scientists are true, which of the following must also be true?A
Birds share more characteristics with dinosaurs than they do with other animals.B
Some ancient dinosaurs were indistinguishable from modern birds.C
All animals whose skulls share the characteristics of those of modern birds also have pelvic bones that are similar to those of modern birds.D
Modern birds are dinosaurs.E
All dinosaurs are birds.
考题
单选题Which process occurs first during the Ethernet Discovery Stage process for a PPPoE service offering?（）A
The ERX router sends an Active Discovery Off ermessage.B
The ERX router sendsan Active Discovery Initiation message.C
The customer device sends an Active Discovery Offer message.D
The customer device sends an Active Discovery Initiation message.
考题
单选题A one-year old, the pre-school teachers were shocked to hear him speak in full sentences.A
A one-year old, the pre-school teachers were shocked to hear him speak in full sentences.B
The pre-school teachers were shocked by the speaking in full sentences by the one-year old.C
The pre-school teachers were shocked to hear a one-year old speaking in full sentences.D
A one-year old speaking in full sentences, the pre-school teachers were shocked to hear him.E
The pre-school teachers, who were shocked to hear a one-year old speaking in full sentences.
考题
问答题Practice 2 Talk about fanciful thinking. One might as well ask if there will be a war that will end all wars, or a pill that will make us all good-looking. It is also a perfectly understandable question, given that half a million Americans will die this year of a disorder that is often discussed in terms that make it seem less like a disease than an unconquerable enemy. What tuberculosis was to the 19th century, cancer is to the 20th: an malevolent force that frightens people beyond all reason far more than, say, diabetes or high blood pressure. The welcome boom in cancer drugs owes its beginning to one of the 20th century’s greatest scientific insights: that cancer is caused not by depression or deteriorating environment or sexual repression, but by faulty genes. Every tumor begins with just one errant cell that has been unlucky enough to suffer at least two, but sometimes several, genetic mutations. Those mutations cause the cell to replicate wildly, allowing it to escape the control that genes normally maintain over the growth of new tissue. This realization has transformed cancer, in little more than a decade, from an utterly mysterious disease into a disorder whose molecular machinery is largely understood. This new view has sparked innovations that will manage the process and keep it from killing large numbers of people.
考题
问答题Don’t Blame DNA The really critical implication of the discovery still lies with the door that geneticists have opened on the environmental influences of our behaviour, our personalities and our health, 1 and with the critical blow it strikes on the idea of biological determinism. For the past decade, the public has witnessed a rising epidemic of tales of discoveries of genes that dispose humanity to homosexuality, to alcoholism, to political persuasion, to running ability, and to artistic taste. But even before yesterday’s revelations by Venter, scientists had stopped believing in the gay gene. Yet belief in its existence still persists among the public. The assault on biological determinism that geneticists have now triggered will be timely, and will prove that human nature is a lot more complex and intriguing than determinists have given it credit for. Even more importantly, the discovery has critical implications for our understanding of idea of free will. It has become increasingly fashionable for individuals particularly in the United States to blame actions and crimes on the influence of their genes. Consider the following story. A young American woman, Glenda Sue Caldwell, was convicted of killing her child and was jailed for life. Only later did she begin to display the symptoms of Huntington’s Disease, an inherited brain disorder that produces horrific delusions and uncontrolled movements. Claiming she was a victim of her genes, the woman was cleared on appeal. Since then, several other U.S. defendants accused of violent crimes have argued that they too were innocent victims of their genes. They were not responsible for their actions. Their genes were. None of these people have yet succeeded in persuading courts of their innocence and their genes’ guilt. Most lawyers felt such an outcome was nevertheless inevitable. In other words, genetic predestination could soon have been used to excuse murder or robbery—if it had not been for this discovery that we lack the genes to thus dispose us! Kevin Davies is the author of The Sequence, a story of the human genome race11. He said, “There has been a recent study on perfect pitch, the ability to know the absolute pitch of a musical note, that strongly suggests that is acquired through the inheritance of a single gene.” “That may sound like a clear-cut piece of biological determinism. However, there is a crucial corollary: you have to be exposed to early musical training for the ability to materialize. 13 In other words, even in seemingly simple inherited abilities, nurture has a role to play.” And then there is the case quoted by Venter. “Everyone talks about a gene for this and that. But it is not like that. Take the example of colon cancer. People say there is a gene that predisposes us to the disease. And certainly it runs in families. It is caused by an inherited weakness in one gene that controls DNA repair in other genes. 14 But that gene is found in cells in every part of the body. However, it is only the colon where we find all sorts of toxins and bacteria that provide the harsh circumstances that cause that gene to finally break down and for cancer to spread.” In short, it is not a colon cancer gene but a gene that affects our ability to respond to the environment. And that, is what human nature is all about.
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