提分必备：2021年考研初试政治模拟试题(2020-09-17)

Text 3 University used to be for a privileged few.In some countries it is now almost a rite of passage.Although that is excellent news,rew countries have worked out how to pay for it.In some of continental Europe,where the state often foots the bill,the result has usually been under investment.In America,where students themselves pay,many have little choice but to take on huge debts.English policymakers thought they had struck the right balance,with a mix of student fees and generous state loans.But,nearly two decades after youngsters were first required to contribute to tuition costs,the system has dwindling support at home.Jeremy Corbyn,Labour's leader,speaks as though it were designed to keep the poor from spoiling the ivory towers.He has called for an end to the"debt burden"on students,and has claimed that"fewer working-class young people are applying to university,"Labour's showing at the recent election suggests many young voters agree.Mr Corbyn's argument betrays a disregard for the facts and a poor understanding of student finance.Twenty years ago English students could go to university free,with the state covering the cost.The result was many struggling institutions and strict limits on the numbers of students universities were allowed to take.Annual tuition fees allowed an expansion of higher education,from around 30%of 18-year-olds to more than 40%-and the proportion of youngsters going to university from poor parts of the country has grown from one-in-ten to three-in-ten.That is because loans for tuition are combined with gentle repayment terms.Graduates only pay back based on their income above￡21,000 a year,meaning that their debts never become unmanageable.Outstanding loans are written off after 30 years.Critics argue that tuition fees aggravate inequality between generations（rich oldsters attended university free,after all）,but the alternative would be greater inequality within generations-as poorer students were once again frozen out when capacity fell,and relatively wealthy graduates were subsidised from general taxation.The real problem with the English system is not fairness,but that fees have not driven up standards.Almost all universities charge the maximum,whatever the course-not because they are a"cartel",but because no university wants to suggest that it offers a cut-price,second-rate degree.Nevertheless,surveys indicate that students have seen little improvement in teaching.One answer would be to promote competition by giving students better information.The government has relaxed the rules for new institutions in the hope that they will develop new teaching methods and drive down prices.It could also encourage students to hold universities to account,with devices such as learning contracts specifying what undergraduates should expect,and by helping them switch courses if they are dissatisfied.If students think they are not getting value for money,support for a scheme that is fair and progressive will dwindle.And that could lead to the most regressive step of all:scrapping tuition fees.
The author views Jeremy Corbyn's argument with______

A.iolerance
B.opposition
C.approval
D.uncertainty

毛泽东在《中国革命和中国共产党》中论述了民主革命和社会主义 革命的关系。他指出：“民主革命是社会主义革命的必要准备，社 会主义革命是民主革命的必然趋势”。这两个革命阶段能够有机 连接的原因是
A.资本主义道路在中国走不通
B.俄国十月革命为中国提供了经验
C.民主革命中包含了社会主义因素
D.中国国情决定中国革命必须分两步走

肺出血肾炎综合征肾的主要病变是

A.新月体形成
B.肾小球毛细血管基底膜增厚
C.内皮细胞和系膜细胞增生
D.系膜细胞及基质增生