每日一练:2021年考研英语二模拟试题(2020-10-10)
发布时间:2020-10-10
2021年考研初试备考还有最后的近三个月时间,相信大家也都在紧张的复习当中。在复习时,多做练习题可以让我们更加了解考试内容。下面,51题库考试学习网为大家带来考研初试的一些模拟试题,正在备考的小伙伴赶紧练起来吧。
Passage Two
When families gather for Christmas dinner,
some will stick to formal traditions dating back to Grandma’s generation. Their tables will be set
with the good dishes and silver, and the dress code will be Sunday-best。
But in many other homes, this
china-and-silver elegance has given way to a stoneware-and-stainless
informality, with dresses assuming an equally casual-Friday look. For hosts and
guests, the change means greater simplicity and comfort. For makers of fine
china in Britain, it spells economic hard times。
Last week Royal Doulton, the largest
employer in Stoke-on-Trent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000 jobs—one—fifth of its total workforce. That brings to more than 4,000 the
number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery (陶瓷) region. Wedgwood and other pottery
factories made cuts earlier。
Although a strong pound and weak markets in
Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in
earthshaking social shifts. A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the
company “has been somewhat
slow in catching up with the trend” toward casual dining. Families eat together less often, he
explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they
eat in front of television。
Even dinner parties, if they happen at all,
have gone casual. In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules,
busy hosts insist, rightly, that it’s better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room
than to wait for the perfect moment or a “real” dinner party. Too
often, the perfect moment never comes. Iron a fine-patterned tablecloth? Forget
it. Polish the silver? Who has time?
Yet the loss of formality has its down
side. The fine points of etiquette (礼节) that children might once have learned at the table by observation
or instruction from parents and grandparents (“Chew with your mouth closed” “Keep your elbows off the table”) must be picked up elsewhere. Some
companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be competent
professionally but clueless socially。
26. The trend toward casual dining has
resulted in
A. bankruptcy of fine china manufacturers。
B. shrinking of the pottery industry。
C. restructuring of large enterprises。
D. economic recession in Great Britain。
27. Which of the following may be the best
reason for casual dining?
A. Family members need more time to relax。
B. Busy schedules leave people no time for
formality。
C. People want to practice economy in times
of scarcity。
D. Young people won’t follow the etiquette of the older
generation。
28. It can be learned from the passage that
Royal Doulton is
A. a retailer of stainless steel tableware。
B. a dealer in stoneware。
C. a pottery chain store。
D. a producer of fine china。
29. The main cause of the layoffs in the
pottery industry is
A. the increased value of the pound。
B. the economic recession in Asia。
C. the change in people’s way of life。
D. the fierce competition at home and
abroad。
30. Refined table manners, though less
popular than before in current social life,
A. are still a must on certain occasions。
B. are bound to return sooner or later。
C. are still being taught by parents at
home。
D. can help improve personal relationships。
参考答案及解析
26. [答案]D
[解析]细节题。根据原文第二段第一句:最近,在科学期刊《自然》杂志上发表的一篇研究文章指出,空气中的含铅废气的排放是造成格陵兰岛的雪中含铅量高的主要原因,这些废气都来自美国。“leading contributor”所指的就是来自美国的废气,因此美国便是格陵兰岛污染的“罪魁祸首”,可以得出D项答案。从后文可知,洁净条例对抑制、降低铅污染起到了至关重要的作用,所以A违背原意;Charles Boutron博士1991年发布的一项研究显示,北极雪中的铅含量正在逐年减少,所以B违背原意;从文中第五段可知,科学家们曾经以为,铅会在soil和snow中长时间滞留,文中还指出,关于铅在土壤中滞留的研究是发表在期刊Ambio上的,所以C违背原意。
27. [答案]B
[解析]细节题。根据第一段末句:自从美国实行空气洁净条例后,20年间,全世界的铅沉积都大大降低。理解mandate的意思,强制执行,同义转述,实行空气洁净条例便是立法通过,所以B正确。无铅汽油的使用是被提倡的,所以A违背原意;无铅汽油的使用是被立法通过,而不是禁止使用,所以C违背原意,D不够具体明确,应该是通过立法的途径,而不单单是简单的引入。
28. [答案]D
[解析]细节题。根据原文第三段第一句“…the ratios
of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasolines…”可知,不同国家和地区的汽油中铅的含量不同;根据“thus enabled scientists to differentiate
the lead sources.”可知,专家可以通过汽油中的铅含量来判断此种铅来自于何地。显然,就是利用判断汽油中铅含量的方法得出格陵兰岛的铅污染主要来自美国的结论。所以D正确。原文中没有提到要分析Nature和Ambio中报告给出的数据,所以A不对;原文没有提及观察北极不同区域铅的累积情况,所以B不对;对东北美土质进行监测的目的是测量土壤中铅的含量,见第四段“…that lead levels in soil…decreased markedly
since…”,说明C也不对。
29. [答案]A
[解析]细节题。根据原文倒数第二段“The forest
environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had
expected.”森林处理和重新分配铅污染的能力超出科学家的预料,同义转述是森林去除、净化铅污染的能力比科学家预计的要强,可知A正确。森林中的铅积累好处理,说明B与文中所述相反。原文没有提及铅沉积在美国的森林中广泛分布,所以C不对;文中没有提到哪层土更容易被污染,所以D也不对。
30. [答案]C
[解析]推论题。根据最后一段:尽管生态系统的某些环节对空气污染的改善反应迅速(respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution,…),但这些研究成果不应该被当作对环境污染的许可。这说明,铅污染仍然应被重视,所以C正确。文中没有提到科学家们被森林污染所困扰,所以A不对;文中虽然举出了使用无铅汽油后铅污染减少,但并没有说铅污染已经解决,而且,“these findings should not be used as a license to pollute”,即暗指铅污染仍然应被重视,科学家们还能“feel relieved”,所以B不对;文中没有提到和污染斗争的方法手段问题,所以D也不对。
以上就是51题库考试学习网为大家带来的全部内容,希望能给大家一些帮助。51题库考试学习网提醒:以上内容仅为参考,在做试题练习时,小伙伴们还是要以考研大纲为准,有针对性的去做题哦。最后,51题库考试学习网预祝参加2021年考研初试的小伙伴都能取得优异的成绩。
下面小编为大家准备了 研究生入学 的相关考题,供大家学习参考。
A “诸共同犯罪者,以造意为首,随从减一等。”
B. “礼者,敬之本;敬者,礼之舆。故《礼运》云:‘礼者,君之柄,所以别嫌明微,考制度,别仁义。’责其所犯既大,皆无肃敬之心,故曰‘大不敬’。”
C. “诸断罪而无正条,其应出罪者,则举重以明轻;其应入罪者,则举轻以明重。”
以上几句话反映的唐律的基本特点是:
(1)“礼法合一”。唐代继承、发展以往礼法并用的统治方法和立法经验,使法律内容“一准乎礼”,真正实现了礼与法的统一。正如唐太宗所说:“失礼之禁,著在刑书。”把封建伦理道德的精神力量与国家法律的统治力量紧密糅合在一起,法的强制力加强了礼的束缚作用,礼的约束力增强了法的威慑力量,从而构筑了严密的统治法网,有力地维护了唐朝的封建统治。(2)科条简要、宽简适中。唐代立法以科条简要、宽简适中为特点。以往秦汉法律,向以繁杂著称,特别是在西汉武帝以后,因一事立一法,导致律令杂乱。西晋修律曾将773万余字的汉律令缩减为126 300字,至此,立法发生了重要变革。北齐律在此基础上定为12篇949条,内容进一步得以精简。唐朝在前律的基础上,再次实行精简、宽平的原则,定律12篇502条。
(3)用刑持平。唐律规定的刑罚比以往各代都轻,死刑、流刑大为减少。死刑只有绞、斩两种;流刑除加役流外,只服劳役一年;徒刑仅一年至三年;笞杖数目也大为减少。更重要的是,其适用刑罚以从轻为度;刑罚的加减原则,也是以从轻为特点。如凡加刑,依次递加一等;凡减刑,依次递减一等。但加刑时,一般不加死刑,个别加至死刑的,则处绞而不处斩。减刑时,“二死、三流各同为一减”,即斩减一等,不是处绞刑而是流刑三千里;流三千里减一等不是处流刑二千五百里,而处徒三年。由此可见唐律用刑持平的特点。
(4)语言精练明确,立法技术高。唐律用语精练明确,在立法技术上表现出高超的水准。如自首、化外人有犯、类推原则的确立都是集中表现。为了防止官吏滥用比附,用精确的语言规定了在法无明文规定的条件下,官吏故意与过失出入人罪的处理办法。唐律还进一步明确公罪、私罪、故意、过失的概念,并规定了恰当的量刑标准。如《斗讼律》解释“过失杀”为:“谓耳目所不及,思虑所不至,共举重物力所不至,若乘高履危跌足,及因击禽兽以致杀伤之类,皆是。”总之,唐律以其结构严谨、立法技术完善而被举世称道。
由此可见,唐律是我国封建社会发展到鼎盛阶段的产物,它对当时社会经济的繁荣、政治的稳定和文化的进步起了极大的推动和保障作用,不仅在中国,而且在世界法律制度发展的历史上均占有极其重要的地位。
B.表象
C.记忆
D.思维
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