2019年MBA考试《英语》章节练习(2019-11-18)

发布时间：2019-11-18

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2019年MBA考试《英语》考试共48题，分为英译汉和写作和完形填空和阅读理解A和阅读理解B。小编为您整理第六章 短文翻译5道练习题，附答案解析，供您备考练习。

1、

    One of the chief concerns of wildlife management is the protection and improvement of the nature habitat so that animals have enough food and water to survive. Wildlife management involves care of the soil to produce good vegetation; it also involves care of plants, not only as a source of food, but also as protection. Animals need cover to hide from their natural enemies and to raise their young safely.

    Just as crops are harvested, wildlife too must sometimes be“harvested”. By allowing limited hunting, good management can control certain species that threaten to overpopulate their habitat.

【英译汉】

答案解析:

      野生动物管理部门首要关心的事就是保护和改善它们的自然栖息地以使动物们有足够的食物和水来生存。野生动物管理部门专注于保护土壤，培育出良好的植被，他们还专注于保护植物，植物不仅能作为野生动物的食物来源，还能作为它们的保护者。动物需要用植物来掩护自己以躲避天敌和安全地抚育自己的孩子。

       就像庄稼收获一样，野生动物有时候也必须被“收获”，通过允许有限的捕猎，好的管理部门能控制某些物种使他们不至因过度繁殖而威胁到他们的栖息地。

2、

    An Asian engineer is assigned to a U.S. laboratory and almost suffers a nervous breakdown. A U.S. executive tells his staff he's going to treat them fairly—and creates dissension. A Japanese manager is promoted by his American president, but within six months asks for a transfer. Each of these real-life cases involved people who were regarded as superior employees, but were ill-equipped to cope with the complexities and dangers of intercultural management. 

    "Multinational companies have studied everything else, now they're finally looking at culture", says Clifford Clarke, founder and president of the California-based IRI International Inc. "Never show the shoe to an Arab, never arrive in time for a party in Brazil, and in Japan, don't think ‘yes' means ‘yes'," advise U.S. consultants Lennie Copland and Lewis Brown Griggs, who have produced a series of films and a book to help managers improve their international business skills. But simply learning the social "do's" and "don'ts" is not the answer, according to the new culture specialists. The penalties for ignoring different thinking patterns, they point out, can be disastrous.

【英译汉】

答案解析:       一个亚洲工程师被派到美国的实验室后精神几乎崩溃。一个美国经理告诉他的员工自己将公平对待他们，而这却导致了冲突。一个日本经理获得了美国总裁的提升，但不到六个月就要求调任。这些实际生活中的例子涉及到了那些被认为是高级雇员的人，这些人没有准备好去处理跨文化管理中的复杂性及危险性。
       总部位于加利福尼亚的IRI国际公司创始人兼总裁Clifford Clarke指出，国际化公司已研究了其他方面，现在他们终于开始正视文化方面了。美国顾问Lennie Copland和Lewis Brown Griggs建议：决不要向阿拉伯人展示鞋，在巴西参加聚会决不要按时到，在日本不要认为yes就是同意。这些顾问拍摄了一系列短片，并写了一本书以帮助经理们提高他们的国际化经营管理技能。据新文化专家说，仅仅学习社交场合中“应该做什么”和“不应该做什么”不是解决之道。他们指出忽视不同的思维方式，惩罚后果会很严重。

3、

    In our culture, the sources of what we call a sense of “mastery”— feeling important and worthwhile — and the sources of what we call a sense of“pleasure” — finding life enjoyable — are not always identical. Women often are told “You can’t have it all.” Sometimes what the speaker really is saying is:“You chose a career, so you can’t expect to have closer relationships or a happy family life.” or “You have a wonderful husband and children—What’s all

this about wanting a career?” 

    Our study shows that, for women, well-being has two dimensions. One is mastery, which includes self-esteem, a sense of control over your life, and low levels of anxiety and depression. Mastery is closely related to the“doing” side of life, to work and activity. Pleasure is the other dimension, and it is composed of happiness, satisfaction and optimism. It is tied more closely to the “feeling” side of life. The two are independent of each other. A woman could be high in mastery and low in pleasure, and vice versa. 

【英译汉】

答案解析:      在我们的文化中，我们所说的驾驭的力量（感到重要和有意义）和快乐（找到生活的乐趣）并不总是相同的。女人们经常被告知：你不能全部拥有。有时演讲者真正要说的是：你选择了事业，所以你不能期望有一个更紧密的关系或者是一个快乐的家。或是你已经拥有优秀的丈夫与孩子，这一切又与想要一个好的事业有什么联系呢？
       我们的研究表明，对于女性，幸福健康有两方面。一是驾驭事物的能力，包括对自我的尊重，对生活的自我控制，低水平的焦虑和抑郁。这与做实事（工作和活动）紧密相连。愉悦是另一方面，由快乐、满足、乐观组成，与生活的感觉更紧密相连。这两者相互独立。一个女人可以在驾驭事物的能力上有天赋，但却得不到快乐。反之亦然。

4、

    A San Francisco fast food restaurant has opened with no waiting staff or cashiers and instead dispenses its meals using a giant vending machine.　

    Customers of Eatsa, in the middle of the city's financial district, order their dishes on iPads, which are prepared by staff in a hidden kitchen and delivered to the fully automated “cubbies”.  

    According to Tim Young, Eatsa's co-founder, the company is reinventing fast food by combining the speed and affordability of fast food with the delicious flavors and nutritious ingredients of premium fast casual. “By developing new technology to automate every aspect of the food experience, we are able to deliver a product with the best qualities of premium fast casual at a price point that is accessible to everyone.” 

    The customers order their food using a virtual cashier, who retains details of previous purchases allowing tailored suggestions. When the food is ready, the dish is delivered to an individual glass door “cubby” which shows personalized graphics allowing the customer to quickly identify their own lunch.

【英译汉】

答案解析:

       旧金山一家快餐店开张了，不过店里没有服务生和收银员，只有一台巨大的自动贩卖机分发食物。

       这家店名叫伊特萨，位于旧金山金融中心区，顾客在掌上电脑上点餐，顾客看不到后厨，员工做好后会把食物放进全自动贩卖机中。

       伊特萨的合资人蒂姆•杨(Tim Young)表示，“快餐食品快速便捷，优质便餐美味营养，通过两者的结合，公司正在彻底改造快餐。通过发展新技术，将用餐体验的每一环节自动化，我们有能力提供价格亲民、质量最好的快餐。

       店内虚拟收银员负责点餐，虚拟收银员还保留顾客的点餐记录，由此提供量身定做的就餐建议。食物备好后会被送到独立的玻璃门“小隔间”，上面会显示个性化的图像，以便顾客快速识别自己的食物。

5、

    Primary socialization refers to the training of children during their earliest years, whereas secondary socialization refers to later influences on the development of the child's personality and learning activities, such as his involvement with teachers and with other children at school. Primary socialization is in most societies carried out essentially within the family as part of child rearing. In the modern family, parents take responsibility for raising and teaching their children such basic things as language and correct behavior. Toilet training, teaching children how to eat correctly, and encouraging children to get along with others are all aspects of child rearing.

    However, it is not only these more mundane aspects of behavior that children learn. Children are also implicitly encouraged to develop the values of the parents and of the society in which they live. In American society, which was Parson's main concern, these values include independence, motivation for achievement, and competition. In other societies, different values, such as cooperation and egalitarianism, may be stressed. Yet the principle behind primary socialization in different societies is the same: the development of social values must be achieved in an environment of love and security, as is found in the ideal family anywhere in the world.

【英译汉】

答案解析:        初级社会化指的是儿童早期的训练，中级社会化关注的是对儿童人格发展和学习活动的影响，比如说他们在学校和老师，同学的交往。初始社会化在大多数社会中是通过家庭扶养完成的。在现代家庭中，父母扶养和教育子女一些最基础的东西，比如语言，正确的行为。扶养子女包括教孩子用厕所，正确地吃东西，鼓励孩子和别人相处等等。
        然而儿童不仅是在这些平凡的事情中学习。他们也潜移默化地学会大人对社会价值的看法。在Parson所关注的美国社会，这些价值观包括独立，进取，和竞争。另外的社会可能会强调不同的观念，比如合作，平等。然而，在不同社会，初级社会化背后的准则却是一样的：社会价值观的培养必须在一个充满爱和安全感的环境中进行，世界上任何一个完美的家庭都创造了这样的一种环境。

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下面小编为大家准备了 MBA考试 的相关考题，供大家学习参考。

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