【每日一练(2020-10-07)

发布时间：2020-10-07

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第40篇 数字中的中国国民经济

中国经济发展出现了高增长、低通胀的新局面。国民经济继续快速增长，市场物价基本稳定。据统计，去年我国国内生产总值完成74，772亿元(9008.7亿美元)，比去年增长8.8%，其中，第一产业增长3.5%，第二产业增长10.8%，第三产业增长 8.2%。物价涨幅持续走低，全年商品零售价格总水平比去年上涨0.8%，居民销售价格上涨2.8%，涨幅分别比上年回落5.3和5.5个百分点。经济增长方式转变取得了进展，经济效益有所提高，每万元国内生产总值能源消耗比上年降低了5.2%。

China’s economic development has entered a new stage which is characteristically one of high growth and low inflation. The national economy continues to grow rapidly and market prices remain basically stable. Statistics for the last year show that China’s gross domestic product (GDP) reached 7,477.2 billion yuan (US$900.87 billion), an increase of 8.8 percent over the previous year, among which primary industry grew by 3.5%, secondary industry 10.8%, and tertiary industry 8.2%. The margin of price rise continued to fall. Retail prices rose by 0.8 percent, representing a drop of 5.3 percentage points compared to the year before, and consumer prices rose by 2.8 percent, 5.5 percentage points less than that of the previous year. Progress has been made in shifting the mode of economic growth. Economic efficiency improved, with the energy consumed for each 10,000 yuan of GDP decreasing by 5.2 percent compared to the level of the year before.

农业继续增长。在北方大面积干旱的情况下，全国粮食产量仍达到49，250万吨。国家粮食库存达到历史最高水平。棉花产量430万吨。肉类和水产品总产量分别为5，354万吨和3，561万吨。畜牧和水产养殖业已成为农村经济的增长点和农民增加收入的重要来源。乡镇企业增加值达到18，000亿元(2，168.7亿美元)。

Agriculture was further strengthened. Despite droughts in a large part of north China, grain output reached 492.5 million tons. The stage grain reserves hit a record high. Cotton output was 4.3 million tons. The total output of meat came to 53.54 million tons and aquatic products to 35.61 million tons. Animal husbandry and aquaculture have become significant points for rural economic growth and a major source of the increase in farmers’ income. The added value of township enterprises reached 1,800 billion yuan (US$216.87 billion).

基础工业和基础设施继续发展。一级能源生产达到13.4亿吨标准煤。新增发电机容量1，376万千瓦，电力供应基本满足生产和生活的需要。新建铁路交付营运里程896公里，电气化铁路1，916公里，复线551公里。新增公路里程35，000公里，其中高速公路1，313公里;公路旅客周转量达到5，118亿人公里，大幅度超过了铁路的周转量。邮电通信是基础设施中增长最快、变化最大的领域：新增长途光缆27，000皮长公里，数字微波干线14，400公里，电话交换机容量1，961万门;移动通讯已成为世界上覆盖范围最广的移动电话网之一，用户达到1，323万。

Basic industries and infrastructure continued to develop. National primary energy production reached 1.34 billion tons of standard coal. Power-generating capacity increased by 13.78 million kw, and the power supply basically met production needs and household use. Newly built railways open to traffic totaled 896km, electrified railways, 1,916 km, and double-track railways, 551km. A total of 35,000 km of new roads were added, including 1,313 km of expressways. The passenger transport of highways was 511.8 billion passenger-km. The post and telecommunications sector registered the most rapid development. The total length of long-distance optical cable installed increased by 27,000 sheath km, that of digital micro-wave links by 14,400 km, and the number of telephone lines by 19.61 million. The mobile telephone network in China, having 13,23 million subscribers, has become one of the largest in the world in terms of its coverage.

全国财政收入(不含债务收入)完成8，642亿元(1， 041.2亿美元)，比上年增长16.7%;财政支出(不含债务支出)9，197亿元(1，108亿美元)，增长15.9%;支大于收555亿元(66.9亿美元)，其中中央财政赤字560亿元(67.5亿美元)，控制在预算目标之内。中央财政债务收入2，447亿元(298.4亿美元)，完成预算的99.6%。货币供应量增长17.3%。全年现金投放1，376亿元(165.8亿美元)，超过计划控制目标176亿元(21.2亿美元)/全部金融机构存款增加12，940亿元(1，559亿美元)，增长18.6%;贷款增加10，703亿元(1，289.5亿美元)，增长16.7%。适时下调贷款利率，减轻了企业负担。国家外汇储备达到历史最高水平，年末为1，399亿美元，比年初增加349亿美元。

The country’s financial revenue (excluding liability revenue) totaled 864.2 billion yuan (US$ 104.12 billion), up 16.7 percent on the previous year, and financial expenditure (excluding liability expenditure) reached 919.7 billion yuan (US$110.8 billion), up 15.9 percent, with the latter exceeding the former by 55.5 billion yuan (US$6.69 billion). The deficit of the state treasure stood at 56 billion yuan (US$6.75 billion), which was within the budgeted goal. The state treasury’s liability revenue was 247.7 billion yuan (US$29.84 billion), fulfilling the budgeted goal by 99.6 percent. Currency supply increased by 17.3 percent. A total of 137.6 billion yuan (US$16.58 billion), was issued throughout the year, exceeding the controlled plan by 17.6 billion yuan (US$2.12 billion). The total savings deposits in all financial institutions increased by 1,294 billion yuan (US$155.9 billion), a rise of 18.6 percent over the previous year, and loans rose by 1,070.3 billion yuan (US$128.95 billion), up 16.7 percent. The interest rate on loans was lowered in due course, helping reduce the burden on enterprises. China’s foreign exchange reserve reached US$139.9 billion at the end of last year, a record high and an increase of US$34.9 billion over the figure at the beginning of the year.

对外贸易增长较快，利用外资的质量得到提高。去年中国队外贸易跃居世界第10位。全年进出口总额3，251亿美元，比上年增长12.1%，顺差403亿美元：其中吸收外商直接投资453亿美元，借用国外贷款120亿美元，运用境外发行股票等方式利用外资67亿美元。境外实际投资18.3亿美元，对弥补国内资源不足和带动出口发挥了一定作用。

Fairly rapid growth was registered in foreign trade, and foreign capital utilization improved in quality. Last year, China rose as the world’s 10th largest country in foreign trade. Imports and exports totaled US$325.1 billion, an increase of 12.1 percent over the previous year, with a trade surplus of US$40.3 billion. Exports accounted for US$182.7 billion, rising by 20.9 percent. A total of US$64 billion of foreign investment and US$12 billion of foreign loans, and US$6.7 billion was gained through issuing stocks overseas. China invested US$1.83 billion abroad, playing a certain role in making up for the shortage of domestic resources and in promoting export.

人民生活继续得到改善。全社会消费品零售总额达到26，843亿元(3，234亿美元)，实际增长10.2%。城镇居民人均可支配收入和农民人均纯收入分别实际增长 3.4%和4.6%。全年城镇新就业700万人，下岗人员再就业245万人，城镇登记失业率3.1%。人口自然增长率为10.06%。

The people’s living standards continued to improve. Retail sales of consumer goods in the country totaled 2,684 billion yuan (US$323.4 billion), representing an actual increase of 10.2 percent. The per-capita disposable income of city dwellers rose by 3.4 percent, and the per-capita net income of rural residents by 4.6 percent. Last year, 7 million people in cities and towns found their first jobs, and 2.45 million laid-off workers were re-employed, and the registered unemployment rate in cities and towns was 3.1 percent. The natural population growth rate was 10.06 per thousand.

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下面小编为大家准备了 口译笔译 的相关考题，供大家学习参考。

Gypsies are often treated with disapproval, lack of trust, and lack of understanding because their way of life is so different from the way most other British people live.

正确答案：吉普赛人的生活方式和大部分英国人大不相同所以人们对吉普赛人的态度总是不以为然很不信任而且对他们的生活缺乏了解。
吉普赛人的生活方式和大部分英国人大不相同，所以人们对吉普赛人的态度总是不以为然，很不信任，而且对他们的生活缺乏了解。

他们立刻出动去追击敌人。

正确答案：They immediately set out in pursuit of the enemy.
They immediately set out in pursuit of the enemy.

Just a couple of days ago, climbers, backed by United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), returned from the Himalayas, where they gathered first-hand accounts from monks, local people and other travelers on the state of the environment of the world's most famous mountain range. They have recorded in words, in photographs, and on film, the dramatic impacts that global warming is having on glaciers, causing them to rapidly thaw, and build up melt waters in mountain lakes. As a result, these lakes could soon burst, sending millions of tons of water and rubble swirling down the valleys threatening life and limb. // The expedition has also looked at the impacts of tourism on the mountains, concluding that much of what is happening is environmentally damaging, and a burden on the people, wildlife and landscapes of these once pristine wilderness areas. //

Every year World Environment Day is an occasion to pause and reflect on the state of the environment. This year especially, faced with the findings of our climbers, in the International Year of the Mountains, I urge you to "Give Earth a Chance". I ask you to look at our daily impact on the planet and its peoples, and to take action to improve our environmental behavior. //

Although mountains have been revered since time began, such beliefs are no longer enough to preserve fragile mountain ecosystems, for the well-being of all. We face an immense challenge, the challenge of ensuring their stability and preservation for the generations to come. //

Mountains are our water-towers. Mountains are a major source of energy. Mountains feed those living on them. Mountain ecosystems are linked to life in the lowlands, to freshwater and to the seas. Mountains are islands of rich biological and cultural diversity, home to unique plants, animals, languages and traditions. //

Sustainable development is a must. We need to combine the environmental dimension with social activity and economic development. This must be our common target, especially in mountain regions. Without sustainable development we cannot solve the problems. It is not enough to simply say we have a conservation plan for nature, and natural resources. // We must give people a chance to live and survive in these regions, therefore we need jobs; we need a perspective for young people to remain there and not go to the big cities. Mountains are virtual treasure chests of untapped economic potential—vital to sustainable development. This was recognized by the Earth Summit in Rio. //

Mountains attract tourists, but tourism has to be well managed to minimize impact on sensitive mountain environments. Respect should be the byword of the tourists, and tour operators, that bring people into contact with local people and landscapes, //The respect includes paying local people a decent wage, sourcing local food and materials where possible, and observing local customs, beliefs and traditions. Tourists are guests in other peoples' ecosystems and should behave as such. Mountains as a resource HAVE to be valued, and some of that value has to benefit mountain dwellers. Earnings from tourism should be shared equitably between all stakeholders. //

Especially this year, the International Year of Ecotourism, every effort should be made to promote Ecotourism in mountains. For some communities and regions, sustainable tourism can be a first step towards sustainable development. Let us hope that all societies will come to revere mountains, and thus be motivated to invest in them, preserve this unique asset, and in turn reap benefit from it. //

On this World Environment Day let us all begin to act for the conservation not only of the mountains, but the sea, the land, water and the air too. Let us act to give the Earth a chance. An unpolluted pristine environment is vital to our survival, a precious resource, which will only endu

正确答案：由联合国环境署资助的登山队员几天前刚刚从喜马拉雅山返回登山队员们从当地的僧人、居民和其他游客那里收集到了第一手有关这座世界上最著名山脉的环境现状资料。他们以文字、照片和胶片记录下了全球升温对冰川所产生的剧烈影响：冰川迅速融化化成的水流入山地湖泊中导致湖水不久将涨满溢出致使数以百万吨的水夹杂着石块冲入山谷从而对人类生命构成威胁。//队员们还考察了旅游业对喜马拉雅山地区带来的影响认为目前所开展的旅游活动对环境都具有破坏性同时也使这里的居民、野生动物和自然景观背上了沉重的负担而这里原本就属于原始野生地区。// 一年一度的世界环境日使我们有机会静下心来对目前的环境状况进行反思。今年的世界环境日更是如此；面对我们登山队员的调查结果在这个国际山岳年里我谨此敦促各位“给我们的地球一线生机”。我要求各位审视一下我们的日常生活给这个星球及其居民带来的影响并采取行动改进我们的环境行为。// 尽管人们自古以来便对山岳怀有一种崇敬感但如今仅靠这种崇敬之情已不足以维系脆弱的山岳生态系统从而造福人类了。我们当前面临的巨大挑战是如何为了我们的子孙后代而确保维护山岳生态系统的平衡。// 山是我们的水塔也是能源生成的主要之地。山养育着依靠它生存的人们。山岳生态系统与低洼地区的生物密切相关同时也与淡水和海洋密切相关。山岳中蕴藏着丰富的生物和多元的文化是许多珍奇动、植物、和独特的语言及传统的发源地。// 可持续发展势在必行。我们必需将环境的各个方面与社会活动和经济发展结合起来特别是在山区这必须成为我们的共同目标。若不能实现可持续发展便不能解决我们面对的各种问题。仅仅说我们已制订了保护大自然和自然资源的计划是远远不够的。//我们必须使人们有条件在这些地区生活和生存下去。为此我们需要在当地创造就业机会从而使年青一代有希望能留下来而不是涌入大城市。山岳实际上是个宝库储存着尚未被充分开发的、对可持续发展至关重要的经济潜力。这一点已得到里约地球首脑会议的认可。// 山岳对游客有着巨大的吸引力但旅游业必须得到良好的管理以最大限度地减少旅游业对山岳的敏感环境产生影响。我们的旅游从业人员将游客带到当地与当地居民接触并欣赏那里的自然景观尊重必须成为游客和旅游从业人员的行为规范。//这种尊重包括付给当地居民合理的工资、尽可能使用当地的食品和物资遵守当地的习俗、观念和传统。游客是造访他乡生态系统的客人因此其行为举止应符合游客的身份。山岳作为一种资源其价值必须得到重视当地山民应能从中得到实惠。旅游业的收益应在所有的利益相关者之间进行公平分配。// 今年是国际生态旅游年大家应不遗余力地推动山岳生态旅游业的发展。对于某些社区和地区而言发展可持续旅游业大可成为其努力实现可持续发展的第一步。我们希望所有社会都将逐步建立起对山岳的尊重进而产生投资山区的兴趣、努力保护这一独特的资产并从中获益。// 值此世界环境日之际让我们一道不仅为保护我们的山岳、而且还为保护海洋、陆地、水和空气而采取行动。让我们携起手来给我们的地球一线生机。没有遭到污染的原始环境对于我们的生存至关重要因为只有给地球留有生机才能使这种宝贵的资源得以延续。// (联台国环境署前执行长官克劳斯?特普费尔在2002年6月5日世界环境日上的讲话“给地球一线生机”)
由联合国环境署资助的登山队员几天前刚刚从喜马拉雅山返回，登山队员们从当地的僧人、居民和其他游客那里收集到了第一手有关这座世界上最著名山脉的环境现状资料。他们以文字、照片和胶片记录下了全球升温对冰川所产生的剧烈影响：冰川迅速融化，化成的水流入山地湖泊中，导致湖水不久将涨满溢出，致使数以百万吨的水夹杂着石块冲入山谷，从而对人类生命构成威胁。//队员们还考察了旅游业对喜马拉雅山地区带来的影响，认为目前所开展的旅游活动对环境都具有破坏性，同时也使这里的居民、野生动物和自然景观背上了沉重的负担，而这里原本就属于原始野生地区。// 一年一度的世界环境日使我们有机会静下心来，对目前的环境状况进行反思。今年的世界环境日更是如此；面对我们登山队员的调查结果，在这个国际山岳年里，我谨此敦促各位“给我们的地球一线生机”。我要求各位审视一下我们的日常生活给这个星球及其居民带来的影响，并采取行动，改进我们的环境行为。// 尽管人们自古以来便对山岳怀有一种崇敬感，但如今仅靠这种崇敬之情已不足以维系脆弱的山岳生态系统从而造福人类了。我们当前面临的巨大挑战是如何为了我们的子孙后代而确保维护山岳生态系统的平衡。// 山是我们的水塔，也是能源生成的主要之地。山养育着依靠它生存的人们。山岳生态系统与低洼地区的生物密切相关，同时也与淡水和海洋密切相关。山岳中蕴藏着丰富的生物和多元的文化，是许多珍奇动、植物、和独特的语言及传统的发源地。// 可持续发展势在必行。我们必需将环境的各个方面与社会活动和经济发展结合起来，特别是在山区，这必须成为我们的共同目标。若不能实现可持续发展，便不能解决我们面对的各种问题。仅仅说我们已制订了保护大自然和自然资源的计划是远远不够的。//我们必须使人们有条件在这些地区生活和生存下去。为此，我们需要在当地创造就业机会，从而使年青一代有希望能留下来，而不是涌入大城市。山岳实际上是个宝库，储存着尚未被充分开发的、对可持续发展至关重要的经济潜力。这一点已得到里约地球首脑会议的认可。// 山岳对游客有着巨大的吸引力，但旅游业必须得到良好的管理，以最大限度地减少旅游业对山岳的敏感环境产生影响。我们的旅游从业人员将游客带到当地与当地居民接触并欣赏那里的自然景观，尊重必须成为游客和旅游从业人员的行为规范。//这种尊重包括付给当地居民合理的工资、尽可能使用当地的食品和物资，遵守当地的习俗、观念和传统。游客是造访他乡生态系统的客人，因此其行为举止应符合游客的身份。山岳作为一种资源其价值必须得到重视，当地山民应能从中得到实惠。旅游业的收益应在所有的利益相关者之间进行公平分配。// 今年是国际生态旅游年，大家应不遗余力地推动山岳生态旅游业的发展。对于某些社区和地区而言，发展可持续旅游业大可成为其努力实现可持续发展的第一步。我们希望，所有社会都将逐步建立起对山岳的尊重，进而产生投资山区的兴趣、努力保护这一独特的资产，并从中获益。// 值此世界环境日之际，让我们一道不仅为保护我们的山岳、而且还为保护海洋、陆地、水和空气而采取行动。让我们携起手来，给我们的地球一线生机。没有遭到污染的原始环境对于我们的生存至关重要，因为只有给地球留有生机，才能使这种宝贵的资源得以延续。// (联台国环境署前执行长官克劳斯?特普费尔在2002年6月5日世界环境日上的讲话“给地球一线生机”)

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