【T6】

A.HANDLE

B.ON

C.CONTINUED TO A.THE TREND WAS NATURALLY MOST OBVIOUS IN THOSE AREAS OF SCIENCE BASED ESPECIALLY【T1】______A MATHEMATICAL OR LABORATORY TRAINING

B.AMATEURS, ON THE OTHER HAND, HAVE【T2】______PURSUE LOCAL STUDIES

C.ONE MAN COULD CONTINUE TO【T3】______THE INFORMATION SPECIALIZATION CAN BE SEEN AS A RESPONSE TO THE PROBLEM OF AN INCREASING ACCUMULATION OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDG

E.BY SPLITTING UP THE SUBJECT MATTER INTO SMALLER UNITS,【T4】_____AND USE IT AS THE BASIS FOR FURTHER RESEARC

H.BUT SPECIALIZATION WAS ONLY ONEOF A SERIES OF RELATED DEVELOPMENTS IN SCIENCE AFFECTING THE PROCESS OF COMMUNICATIO

N.ANOTHER WAS THE GROWING PROFESSIONALISATION OF SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY. NO CLEAR-CUT DISTINCTION CAN BE DRAWN BETWEEN PROFESSIONALS AND AMATEURS IN SCIENCE:EXCEPTIONS CAN BE FOUND TO ANY RUL

E.NEVERTHELESS, THE WORD "AMATEUR" DOES CARRY A CONNOTATION THAT THE PERSON CONCERNED IS NOT FULLY INTEGRATED INTO THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY AND, IN PARTICULAR, MAY NOT FULLY SHARE ITS VALUES.THE GROWTH OF SPECIALIZATION IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY, WITH ITS CONSEQUENT REQUIREMENT OF A LONGER, MORE COMPLEX TRAINING, IMPLIED GREATER PROBLEMS FOR AMATEUR PARTICIPATION IN SCIENC

E.【T5】______, AND CAN BE ILLUSTRATED IN TERMS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF GEOLOGY IN THE UNITED KINGDO

M. A COMPARISON OF BRITISH GEOLOGICAL PUBLICATIONS OVER THE LAST CENTURY AND A HALF REVEALS NOT SIMPLY AN INCREASING EMPHASIS ON THE PRIMACY OF RESEARCH, BUT ALSO A CHANGING DEFINITION OF WHAT CONSTITUTES AN ACCEPTABLE RESEARCH PAPER.THUS, IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY, LOCAL GEOLOGICAL STUDIES REPRESENTED WORTHWHILE RESEARCH IN THEIR OWN RIGHT; BUT, IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY,LOCAL STUDIES HAVE INCREASINGLY BECOME ACCEPTABLE TO PROFESSIONALS ONLY IFTHEY INCORPORATE, AND REFLECT ON, THE WIDER GEOLOGICAL PICTUR

E.【T6】______ IN THEOLD WAY.THE OVERALL RESULT HAS BEEN TO MAKE ENTRANCE TO PROFESSIONAL GEOLOGICAL JOURNALS HARDER FOR AMATEURS, A RESULT THAT HAS BEEN REINFORCED BY THE WIDESPREAD INTRODUCTION OF REFEREEING, FIRST BY NATIONAL JOURNALS IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY AND THEN BY SEVERAL LOCAL GEOLOGICAL JOURNALS IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.AS A LOGICAL CONSEQUENCE OF THIS DEVELOPMENT, SEPARATE JOURNALS HAVE NOW APPEARED AIMED MAINLY TOWARDS EITHER PROFESSIONAL OR AMATEUR READERSHIP.A RATHER SIMILAR PROCESS OF DIFFERENTIATION HAS LED TO PROFESSIONAL GEOLOGISTS COMING TOGETHER NATIONALLY WITHIN ONE OR TWO SPECIFIC SOCIETIES, WHEREAS THE AMATEURS HAVE TENDED EITHER TO REMAIN IN LOCAL SOCIETIES OR TO COME TOGETHER NATIONALLY IN A DIFFERENT WAY.

【A1】

A.SEARCH, DON"T FIL

E.

B.MAKE AN APPOINTMENT RIGHT AFTER WOR

K.

C.FIGURE OUT YOUR CORE WORK ACTIVITIES.

D.AVOID INSTANT MESSAGING AND TURN OFF PHONES.

E.SAY NO. WHAT WOULD YOU DO IF YOU HAD AN EXTRA HOUR A DAY? THIS IS A COMMON BARRIER I RUN INTO WHEN I WRITE ABOUT MAKING POSITIVE LIFE CHANGES:PEOPLE DON"T HAVE TIME TO PURSUE THEIR DREAMS.PEOPLE DON"T HAVE TIME TO EXERCIS

E.PEOPLE DON"T HAVE TIME TO GET ORGANIZE

D.WELL, IT"S TIME TO MAKE TIM

E.BY USING SOME COMBINATION OF THE FOLLOWING, YOU CAN FREE UP AN HOUR OR MORE A DAY.FIND THE ONES THAT WORK FOR YOU (NOT ALL WILL WORK FOR EVERYONE), AND THEN CARVE OUT THAT HOUR A DAY.THEN MAKE SURE YOU USE THAT EXTRA HOUR A DAY IN THE BEST WAY POSSIBLE—BOOK THAT HOUR ON YOUR CALENDAR FOR SOMETHING YOU REALLY, REALLY WANT TO DO, WHETHER THAT"S WORK ON A GOAL, WRITE A BOOK, START A BUSINESS, EXERCISE, READ MORE, OR WHATEVER.DON"T SQUANDER THIS GIFT OF TIME! 【A1】______ WHETHER IT"S EXERCISE OR WORKING ON SOME OTHER GOAL, MAKE AN APPOINTMENT TO DO IT RIGHT WHEN YOU GET OUT OF WORK (AT 5 P.

M., FOR EXAMPLE).THIS WORKS ESPECIALLY WELL IF YOU HAVE TO MEET SOMEONE ELSE, SUCH AS A WORKOUT PARTNER OR OTHER GROUP OR TEAM OR COACH OR PARTNER, YOU"LL BE SURE TO MEET THE APPOINTMENT, WHICH MEANS YOU WON"T STICK AROUND WORK TOO LONG, AND YOU"LL BE SURE TO FINISH ALL YOUR TASKS ON TIME SO YOU CAN LEAVE ON TIM

E.THIS MAKES YOU MORE EFFICIENT IN THE AFTERNOON ESPECIALLY. 【A2】______ I"M NOT SAYING THESE TYPES OF INSTANT COMMUNICATION DON"T HAVE THEIR USES, BUT IF THEY"RE ALWAYS ON AND YOU"RE ALWAYS AVAILABLE, YOU"RE ALWAYS AT THE MERCY OF OTHERS. IN-STEAD, JUST MAKE YOURSELF AVAILABLE AT SET TIMES IF NECESSARY, OR NOT AT ALL IF IT"S NOT NECESSARY.YOU DON"T HAVE TO TURN OFF PHONES ALL DAY LONG, BUT YOU SHOULD HAVE SOME UNBROKEN BLOCKS OF TIME WHEN YOU DON"T TAKE CALLS, SO YOU CAN CONCENTRATE ON YOUR IMPORTANT TASKS.THIS ALLOWS YOU TO GET MORE DONE IN LESS TIME, AS PHONE CALLS CAN EAT UP CHUNKS OF YOUR DAY IF YOU LET THE

M. 【A3】______ I USED TO SPEND A LOT OF TIME FILING ALL MY COMPUTER FILES AND ALL MY EMAILS INTO NICE, ORGANIZED FOLDERS.I"D SPEND TIME EVERY DAY DOING THIS.NOW, I JUST ARCHIVE EVERYTHING, ON COMPUTER AND EMAIL, AND SEARCH WHEN I NEED SOMETHIN

G.WITH QUICKSILVER ON THE MAC, EVERY FILE IS WITHIN A FEW KEYSTROKES.WITH GMAIL, EVERY EMAIL IS ACCESSIBLE INSTANTLY.NO TIME SPENT FILING! 【A4】______ WHAT IS IT THAT YOU REALLY HAVE TO DO EACH DAY? I MEAN, THE STUFF YOU HAVE TO DO OR YOUR JOB WOULD FALL APART IF YOU REALLY THINK ABOUT IT, A LOT OF THE TASKS YOU DO EACH DAY (AND PHONE CALLS AND EMAILS, MENTIONED ABOVE, ARE INCLUDED IN THESE TASKS) DON"T REALLY NEED TO BE DONE EACH DAY.SOMETIMES YOU CAN DO THEM LESS OFTEN, SOMETIMES YOU DON"T NEED TO DO THEM AT ALL.IF YOU CAN LEARN TO FOCUS ON YOUR CORE ACTIVITIES, YOU CAN GET YOUR WORK DONE IN LESS TIM

E. 【A5】______ ONE OF THE BIGGEST GROUPS OF TIME EATERS IS REQUESTS FROM OTHER PEOPL

E.ALL DAY LONG WE GET REQUESTS, IN PERSON, ON THE PHONE, IN EMAIL, THROUGH PAPERWOR

K.MEETINGS, ASSIGNMENTS, REQUESTS FOR INFORMATION, REQUESTS TO BE ON A COMMITTEE OR TEA

M...THESE ARE ALL REQUESTS THAT WILL EAT UP YOUR TIM

E.SAY NO TO ALL BUT THE ESSENTIALS.GET TO THE POINT. WHILE I"M A FAN OF LONG, SLOW CONVERSATIONS, IF YOU"RE TRYING TO MAKE TIME FOR GOALS, YOU NEED TO WHITTLE DOWN NEEDLESSLY LONG CONVERSATIONS—ESPECIALLY IF IT"S JUST WITH A COWORKER WHO ISN"T A CLOSE FRIEN

D.IN PERSON OR ON THE PHONE, YOU NEED TO GET STRAIGHT TO THE POINT WITH A MINIMUM OF CHIT-CHAT, AND IF THE OTHER PERSON ISN"T GETTING TO THE POINT, POLITELY ASK WHAT HE NEEDS FROM YOU.

【C8】

A．released

B．produced

C．investigated

D．conducted

The enemy soldiers dropped bombs without aim and injured lots of civilians.

A．at length

B．in essence

C．in bulk

D．at random

【T3】

A. DEPENDS

B.ESSENTIAL

C.DISCOURAGED A.THE CHILD GETS【T1】______

B.THIS【T2】______ON INTERACTION

C.IS【T3】______TO THE GROWTH BUT SPEECH HAS TO BE INDUCED, AND【T4】______BETWEEN THE MOTHER AND THE CHILD,WHERE THE MOTHER RECOGNIZES THE SIGNALS IN THE CHILD"S BABBLING, GRASPING AND SMILING,AND RESPONDS TO THE

M.INSENSITIVITY OF THE MOTHER TO THESE SIGNALS DULLS THE INTERACTION BECAUSE【T5】______AND SENDS OUT ONLY THE OBVIOUS SIGNALS.SENSITIVITY TO THE CHILD"S NON-VERBAL SIGNALS【T6】______AND DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAG

E.

【T12】

A.POSITIVE

B.BEHIND

C.RESULT A.AFRAID THEIR COUNTRIES WILL BE LEFT【T7】______

B.WHAT WAS LESS VISIBLE THEN, HOWEVER, WERE THE NEW,【T8】______FORCES

C.AS A【T9】______ A GREAT DEAL OF ATTENTION IS BEING PAID TODAY TO THE SO-CALLED DIGITAL DIVIDE—THE DIVISION OF THE WORLD INTO THE INFO (INFORMATION) RICH AND THE INFO POOR.AND THAT DIVIDE DOES EXIST TODAY.MY WIFE AND I LECTURED ABOUT THIS LOOMING DANGER TWENTY YEARS AGO.【T10】_____THAT WORK AGAINST THE DIGITAL DIVID

E. THERE ARE REASONS TO BE OPTIMISTI

C.THERE ARE TECHNOLOGICAL REASONS TO HOPE THE DIGITAL DIVIDE WILL NARROW.AS THE INTERNET BECOMES MORE AND MORE COMMERCIALIZED, IT IS IN THE INTEREST OF BUSINESS TO UNIVERSALIZE ACCESS—AFTER ALL, THE MORE PEOPLE ONLINE, THE MORE POTENTIAL CUSTOMERS THERE AR

E.MORE ANDMORE GOVERNMENTS,【T11】______,WANT TO SPREAD INTERNET ACCESS.WITHIN THE NEXTDECADE OR TWO, ONE TO TWO BILLION PEOPLE ON THE PLANET WILL BE NETTED TOGETHER.【T12】_____,I NOW BELIEVE THE DIGITAL DIVIDE WILL NARROW RATHER THAN WIDEN IN THE YEARSAHEA

D.AND THAT IS VERY GOOD NEWS BECAUSE THE INTERNET MAY WELL BE THE MOST POWERFUL TOOL FOR COMBATING WORLD POVERTY THAT WE"VE EVER HA

D.