注意：什么情况下适合考ACCA证书？

正确答案：
(c) (i) Paper for paper rules
The proposed transaction broadly falls under the ‘paper for paper’ rules. Where this is the case, chargeable gains do not
arise. Instead, the new holding stands in the shoes (and inherits the base cost) of the original holding.
The company issuing the new shares must:
(i) end up with more than 25% of the ordinary share capital (or a majority of the voting power) of the old company,
OR
(ii) make a general offer to shareholders in the other company with a condition that, if satisfied, would give the
acquiring company control of the other company.
The exchange must be for bona fide commercial reasons and must not have as its main purpose (or one of its main
purposes) the avoidance of CGT or corporation tax. The acquiring company can obtain advance clearance from the
Inland Revenue that the conditions will be met.
If part of the offer consideration is in the form. of cash, a gain must be calculated using the part disposal rules. If the
cash received is not more than the higher of ￡3,000 or 5% of the total value on takeover, then the amount received in
cash can be deducted from the base cost of the securities under the small distribution rules.

正确答案：
(a) The purpose of the Management Commentary (MC) is to present a balanced and comprehensive analysis of the development
position and performance of the entity in the year. Additionally, it deals with the main trends and factors behind the
development, position and performance of the entity during the financial year and those factors which are likely to affect the
entity in the future. The MC should enable users to assess the strategies adopted by the entity and the potential success of
those strategies. The key principles are as follows:
– The MC should be seen through the eyes of the directors and should focus on those matters relevant to the members of
the company.
– The review should look forward, identifying trends and factors relevant to the assessment of the current and future
performance of the entity.
– The MC should supplement and complement the financial statements so as to improve disclosure by providing additional
financial and non-financial information.
– The review should be comprehensive, understandable, reliable, relevant and represent faithfully the underlying strategies
and trends.
– Both good and bad aspects of the position of the entity should be discussed in a balanced and neutral way.
– The MC should be comparable over time, and the information should be supportable and consistent with the financial
statements to which it relates.
The increase in transparency and accountability improves the links between strategy, performance and risk, and the
evaluation of directors, and how they are paid.
A mandatory MC would make it easier for companies to judge the content of the reports and the necessary standard of
reporting, and would mean that the reports may be more robust and comparable. If the MC is not mandatory then this could
lead to uncertainty, risks of non compliance and possible mis-information being shown in the review. Directors may adopt a
policy of stating the minimum amount of disclosure which will frustrate the significant benefits to be gained from using
financial reporting as a strategic communication tool. ‘Necessity to report’ decisions will become subjective with possible legal
outcomes. The minimalist approach may also prove problematic if directors’ insurers reject claims because of ‘non-disclosure’
of information. Senior executives and the company board will play a more prominent role in deciding upon matters of MC
content than will be the case with mandatory reporting practice. Influential factors driving MC disclosure practice may become
the following rather than the broader issues:
(1) those expected to have short-term financial impact,
(2) whether shareholder decisions may be influenced,
(3) issues of risk management.
However, it can be argued that a mandatory MC could produce stereo-typed reports which would be based on a checklist
approach. Thus innovation in corporate reporting would be stifled. The power of market forces could be enough to ensure
that entities produce relevant and reliable information. Every company is different as are their challenges and risks and in anon-mandatory environment, companies could produce individual MCs to reflect those challenges and risks.

正确答案：
(d) Principal audit work
(i) Trade receivables
■ Review of agreements to determine the volume rebates terms. For example,
– the % discounts;
– the volumes to which they apply;
– the period over which they accumulate;
– settlement method (e.g. by credit note or other off-set or repayment).
■ Direct positive confirmation of a value-weighted sample of balances (i.e. larger amounts) to identify potential
overstatement (e.g. due to discounts earned not being awarded).
■ Monitoring of after-date cash receipts and matching against amounts due as shortfalls may indicate disputed
amounts.
■ Review of after-date credit notes to ensure adequate allowance (accrual) is made for discounts earned in the year
to 30 June 2006.
■ Credit risk analysis of individually significant balances and assessment of impairment losses (where carrying value
is less than the present value of the estimated cash flows discounted at the effective interest rate).