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Text 4 Though often viewed as a problem for western states,the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars,says Professor Max Moritz,a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015,the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its$5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires－nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago.In effect,fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work－such as forest conservation,watershed and cultural resources management,and infrastructure upkeep－that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts.As Moritz puts it,how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,”he says.We need to take a magnifying glass to that.Like,“Wait a minute,is this OK?”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire,researchers say.For one thing,conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive.Over the past decade,the focus has been on climate change－how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element,Moritz says,it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked,and the interactions go both ways,"he says.Failing to recognize that,he notes,leads to"an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be.Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time,people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity,says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado.But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws,policies,and practices that make it as safe as possible,she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,”Balch says.“It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”
While admitting that climate is a key element,Moritz notes that_____
While admitting that climate is a key element,Moritz notes that_____
A.public debates have not settled yet
B.fire-fighting conditions are improving
C.other factors should not be overlooked
D.a shift in the view of fire has taken place
B.fire-fighting conditions are improving
C.other factors should not be overlooked
D.a shift in the view of fire has taken place
参考答案
参考解析
解析：根据题干关键词a key element和Moritz notes定位到到第七段。定位段指出，“莫里兹说，尽管气候确实是一个关键因素，但不应因此放弃对其他因素均衡的关注。”由此可见，莫里兹认为其他因素的影响也不应被忽视，故正确答案为C。
更多 “Text 4 Though often viewed as a problem for western states,the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars,says Professor Max Moritz,a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015,the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its$5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires－nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago.In effect,fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work－such as forest conservation,watershed and cultural resources management,and infrastructure upkeep－that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts.As Moritz puts it,how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,”he says.We need to take a magnifying glass to that.Like,“Wait a minute,is this OK?”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire,researchers say.For one thing,conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive.Over the past decade,the focus has been on climate change－how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element,Moritz says,it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked,and the interactions go both ways,"he says.Failing to recognize that,he notes,leads to"an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be.Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time,people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity,says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado.But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws,policies,and practices that make it as safe as possible,she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,”Balch says.“It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.” While admitting that climate is a key element,Moritz notes that_____A.public debates have not settled yet B.fire-fighting conditions are improving C.other factors should not be overlooked D.a shift in the view of fire has taken place” 相关考题
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考题
Text 4 Though often viewed as a problem for western states,the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars,says Professor Max Moritz,a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015,the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its$5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires－nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago.In effect,fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work－such as forest conservation,watershed and cultural resources management,and infrastructure upkeep－that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts.As Moritz puts it,how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,”he says.We need to take a magnifying glass to that.Like,“Wait a minute,is this OK?”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire,researchers say.For one thing,conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive.Over the past decade,the focus has been on climate change－how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element,Moritz says,it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked,and the interactions go both ways,"he says.Failing to recognize that,he notes,leads to"an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be.Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time,people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity,says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado.But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws,policies,and practices that make it as safe as possible,she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,”Balch says.“It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”
Moritz calls for the use of"a magnifying glass"to____A.raise more funds for fire-prone areas
B.avoid the redirection of federal money
C.find wildfire-free parts of the landscape
D.guarantee safer spending of public funds
考题
Text 4 Though often viewed as a problem for western states,the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars,says Professor Max Moritz,a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015,the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its$5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires－nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago.In effect,fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work－such as forest conservation,watershed and cultural resources management,and infrastructure upkeep－that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts.As Moritz puts it,how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,”he says.We need to take a magnifying glass to that.Like,“Wait a minute,is this OK?”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire,researchers say.For one thing,conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive.Over the past decade,the focus has been on climate change－how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element,Moritz says,it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked,and the interactions go both ways,"he says.Failing to recognize that,he notes,leads to"an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be.Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time,people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity,says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado.But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws,policies,and practices that make it as safe as possible,she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,”Balch says.“It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”
The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to_____A.discover the fundamental makeup of nature
B.explore the mechanism of the human systems
C.maximize the role of landscape in human life
D.understand the interrelations of man and nature
考题
Text 4 Though often viewed as a problem for western states,the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars,says Professor Max Moritz,a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015,the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its$5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires－nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago.In effect,fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work－such as forest conservation,watershed and cultural resources management,and infrastructure upkeep－that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts.As Moritz puts it,how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,”he says.We need to take a magnifying glass to that.Like,“Wait a minute,is this OK?”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire,researchers say.For one thing,conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive.Over the past decade,the focus has been on climate change－how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element,Moritz says,it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked,and the interactions go both ways,"he says.Failing to recognize that,he notes,leads to"an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be.Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time,people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity,says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado.But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws,policies,and practices that make it as safe as possible,she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,”Balch says.“It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”
Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should____A.do away with
B.come to terms with
C.pay a price for
D.keep away from
考题
Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States.But just some 22,000 birds remain today,occupying about 16%of the species’historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service（USFWS）decided to formally list the bird as threatened.“The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,”said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe.Some environmentalists,however,were disappointed.They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as“endangered,”a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats.But Ashe and others argued that the“threatened”tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new,potentially less confrontational conservations approaches.In particular,they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments,which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95%of the prairie chicken’s habitat.Under the plan,for example,the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill,harm,or disturb the bird,as long as they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.Negotiated by USFWS and the states,the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat.The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat,USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years.And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies（WAFWA）,a coalition of state agencies,the job of monitoring progress.Overall,the idea is to let“states”remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species，”Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan,and at least a dozen industry groups,four states,and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court Not surprisingly,doesn’t go far enough“The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,”says biologist Jay Lininger.
The major reason for listing the lesser prairieas threatenedis____A.its drastically decreased population
B.the underestimate of the grassland acreage
C.a desperate appeal from some biologists
D.the insistence of private landowners
考题
Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States.But just some 22,000 birds remain today,occupying about 16%of the species’historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service（USFWS）decided to formally list the bird as threatened.“The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,”said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe.Some environmentalists,however,were disappointed.They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as“endangered,”a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats.But Ashe and others argued that the“threatened”tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new,potentially less confrontational conservations approaches.In particular,they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments,which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95%of the prairie chicken’s habitat.Under the plan,for example,the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill,harm,or disturb the bird,as long as they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.Negotiated by USFWS and the states,the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat.The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat,USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years.And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies（WAFWA）,a coalition of state agencies,the job of monitoring progress.Overall,the idea is to let“states”remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species，”Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan,and at least a dozen industry groups,four states,and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court Not surprisingly,doesn’t go far enough“The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,”says biologist Jay Lininger.
According to Ashe，the leading role in managing the species in_____A.the federal government
B.the wildlife agencies
C.the landowners
D.the states
考题
Text 4 Though often viewed as a problem for western states,the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars,says Professor Max Moritz,a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015,the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its$5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires－nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago.In effect,fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work－such as forest conservation,watershed and cultural resources management,and infrastructure upkeep－that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts.As Moritz puts it,how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,”he says.We need to take a magnifying glass to that.Like,“Wait a minute,is this OK?”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire,researchers say.For one thing,conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive.Over the past decade,the focus has been on climate change－how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element,Moritz says,it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked,and the interactions go both ways,"he says.Failing to recognize that,he notes,leads to"an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be.Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time,people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity,says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado.But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws,policies,and practices that make it as safe as possible,she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,”Balch says.“It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”
More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they_____A.exhausted unprecedented management efforts
B.consumed a record-high percentage of budget
C.severely damaged the ecology of western states
D.caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure
考题
Text 4 The EU's faltering progress towards a common system of taxing the huge revenues of the new digital giants lurched forward this morning as Margrethe Vestager,the EU commissioner in charge of competition,declared that Amazon had received unfair state aid from Luxembourg through its tax arrangements,and demanded that it pay￡250m in back taxes.At the same time,Ms Vestager announced that the European commission would haul Ireland up before the European court of justice for its failure to demand￡13bn of unpaid tax from Apple,identi{ied in an earlier investigation.The lwo events illusrrate the gulf between the commission,together with some of the EU's iargest economies,and smaller members such as Ireland and Luxembourg.Both Ireland and Luxembourg defend their tax arrangements.Ireland in particular welcomes the thousands of goocl jobs that the tech giants bring and has no desire to find ways of extracting more tax from thcm in case it drives them away.The Irish government also insists that taxation is a sovereign matter,not an arena for EU interference.（ ）thers are under pressure from voters who are outraged that any company can make so much profit in their country and pay so little tax on it.Revenue from Facebook's UK operations,it has emerged,nearly quadrupled last year t0 842m,through growth in digital ad sales;its corporation tax bill crept up from 4.2m t0 5.Im.The US inland revenue service is also keen to find transparent ways of taxing the new digital economy,and is watching jealously as the European commission draws up its plans,suspicious of any move that might be used by the tech giants to offset their US tax bills.Already,companies such as Google and Amazon hold billions of dollars in offshore funds,where ihey are out of reach of the taxman.The US defensiveness about its own tax revenues points to the need for a global rather than a merely European solution to the question of how,what and whcre to tax the digital economy,but progress through the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development（OECD）is glacial,and would in any event only be advisory.The commission is still hoping to get agreement on a common corporate tax base that would help to identify the parameters of any new tax system,but progress has stalled because of complexities around double taxation.Meanwhile the American Chamber of Commerce in Europe（ACCE）is warning that any attempt to tax the tech giants more would threaten investment and expansion.But across most of the EU discontent is growing,not just over the failure to pay tax-which has already prompted some tech companies to become more transparent,and even pay more-but over many of their practices.The chief executive of the ride-hailing app Uber has been in London this week trying to patch up relations with Transport for London（TfL）.Margrethe Vestager is right:enforcing regulations works.
Concerning tax problem,most of the EU countries'attitude toward tech giants is______A.tolerant
B.critical
C.supportive
D.ambiguous
考题
共用题干
The United States is a federal union of 50 states.The capital of national government is in Washington,D.C.The federal constitution sets up the structures of the national government and lists its powers and activities.The constitution gives Congress the authority to make laws which are necessary for the common defense and the good of the nation.It also gives the federal government the power to deal with national and international problems that involve more than one state._________(46)_________(47)The legislative branch makes the laws;the executive branch carries out the laws;and the judicial branch interprets the laws.The President heads the executive branch and the Supreme Court heads the judicial branch.The legislative branch includes both houses of Congress一 the Senate and the House of Representatives._________(48)For example,Congress can pass a law; the President may sign it. Nevertheless,the Supreme Court can declare the law unconstitutional and nullify（取消）it.__________(49)The President and the members of the Congress are elected directly.But the heads of federal departments and Supreme Court judges are appointed by the President. Every citizen votes in secret.__________(50)The people believe that their government should provide a framework of law and order within which they are left free to run their own lives._________（46）A:The election of government takes place every four years.B:The federal government has three branches:the executive,the legislative,and the judicial.C: All the powers that are not given to the federal government by the constitution are the responsibility of the individual states.D:The United States government is based on the principle of federalism,in which power is shared between the federal government and state governments.E:Consequently,no one knows for sure whether his neighbor actually votes for or against a particular candidate.F:The constitution limits the powers of each branch and prevents one branch from gaining too much power.
考题
Some states have an income tax ______ tothat of the federal government.A.same
B.similar
C.alike
D.likely
考题
Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they( ) A.deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers
B.disturbed the power balance between different states
C.overstepped the authority of federal immigration law
D.contradicted both the federal and state policies
考题
The White House claims that its power of enforcement( ) A.outweighs that held by the states
B.is dependent on the states’support
C.is established by federal statutes
D.rarely goes against state laws
考题
问答题Practice 2George Soros the Financial Crocodile “The US governs the international system to protect its own economy. It is not in charge of protecting other economies. ”Soros says. “So when America goes into recession, you have anti- recessionary policies. When other countries are in recession, they don’t have the ability to engage in anti-recessionary policies because they can’t have a permissive monetary policy, because money would flee. ” In person, he has the air of a philosophy professor rather than a gimlet-eyed financier. In a soft voice which bears the faces of his native Hungary, he argues that it is time to rewrite the so-called Washington consensus—the cocktail of liberalization, privatization and fiscal rectitude which the IMF has been preaching for 15 years. Developing countries no longer have the freedom to run their own economies, he argues, even when they follow perfectly sound policies. He cites Brazil, which although it has a floating currency and manageable public debt was paying ten times over the odds to borrow from capital markets. Soros credits the anti-globalization movement for having made companies more sensitive to their wider responsibilities. “I think [the protesters] have made an important contribution by making people aware of the flaws of the system,” he says. “People on the street had an impact on public opinion and corporations which sell to the public responded to that.” Because the IMF has abandoned billion dollar bailouts for troubled economies, he thinks a repeat of the Asian crisis is unlikely. The fund ‘s new “tough love” policy—for which Argentina is the guinea pig——has other consequences. The bailouts were a welfare system for Wall Street, with western taxpayers rescuing the banks from the consequences of unwise lending to emerging economies. Now the IMF has drawn a line in the sand, credit to poor countries is drying up. “It has created a new problem-the inadequacy of the flow of capital from center to the periphery,” he says. The one economy Soros is not losing any sleep about is the US. “I am much more positive about the underlying economy than I am about the market, because we are waging war not only on terrorism but also on recession.” he says. “I have not yet seen an economy in recession when you are gearing up for war.” He worries that the world’s largest economic power is not living up to its responsibilities. “I would like the United States to live up to the responsibilities of its hegemonic(霸权的) power because it is not going to give up its hegemonic power, ” he says. “The only thing that is realistic is for the United States to become aware that it is in its enlightened self- interest to ensure that the rest of the world benefits from their role.”
考题
问答题Practice 3 The United States is a federal union of 50 states. The District of Columbia is the seat of the national government. The Constitution outlines the structure of the national government and specifies its powers and activities. Other governmental activities are the responsibilities of the individual states, which have their own constitutions and laws. Within each state are counties, townships, cities and villages, each of which has its own elective government. All government in the United States is “of, by and for the people”. Members of Congress, the President, state officials, and those who govern counties and cities are elected by popular vote. Heads of federal departments are named by the President, and judges are either elected directly by the people or are appointed by elected officials. Voting ballots are unsigned and marked by the voters in private booths so that no one else can find out for whom a citizen is voting. Public officials may be removed from office for failing to perform their duties properly as well as for serious violations of law.
考题
问答题Practice 4 The other kind of bank—the Bank of the United States was simultaneously a commercial bank and a quasi-public central bank. The First Bank of the United States, chartered by the Congress in 1791, owed its existence to Alexander Hamilton who, shortly after becoming Secretary of the Treasury, showed remarkable insight into the financial problems of the young country and the economic implications of banking. The First Bank of the United States operated much like a private bank. But unlike a regular commercial bank, it had the federal government as a partner and number one customer. The Bank served as the fiscal agent for the government, holding government tax receipts, paying government bills, performing various financial housekeeping tasks. In return, the government kept its cash as deposits with the First Bank of the United States, giving it a huge financial base. The First Bank’s federal charter, moreover, allowed it to operate branches in all states, giving it a big competitive edge over regular state-chartered banks, which could operate only in the states that chartered them. Gradually the First Bank of the United States evolved into a sort of banker’s bank, gaining the power to police lesser commercial banks.
考题
单选题The fact that private groups have provided money to medical schools _____.A
highlights the inadequacy of government supportB
emphasizes the importance of more professional trainingC
demonstrates the increasing impact of private moneyD
indicates the growing awareness of the related problem
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问答题Practice 2 Until early in this century, the isolationist tendency prevailed in American foreign policy. Then two factors projected America into world affairs: its rapidly expanding power, and the gradual collapse of the international system centered on Europe, the watershed presidencies marked this progression: Theodore Roosevelt’s and Woodrow Wilson’s. These men held the reins of government when world affairs were drawing a reluctant nation into their vortex. Both recognized that America had a crucial role to play in world affairs though they justified its emergence from isolation with opposite philosophies. Roosevelt was a sophisticated analyst of the balance of power. He insisted on an international role for America because its national interest demanded it, and because a global balance of power was inconceivable to him without American participation. For Wilson, the justification of America’s international role was messianic: America had an obligation, not to the balance of power, but to spread its principles throughout the world. During the Wilson’s Administration, America emerged as a key player in world affairs, proclaiming principles which, while reflecting the truisms of American though, nevertheless marked a revolutionary departure for Old World diplomats. These principles held that peace depends on the spread of democracy, that states should be judged by the same ethical criteria as individuals, and that the national interest consists of adhering to a universal system of law.
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单选题Some states have an income tax ____ to that of the federal government.A
sameB
similarC
alikeD
likely
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单选题The economy of the United states after 1952 was the econnomy of a well-fed,almost fully employed people. Despit occasional alarms, the country escaped any postwar depression and lived in a state of boom. A n economic survey of the year 1955, a typical year of the 1950’s, may be typical as illustrating the rapid economic growth of the decade. The national output was value at 10 percent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War 2. The country’s business spent about 30billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National income available for spending was almost a third greater than it had been it had been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is about 700 million dollars a day ,or about twenty-five million dollars every hour , all round the clock. Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them . Only agriculture complained that it was not sharing in the room. To some observers this was an ominous echo of the mid-1920’s . As farmer’s shre of their products declined , marketing costs rose. But there were , among the observers of the national economy, a few who were not as confident as the majority . Those few seemed to fear that the boom could not last and would eventually lead to the oppsite-depression.
It can be inferred the national from the passage that most people in the United States in 1955 viewed the national economy with an air of （）.A
confidenceB
confusionC
disappointmentD
suspicion
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问答题Passage 1 (1)______ There is a tendency to see Japan as a harbinger of all that is doomed in the economies of the euro zone and America--even though figures released on November 14th show its economy grew by an annualised 6% in the third quarter, rebounding quickly from the March tsunami and nuclear disaster. Look dispassionately at Japan's economic performance over the past ten years, though, and "the second lost decade", if not the first, is a misnomer. Much of what tarnishes Japan's image is the result of demography—more than half its population is over 45—as well as its poor policy in dealing with it. (2)______ In aggregate, Japan's economy grew at half the pace of America's between 2001 and 2010. Yet if judged by growth in GDP per person over the same period, then Japan has outperformed America and the euro zone. In part this is because its population has shrunk whereas America's population has increased. Though growth in labour productivity fell slightly short of America's from 2000 to2008, total factor productivity, a measure of how a country uses capital and labour, grew faster, according to the Tokyo-based Asian Productivity Organisation. Japan's unemployment rate is higher than in 2000, yet it remains about half the level of America and Europe. Besides supposed stagnation, the two other curses of the Japanese economy are debt and deflation. Yet these also partly reflect demography and can be overstated. People often think of Japan as an indebted country. In fact, it is the world's biggest creditor nation, boasting 253 trillion ($3.3 trillion) in net foreign assets. To be sure, its government is a large debtor; its net debt as a share of GDP is one of the highest in the OECD. (3)______ Social security expenditure doubled as a share of GDP between 1990 and 2010 to pay rising pensions and health-care costs. Over the same period tax revenues have shrunk. (4)______ That gives it plenty of room to manoeuvre. Takatoshi Ito, an economist at the University of Tokyo, says increasing the consumption tax by 20 percentage points from its current 5%—putting it at the level of a high-tax European country—would raise 50 trillion and immediately wipe out Japan's fiscal deficit. That sounds draconian. But here again, demography plays a role. Officials say the elderly resist higher taxes or benefit cuts, and the young, who are in a minority, do not have the political power to push for what is in their long-term interest. David Weinstein, professor of Japanese economy at Columbia University in New York, says the elderly would rather give money to their children than pay it in taxes. Ultimately that may mean that benefits may shrink in the future. "If you want benefits to grow in line with income, as they are now, you need a massive increase in taxes of about10% of GDP," he says. (5)______ After all, falling prices give savers—most of whom are elderly—positive real yields even when nominal interest rates are close to zero. Up until now, holding government bonds has been a good bet. Domestic savers remain willing to roll them over, which enables the government to fund its deficits. Yet this comes at a cost to the rest of the economy. In short, Japan's economy works better for those middle-aged and older than it does for the young. But it is not yet in crisis, and economists say there is plenty it could do to raise its potential growth rate, as well as to lower its debt burden.[A] Falling tax revenues are a problem. The flip side, though, is that Japan has the lowest tax take of any country in the OECD, at just 17% of GDP.[B] Demography helps explain Japan's stubborn deflation, too, he says.[C] Even so, most Japanese have grown richer over the decade.[D] However, the public debt has been accrued not primarily through wasteful spending or "bridges to nowhere", but because of aging, says the IMF.[E] Young people also express their strong dissatisfaction towards economical injustice.[F] The Japanese say they suffer from an economic disease called “structural pessimism”. Overseas too,[G] In fact, the financial situation is not that bad during the last decade.
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单选题When he says in Paragraph 5, “While states give up sales tax, they usually break ever on sales-tax collection”, J. Craig Shearman actually means that.A
a vice-president at the National Retail Federation can say whatever he or she likesB
only when a state gives up sales tax can it achieve break even in collection of taxesC
tax losses are nothing for a state since serious shoppers buy more than just clothes or shoesD
when people come to buy sales-tax-free items, they will buy other things that are still taxed
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单选题In NAVTEX service, VITAL warnings will（）by transmitting station.A
be transmitted at once though the frequency is not clearB
be transmitted as soon as the frequency is cleared coordinatelyC
be transmitted at its scheduled transmissionsD
be transmitted at next scheduled transmissions
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单选题The United States is a typical country _____.A
which encourages free trade at home and abroadB
which people’s chief concern is how to make moneyC
which all businesses are managed scientificallyD
which normally works according to the federal budget
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单选题The first national park in the United States, _____, including “Old Faithful”, is famous for its geysers and for its bears and buffalo.A
Yellowstone National ParkB
New York State ParkC
Mount Rushmore ParkD
Little Rock Park
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