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diabetes mellitus
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解析：diabetes mellitus：是一组以慢性高血糖为特征的代谢性疾 病，是由于胰岛素分泌和（或）作用缺陷所引起。
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What are the factors pre－disposing to stroke? ()
A、Hypertension.B、Diabetes.C、Cigarette smoking.D、Excessive consumption of alcohol.
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The last paragraph suggests that Thomas ______.A. works full-time in a diabetes charityB. employs 22 people for his websiteC. helps diabetics in his own wayD. ties to find a cure for diabetes
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Small molecules hold the ____ for convenient diabetes treatment.A: profitsB: promiseC: wishD: future
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第二篇 Diabetes（糖尿病）and Eye DamageOver 2 million Canadians have diabetes.It is the leading cause of blindness in North Americans under 65 years of age.Diabetes is a condition where the body either cannot produce enough insulin（胰岛素）or cannot respond properly to insulin. Insulin is important because it moves glucose（葡萄糖）,a simple sugar, into the body's cells from the blood. The food people eat provides the body with glucose,which is used by the cells as a source of energy.If insulin isn't available or doesn't work correctly to move glucose from the blood into the cells,glucose will stay in the blood,leading to high blood sugar levels.High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels,including the tiny blood vessels in the eye．This leads to an eye disease known as diabetic retinopathy（糖尿病型视网膜病）. The retina（视网膜）is an area at the back of the eye that changes light into nerve signals. With diabetic retinopathy,some blood vessels in the retina are lost,and some of the other blood vessels begin to"leak"blood.This causes the retina to swell,and gradually cuts off its supply of oxygen and nutrients（滋养物）.Eventually , the retina starts to grow new blood vessels to replace the damaged ones.Unfortunately,these new vessels are not as strong as the old ones.They are more likely to break,causing bleeding in the eye.At first,people with diabetic retinopathy will not notice any symptoms.As the disease gets worse , they may notice blurred（模糊的）vision, black spots or flashing lights. As time goes on,it can progress to blindness.Everyone with diabetes is at risk for diabetic retinopathy,and the risk increases the longer you've had diabetes.Fortunately,you can reduce your risk.If you do not have diabetes,but think you may be at risk for this condition,visit your doctor to be screened for diabetes.If you do have diabetes:Have frequent eye check-ups.Make sure that you monitor your blood sugar frequently and use your medications as recommended by your doctor. There is evidence to show that keeping your blood sugar under tight control can slow down eye damage.If you have high blood pressure,follow your recommended diet and medications to keep it under control.If you are not sure whether you have high blood pressure,or whether your blood pressure is under control,discuss this with your doctor.The worst eye damage induced by diabetes isA:blurred vision. B: black spots,C: blindness. D: flashing lights.
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Text 4 Consuming high-quality plant foods such as whole grains,fruits,vegetables,nuts and legumes may substantially lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes,researchers including one of Indian-origin have claimed."This study highlights that even moderate dietary changes in the direction of a healthful plant-based diet can play a significant role in the prevention of type 2 diabetes,"said Ambika Satija from Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health in the US."These findings provide further evidence to support current dietary recommendations for chronic disease prevention,"she said.While previous studies have found links between vegetarian diets and improved health outcomes,including reduced risk of type 2 diabetes,this new study is the first to make distinctions between healthy plant-based diets and less healthy ones that include things like sweetened foods and beverages,which may be detrimental for health.The study also considered the effect of including some animal foods in the diet.Researchers followed more than 200,000 male and female health professionals in the US for more than 20 years who had regularly filled out questionnaires on their diet,lifestyle,medical history,and ncw disease diagnoses as part of three large long-term studies.They evaluated participants'diets using a plant-based diet index in which they assigned plant-derived foods higher scores and animal-derived foods lower scores.The study found that high adherence to a plant-based diet that was low in animal foods was associated with a 20 percent reduced risk of type 2 diabetes compared with low adherence to such a diet,researchers said.Eating a healthy version of a plant-based diet was linked with a 34 per cent lower diabetes risk,while a less healthy version-including foods such as refrned grains,potatoes,and sugar-sweetened beverages-was linked with a 16 per cent increased risk,they said.Even modestly lowering animal food consumption-for example,from 5-6 servings per day to about 4 servings per day-was linked with lower diabetes incidence,the study found."A shift to a dietary pattern higher in healthful plant-based foods,such as vegetables,fruits,whole grains,legumes,nuts,and seeds,and lower in animal-based foods,especially red and processed meats,can confer substantial health benefits in reducing risk of type 2 diabetes,"said Frank Hu from Harvard Chan School.Researchers suggest that healthful plant-based diets could be lowering type 2 diabetes risk because such diets are high in fiber,antioxidants,unsaturated fatty acids,and micronutrients such as magnesium,and are low in saturated fat.Healthy plant foods may also be contributing to a healthy gut microbiome,they said
The study by Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health reveals that_____A.people having type 2 diabetes should not eat grains but vegetables
B.type 2 diabetes is difficult to be prevented and cured
C.vegetarians will not get chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes
D.taking more vegetables will reduce the risk oftype 2 diabetes
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What Is Insulin-dependent Diabetes?When you eat,your body takes the sugar from food and turns it into fuel.______(46)Your body uses glucose for energy,so it can do everything from breathing air to playing a video game.But glucose can't be used by the body on its own-it needs a hormone called insulin to bring it into the cells of the body.Most people get the insulin they need from the pancreas,a large organ near the stomach?The pancreas makes insulin;insulin brings glucose into the cells;and the body gets the energy it needs.When a person has insulin一dependent diabetes,it's because the pancreas is not making insulin.So someone could be eating lots of food and getting all the glucose he needs,but without insulin,there is no way for the body to use the glucose for energy.______(47)You may have heard older people talk about having diabetes,maybe people of your grandparents'age.Usually,this is a different kind of diabetes called non一insulin一dependent diabetes.It can also be called Type 2 diabetes,or adult-onset diabetes.______(48) When a kid is diagnosed with juvenile(insulin-dependent)diabetes,he will have that type of diabetes for his whole life.It won't ever change to non-insulin-dependent diabetes when he gets older.Scientists now think that a person who has juvenile diabetes was born with a certain gene or genes that made the person more likely to get the illness.______(49)Many scientists believe that along with having certain genes,something else outside the person's body, like a viral infection,is necessary to set the diabetes in motion by affecting the cells in the pancreas that make insulin.But the person must have the gene(or genes)for diabetes to start' out with一this means you can't get diabetes just from catching a flu,virus,or cold.And this type of diabetes isn't caused by eating too many sugary foods,either.Diabetes can take a long time to develop in a person's body-sometimes months or years?Another important thing to remember is that diabetes is not contagious.______(50)______(47)A:Genes are something that you inherit from your parents,and they are in your body even before you're born.B:This sugar-fuel is called glucose?C:It may be possible to beat insulin resistance through lifestyle changes.D:You can't catch diabetes from people who have it,no matter how close you sit to them or if you kiss them.E:The glucose can't get into the cells of the body without insulin.F:When a person has this kind of diabetes,the pancreas usually can still make insulin,but the person's body needs more than the pancreas can make?
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关于妊娠性糖尿病（gestational diabetes mellitus），下列叙述何者正确（）A、由于无法有效控制妊娠性糖尿病，不应积极筛检孕妇血糖，以免徒增困扰B、通常在晚期妊娠出现C、大多数在产后持续有糖尿病D、不管怀孕前有无糖尿病，所有妊娠期的糖尿病统称妊娠性糖尿病E、为了预防巨婴症引起的难产，所有糖尿病孕妇应在第36周或更早催生
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单选题Health Department statistics demonstrate that children reading high on glucose with family histories of diabetes are twice as likely as the general population to develop diabetes.A
reading high on glucose with family histories of diabetesB
with high glucose readings whose families have a history of diabetesC
with high glucose readings and who have a diabetic history in the familyD
hating high glucose readings and also hating histories of diabetes in their familyE
with a history of diabetes running in the family and with high glucose readings
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单选题According to scientists diabetes causes all the following EXCEPT_____.A
lack of insulinB
accumulation of sugar energyC
brain damagesD
disorder in the immune system
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单选题Symptoms of sugar diabetes include（）.A
increased appetite and thirstB
decreased appetite and thirstC
gain in weightD
elevated temperature
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单选题Scientists find that it is possible to cure diabetes by means of _____.A
operation on pancreasB
stopping the accumulation of blood cellsC
accumulation sugar energyD
preventing the immune system from making mistakes
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单选题According to the passage, Mediterranean diet______.A
can’t control the blood sugar unless combined with exercise.B
is better than the low-fat diet in treating diabetes.C
involves more carbohydrates than the low-fat diet.D
can completely replace diabetes drugs.
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单选题We learn from Para. 8 and Para. 9 that______.A
diabetes patients must take medication upon diagnosis.B
medication is the first line of defense against Type 2 diabetes.C
both lifestyle and medication are important for diabetes patients.D
diabetes patients have no difficulties accepting medical cure.
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单选题What is Greene’s attitude toward avoidance of medicine for diabetes patients?A
Indifferent.B
Supportive.C
Negative.D
Worried.
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单选题According to the passage, Mediterranean diet _____.A
can’t control the blood sugar unless combined with exercise.B
is better than the low-fat diet in treating diabetes.C
involves more carbohydrates than the low-fat diet.D
can completely replace diabetes drugs.
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单选题What can be concluded from the passage?A
Medical tests and education for Americans with diabetes are not covered by the present healthcare schemes.B
If you are 20 years old or more, you are more likely to suffer from diabetes.C
Family help is the more important and most effective in detecting and treating diabetes.D
In the US, July 1 is a day of celebration for hospital staff, nurses and patients.
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判断题An unhealthy lifestyle, which may lead to disorders of the blood fats, development of diabetes or pre-diabetes, and the onset or aggravation of high blood pressure, can increase the chances of atherosclerosis.A
对B
错
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